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958 results for “Innate immunity”
Macroevolutionary foundations of a recently-evolved innate immune defense
<p>There are two datasets along with accompanying statistical code used to generate the results of our article, the first is a database of published articles that from the basis of the literature review and then the other file contains data from an experimental study of phylogenetic conservation of peritoneal fibrosis in 17 species of ray-finned fish. Detailed description of the methodology can be found in the article (https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.191601).</p>
Antagonism between viral infection and innate immunity at the single-cell level -- Immunostaining Imaging Dataset
<p>This dataset accompanies the article "Antagonism between viral infection and innate immunity at the single-cell level", at the time of submission available as a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.18.517110">preprint</a>.</p>
Plantago major effects on the innate immunity of Galleria mellonella
<p>These data have been published for the purpose of better evaluation of the article titled "Immunosuppressive effect of <em>Plantago major</em> on the innate immunity of <em>Galleria mellonella</em>" by the referees. These data have been obtained as a result of experiments and all rights belong to the publishing author and the supporting organization. This study was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University The Scientific Research Coordination Unit (Grant number: FBA-2020-325).</p>
Trade-off between photo-symbiosis and innate immunity influences cnidarian’s response to pathogenic bacteria
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Data from: Innate and adaptive immune proteins in the preen gland secretions of male house sparrows
<p>Recent studies have demonstrated that preen oil acts to reduce or eliminate feather-associated bacteria. The mechanisms underlying this antibacterial activity, however, are incompletely understood. In addition to the activity of alcohols (i.e. 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol), recent research has suggested that antimicrobial peptides may underlie the antibacterial activity of preen oil. Here, we document the presence of innate and adaptive immune proteins, lysozyme and immunoglobulin Y (IgY), in the preen oil of house sparrows (<i>Passer domesticus</i>). We suggest lysozyme functions as an antimicrobial agent, with potentially important impacts against Gram-positive feather degrading bacteria. Furthermore, both lysozyme and IgY likely act in local immune defence of the preen gland, and may also play a role in regulating the local microbiome, with potentially important consequences for chemical communication and signalling. Our findings suggest that the preen gland and its secretions should be considered an integral part of the body's first line of defence against invading infections.</p>
Data from: Fitness outcomes in relation to individual variation in constitutive innate immune function
<p>Although crucial for host survival when facing persistent parasite pressure, costly immune functions will inevitably compete for resources with other energetically expensive traits such as reproduction. Optimising, but not necessarily maximising, immune function might therefore provide net benefit to overall host fitness. Evidence for associations between fitness and immune function is relatively rare, limiting our potential to understand ultimate fitness costs of immune investment. Here, we assess how measures of constitutive immune function (haptoglobin, natural antibodies, complement activity) relate to subsequent fitness outcomes (survival, reproductive success, dominance acquisition) in a wild passerine (<i>Malurus coronatus</i>). Surprisingly, survival probability was not positively linearly predicted by any immune index. Instead, both low and high values of complement activity (quadratic effect) were associated with higher survival, suggesting that different immune investment strategies might reflect a dynamic disease environment. Positive linear relationships between immune indices and reproductive success suggest that individual heterogeneity overrides potential resource reallocation trade-offs within individuals. Controlling for body condition (size-adjusted body mass) and chronic stress (heterophil-lymphocyte ratio) did not alter our findings in a sample subset with available data. Overall, our results suggest that constitutive immune components have limited net costs for fitness and that variation in immune maintenance relates to individual differences more closely.</p>
Experimental facilitation of heat loss affects work rate and innate immune function in a breeding passerine bird
The capacity to get rid of excess heat produced during hard work is a possible constraint on parental effort during reproduction (heat dissipation limit [HDL] theory). We released hard-working blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) from this constraint by experimentally removing ventral plumage. We then assessed if this changed their reproductive effort (feeding rate and nestling size) and levels of self-maintenance (change in body mass and innate immune function). Feather-clipped females reduced the number of feeding visits and increased levels of constitutive innate immunity compared to unclipped females but did not fledge smaller nestlings. Thus, they increased self-maintenance without compromising current reproductive output. In contrast, feather-clipping did not affect the number of feeding visits or innate immune function in males, despite increased heat loss rate. Our results show that analyses of physiological parameters, such as constitutive innate immune function, can be important when trying to understand sources of variation in investment in self-maintenance versus reproductive effort and that risk of overheating can influence innate immune function during reproduction.
