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78 results for “Interaction of individuals”
warmXtrophic: plant community responses to the individual and interactive effects of climate warming and herbivory across multiple years at Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research Sites (KBS LTER), Michigan, USA, and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), Michigan, USA.
Climate change has both direct and indirect effects on ecological communities. Whereas most climate change ecology experiments manipulate abiotic drivers to measure direct effects of climate on species or communities, fewer quantify the indirect effects through biotic interactions, especially over multiple sites and years. In this factorial experiment we manipulate temperature through open-top chambers, and the level of insect herbivory through insecticide. At two early successional field sites separated by 3 degrees of latitude and 3°C of mean annual temperature (University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI and Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI), 6 replicate 1-m2 plots per treatment were installed in May 2015. 12 plots per site are at ambient temperature, 12 are warmed with year-round non-UV filtering polycarbonate and wood frame construction OTCs for tall-stature plants (Welshofer et al. 2018 MEE). Insecticide reduces insect herbivory in half the plots (Welshofer et al. 2018 Oecologia). Over the course of the experiment, OTCs warmed the plant communities by 1.9°C-3.0°C on average over the growing season. Each year, through 2021, plant traits and community responses were measured at the species level: plant phenology (green-up, flowering, flowering duration, seed set); plant percent cover (aerial % cover of the 1m2 plot); plant traits (specific leaf area, C and N content), herbivory damage to leaves, and plant species biomass (only in 2021). Further methodological details are found within each response variable metadata. This experiment is ongoing and further data package updates are planned. L0 data is available upon request. R scripts can be found here: https://github.com/SpaCE-Lab-MSU/warmXtrophic. The biotic and abiotic community context and relative strengths of direct vs. indirect effects may yield ecological surprises under climate change unless addressed together. Large-scale experiments like this one can improve our ability to unde
Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmion at room temperature
<p>International audience Facing the ever-growing demand for data storage will most probably require a new paradigm. Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions are anticipated to solve this issue as they are arguably the smallest spin textures in magnetic thin films in nature. We designed cobalt-based multilayered thin films where the cobalt layer is sandwiched between two heavy metals providing additive interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, which reach a value close to 2 mJ m-2 in the case of the Ir|Co|Pt asymmetric multilayers. Using a magnetization-sensitive scanning x-ray transmission microscopy technique, we imaged small magnetic domains at very low field in these multilayers. The study of their behavior in perpendicular magnetic field allows us to conclude that they are actually magnetic skyrmions stabilized by the large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This discovery of stable sub-100 nm individual skyrmions at room temperature in a technologically relevant material opens the way for device applications in a near future. on</p>
Figure 4 in Population density and diet type interactively affect individual growth of an omnivorous soil-dwelling insect (Anomala cuprea, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 4. (a) total carbon (%) in the diet before the experiment and (b) after the experiment, and (c) total nitrogen (%) in the diet before the experiment and (d) after the experiment in the two diets and three population densities.
Figure 2 in Population density and diet type interactively affect individual growth of an omnivorous soil-dwelling insect (Anomala cuprea, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 2. Effects of diet type and population density on mean fresh weight of a larva. Error bars indicate standard error. See Tab. 2 for details of statistical results.
Figure 1 in Population density and diet type interactively affect individual growth of an omnivorous soil-dwelling insect (Anomala cuprea, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 1. Effects of diet type and population density on larval mortality rate. Error bars indicate standard error. See Tab. 1 for details of statistical results.
Supplementary data for "Individual quality and environmental factors interact to shape reproduction and survival in a resident bird of prey"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The archive contains data file and R-Script to reproduce the results presented in the paper “Individual quality and environmental factors interact to shape reproduction and survival in a resident bird of prey” published in Royal Society Open Science.</p> <p><strong><span> </span></strong></p>
Drug-Drug Interactions Between Rifapentine and Dolutegravir in HIV/LTBI Co-Infected Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04272242. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 7. Publications: 1.