Multi-omics analysis of innate and adaptive responses to BCG vaccination reveals epigenetic cell states that predict trained immunity
<p>This repository contains personal immune profiles of 323 healthy individuals (300BCG) subjected to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) with blood samples collected immediately before (day 0), and 14 and 90 days after the vaccination. The personal immune profiles comprise:</p> <ul> <li>immune cell concentrations measured with flow cytometry and a hematology analyzer</li> <li>plasma concentrations of 73 circulating inflammatory markers</li> <li>30 measurements of cytokine and lactate production capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to four microbial stimuli (Candida albicans, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide [LPS], Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis).</li> </ul> <p>Visit <a href="http://300BCG.bocklab.org/">http://300BCG.bocklab.org/</a> to learn more.</p>
Data from: Effects of manipulated food availability and seasonality on innate immune function in a passerine
<p>1. The innate immune system is essential for survival, yet many immune traits are highly variable between and within individuals. In recent years, attention has shifted to the role of environmental factors in modulating this variation. A key environmental factor is food availability, which plays a major role in shaping life-histories, and may affect resource allocation to immune function through its effect on nutritional state.</p> <p>2. We developed a technique to permanently increase foraging costs in seed-eating birds, and leveraged this technique to study the effects of food availability on the innate immune system over a three-year period in 230 zebra finches housed in outdoor aviaries. The immune components we studied were haptoglobin, ovotransferrin, nitric oxide, natural antibodies through agglutination, complement-mediated lysis, and killing capacity of <em>Escherichia</em> <em>coli</em> and <em>Candida</em> <em>albicans</em>, covering a broad spectrum of the innate immune system. We explored effects of food availability in conjunction with other potentially important variables: season, age, sex, and manipulated natal brood size.</p> <p>3. Increased foraging costs affected multiple components of the immune system, albeit in a variable way. Nitric oxide and agglutination levels were lower under harsh foraging conditions, while Escherichia coli killing capacity was increased. Agglutination levels also varied seasonally, but only at low foraging costs. <em>C</em>. <em>albicans</em>' killing capacity was lower in winter, and even more so for animals in harsh foraging conditions that were raised in large broods. Effects of food availability on ovotransferrin were also seasonal, and only apparent in males. Haptoglobin levels were independent of foraging costs and season.</p> <p>4. Males had higher levels of immune function than females for 3 of the measured immune traits. Innate immune function was independent of age and manipulated natal brood size.</p> <p>5. Our finding that food availability affects innate immune function suggests that fitness effects of food availability may at least partially be mediated by effects on the immune system. However, food availability effects on innate immunity varied in direction between traits, illustrating the complexity of the immune system and precluding conclusions on the level of disease resistance.</p>
Metadata: In-ovo stimulation trains innate immunity to mitigate Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens
<p><span><span>Metadata of the paper investigating the physiological and genomic responses of these <em>in-ovo </em>stimulated chickens to <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>infection. </span> </span></p>
Macroevolutionary foundations of a recently-evolved innate immune defense (data)
<p>Antagonistic interactions between hosts and parasites may drive the evolution of novel host defenses, or new parasite strategies. Host immunity is therefore one of the fastest evolving traits. But where do the novel immune traits come from? Here, we test for phylogenetic conservation in a rapidly evolving immune trait – peritoneal fibrosis. Peritoneal fibrosis is a costly defense against a specialist tapeworm, <em>Schistocephalus solidus</em> (Cestoda), expressed in some freshwater populations of threespine stickleback fish (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>, Perciformes). We asked whether stickleback fibrosis is a derived species-specific trait or an ancestral immune response that was widely distributed across ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) only to be employed by threespine stickleback against the specialist parasite. We combined literature review on peritoneal fibrosis with a comparative experiment using either parasite-specific, or non-specific, immune challenge in deliberately selected species across fish tree of life. We show that ray-finned fish are broadly, but not universally, able to induce peritoneal fibrosis when challenged with a generic stimulus (Alum adjuvant). The experimental species were, however, largely indifferent to the tapeworm antigen homogenate. Peritoneal fibrosis, thus, appears to be a common and deeply conserved fish immune response that was co-opted by stickleback to adapt to a new selective challenge.</p>
APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population
<p>In post-industrial settings, <i>APOE4</i> is associated with increased cardiovascular and neurological disease risk. However, the majority of human evolutionary history occurred in environments with higher pathogenic diversity and low cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that in high-pathogen and energy-limited contexts, the <i>APOE4</i> allele confers benefits by reducing innate inflammation when uninfected, while maintaining higher lipid levels that buffer costs of immune activation during infection. Among Tsimane forager-farmers of Bolivia (N=1266), <i>APOE4</i> is associated with 30% lower C-reactive protein, and higher total cholesterol and oxidized-LDL. Blood lipids were either not associated, or negatively associated with inflammatory biomarkers, except for associations of oxidized-LDL and inflammation which were limited to high BMI adults. Further, <i>APOE4</i> carriers maintain higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol at low BMIs. These results suggest the relationship between <i>APOE4</i> and lipids may be beneficial for pathogen-driven immune responses, and unlikely to increase cardiovascular risk in an active subsistence population.</p>
Innate immune activation by checkpoint inhibition in patient-derived lung cancer tissues
<p><span>Although Pembrolizumab-based immunotherapy has significantly improved lung cancer patient survival, many patients show variable efficacy and resistance development. A better understanding of the drug's action is needed to improve patient outcomes. Functional heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to modulating drug resistance; understanding of individual patients' TME that impacts drug response is hampered by lack of appropriate models. </span></p> <p><span>Lung organotypic tissue slice cultures (OTC) with patients' native TME procured from primary and brain-metastasized (BM) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were treated with Pembrolizumab and/or beta-glucan (WGP, an innate immune activator). Metabolic tracing with<sup> 13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>-Glc/<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5,</sub><sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>-Gln, multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), and digital spatial profiling (DSP) were employed to interrogate metabolic and functional responses to Pembrolizumab and/or WGP.</span></p> <p><span>Primary and BM PD-1<sup>+</sup> lung cancer OTC responded to Pembrolizumab and Pembrolizumab + WGP treatments, respectively. Pembrolizumab activated innate immune metabolism and functions in primary OTC, which were accompanied by tissue damage. DSP analysis indicated an overall decrease in immunosuppressive macrophages and T cells but revealed microheterogeneity in immune responses and tissue damage. Two TMEs with altered cancer cell properties showed resistance. Pembrolizumab or WGP alone had negligible effects on BM-lung cancer OTC but Pembrolizumab + WGP blocked central metabolism with increased pro-inflammatory effector release and tissue damage.</span></p> <p><span>In depth metabolic analysis and multiplex TME imaging of lung cancer OTC demonstrated overall innate immune activation by Pembrolizumab but heterogeneous responses in the native TME of a patient with primary NSCLC. Metabolic and functional analysis also revealed synergistic action of Pembrolizumab and WGP in OTC of metastatic NSCLC.</span></p>
Data for: Innate immune function and antioxidant capacity of nestlings of an African raptor co-vary with the level of urbanization around breeding territories
<p>Urban areas provide breeding habitats for many species. However, animals raised in urban environments face challenges such as altered food availability and quality, pollution, and pathogens assemblages. These challenges can affect physiological processes like immune function and antioxidant defences which are important for fitness.</p> <p>Here, we explore how levels of urbanisation influence innate immune function, immune response to a mimicked bacterial infection and antioxidant capacity of nestling Black Sparrowhawks <em>Accipiter melanoleucus</em> in South Africa. We also explore the effect of timing of breeding and rainfall on physiology since both can influence the environmental condition under which nestlings are raised. Finally, because urbanisation can influence immune function indirectly, we use path analyses to explore direct and indirect associations between urbanisation, immune function, and oxidative stress.</p> <p>We obtained measures of innate immunity (haptoglobin, lysis, agglutination and bactericidal capacity), indices of antioxidant capacity (total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (tAOX), and total glutathione from nestlings from 2015 - 2019. In addition, in 2018 and 2019, we mimicked a bacterial infection by injecting nestlings with lipopolysaccharide and quantified their immune response.</p> <p>Increased urban cover was associated with an increase in lysis and a decrease in tAOX, but not with any of the other physiological parameters. Furthermore, except for agglutination, no physiological parameters were associated with the timing of breeding. Lysis and bactericidal capacity, however, varied consistently with the annual rainfall pattern. Immune response to a mimicked a bacterial infection decreased with urban cover but not with the timing of breeding nor rainfall. Our path analyses suggested indirect associations between urban cover and some immune indices via tAOX but not via the timing of breeding.</p> <p>Our results show that early-life development in an urban environment is associated with variation in immune and antioxidant functions. The direct association between urbanisation and antioxidant capacity and their impact on immune function is likely an important factor mediating the impact of urbanisation on urban-dwelling animals. Future studies should explore how these results are linked to fitness and whether the responses are adaptive for urban-dwelling species.</p>
Data from: Thermoregulatory costs of the innate immune response are modulated by winter food availability in a small passerine
<p>1. In winter, a challenge to the immune system could pose a major energetic trade-off for small endotherms, whereby increasing body temperature (<em>T</em><sub>b</sub>; i.e. eliciting fever) may be beneficial to fight off invading pathogens yet incur a cost for vital energy-saving mechanisms.</p> <p>2. Having previously shown that the availability and acquisition of energy, through manipulation of food predictability, influence the depth of rest-phase hypothermia in a wild bird in winter, we expected that the nocturnal thermoregulatory component of the acute-phase immune response would also be modulated by food availability.</p> <p>3. By manipulating winter food availability in the wild for great tits, <em>Parus major</em>, we created an area offering a "predictable" and constant supply of food at feeding stations, while an unmanipulated area was subject to naturally "unpredictable" food. Birds were subject to an immune challenge shortly after dusk, and the thermoregulatory response was quantified via continuous recording of nocturnal <em>T</em><sub>b</sub>, using subcutaneous thermo-sensitive transponders.</p> <p>4. In response to immune challenge, all birds increased <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> above the level maintained prior to immune challenge (i.e. baseline). However, birds experiencing a naturally unpredictable food supply elevated <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> more than birds with access to predictable food resources, during the period of expected peak response and for the duration of the night. Furthermore, "unpredictable-food" females took longer to return to baseline <em>T</em><sub>b</sub>. Assuming baseline nocturnal <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> reflects an individual's optimum, based on their available energy budget, the metabolic cost of eliciting an acute-phase response for "unpredictable-food" birds was more than double that of "predictable-food" birds. The absence of differences in absolute <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> during the peak response could support the idea of an optimal <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> for immune system activation. Alternatively, "predictable-food" birds could have acquired tolerance to endotoxin as a result of using feeding stations, thus affording them reduced costs associated with a smaller <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> increase.</p> <p>5. These findings shed new light on the trade-offs associated with food acquisition, thermoregulation and immune function in small-bodied endotherms. This knowledge is of increasing importance, given the predicted elevated pathogen risks associated with changes in climate and anthropogenic activities.</p>
Mapping the epigenomic landscape of human monocytes following innate immune activation reveals context-specific mechanisms driving endotoxin tolerance
<p><strong>Processed datasets for publication at <em>BMC Genomics</em>.</strong></p> <p>We exposed human primary monocytes from healthy donors (n=6) to interferon-γ or differing combinations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), including acute response (2hr LPS; LPS2) and two models of endotoxin tolerance: repeated stimulations (6+6hr; LPS6:6) and prolonged exposure to endotoxin (24hr LPS; LPS24). Another subset of monocytes was left untreated (naïve; UT). We performed total RNA-seq and ATAC-seq for monocytes across these treatment conditions.</p> <p>The following processed datasets include the raw and normalised count data for each gene or ATAC peak, and the bedGraph and bigWig format for genome-wide signal data. [ bigWig files for RNA-seq (monocytes_*_mean.bw); bigWig files for ATAC-seq (Monocyte_ATAC_*_mean_normalised.by.1/size.factor.bw); bedgraph files for eRNA visualization (*RPKM_FR.bedgraph.gz); raw and normalised count files for ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data (Monocyte.featureCounts_RNAseq.txt.gz; Monocyte_filtered_log2.normalized_RNAseq_counts.txt.gz; Meta.file.txt.gz; Monocyte_raw.counts_ATACseq.txt.gz.).]</p> <p><strong>Data curator:</strong></p> <p>Ping Zhang</p> <p> </p>
DAMP-Mediated Innate Immune Failure and Pneumonia After Trauma - the Harvard-Longwood (HALO) Campus Area Consortium
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03993002. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
The Impact of Aspirin Dose Modification on the Innate Immune Response - Will Lower Dose Aspirin Therapy Reduce the Response to Endotoxin
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03869268. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 36.
Urbanization enhances body condition, but not innate immune defenses, in a common waterbird
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Data from: Fitness outcomes in relation to individual variation in constitutive innate immune function
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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