SGS-LTER Ecosystem Stress Area - Aboveground Biomass: Interactions between individual plant species and soil nutrient status in shortgrass steppe on the Central Plains Experimental Range in Nunn, Colorado, USA 1991
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. The effect of plant community structure on nutrient cycling is fundamental to our understanding of ecosystem function. We examined the importance of plant species and plant cover (i.e. plant covered microsites vs bare soil) on nutrient cycling in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. We tested the effects of both plant species and cover on soils in an area of undisturbed shortgrass steppe and an area that had undergone nitrogen and water additions from 1971 to 1974, resulting in significant shifts in plant species composition.
SGS-LTER Ecosystem Stress Area - Belowground Biomass: Interactions between individual plant species and soil nutrient status in shortgrass steppe on the Central Plains Experimental Range in Nunn, Colorado, USA 1991
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. The effect of plant community structure on nutrient cycling is fundamental to our understanding of ecosystem function. We examined the importance of plant species and plant cover (i.e. plant covered microsites vs bare soil) on nutrient cycling in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. We tested the effects of both plant species and cover on soils in an area of undisturbed shortgrass steppe and an area that had undergone nitrogen and water additions from 1971 to 1974, resulting in significant shifts in plant species composition. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83317.
Data from: Interacting effects of unobserved heterogeneity and individual stochasticity in the life-history of the Southern fulmar
1.Individuals are heterogeneous in many ways. Some of these differences are incorporated as individual states (e.g., age, size, breeding status) in population models. However, substantial amounts of heterogeneity may remain unaccounted for, due to unmeasurable genetic, maternal, or environmental factors. 2.Such unobserved heterogeneity (UH) affects the behavior of heterogeneous cohorts via intra-cohort selection and contributes to inter-individual variance in demographic outcomes such as longevity and lifetime reproduction. Variance is also produced by individual stochasticity, due to random events in the life cycle of wild organisms, yet no study thus far has attempted to decompose the variance in demographic outcomes into contributions from unobserved heterogeneity and individual stochasticity for an animal population in the wild. 3.We developed a stage-classified matrix population model for the Southern fulmar breeding on Ile des Pétrels, Antarctica. We applied multi-event, multi-state markrecapture methods to estimate a finite mixture model accounting for UH in all vital rates and Markov chain methods to calculate demographic outcomes. Finally, we partitioned the variance in demographic outcomes into contributions from unobserved heterogeneity and individual stochasticity. 4.We identify three UH groups, differing substantially in longevity, lifetime reproductive output, age at first reproduction, and in the proportion of the life spent in each reproductive state. 14% of individuals at fledging have a delayed but high probability of recruitment and extended reproductive lifespan. 67% of individuals are less likely to reach adulthood, recruit late and skip breeding often but have the highest adult survival rate. 19% of individuals recruit early and attempt to breed often. They are likely to raise their offspring successfully, but experience a relatively short lifespan. Unobserved heterogeneity only explains a small fraction of the variances in longevity (5.9%), age at first reproduction (3.7%) and lifetime reproduction (22%). 5.UH can affect the entire life cycle, including survival, development, and reproductive rates, with consequences over the lifetime of individuals and impacts on cohort dynamics. The respective role of unobserved heterogeneity versus individual stochasticity varies greatly among demographic outcomes. We discuss the implication of our finding for the gradient of life-history strategies observed among species and argue that individual differences should always be accounted for in demographic studies of wild populations.
Combined single-cell quantitation of host and SIV genes and proteins ex vivo reveals host-pathogen interactions in individual cells
<p>Single cell gene expression data for the paper "Combined single-cell quantitation of host and SIV genes and proteins ex vivo reveals host-pathogen interactions in individual cells" to appear in PLOS Pathogens.</p> <p>Package contains two single cell data sets, one consisting of single cells from PBMCs in three animals, and the other three tissues from one animal.</p> <p>The single-cells are grouped based on the SIV viral genes that they express.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for Interactive Profiling Narrative (IPN) with Toxicity Tolerance Score of each individual user to different categories of toxicity
<p>he dataset is the collection of the results of the Interactive Profiling Narrative that was developed as a part of the project Listener Aware Content Detoxification.<br>It contains the toxicity tolerance scores of each individual user to different categories.<br>High scores indicate that the user is extremely sensitive to the particular category where as low scores indicate that the user isn't that triggered by the category.Medium scores show moderate tolerance.</p> <p>Columns:<br>1.UserId: The unique id given to each user (helps preserve anonymity).<br>2.Race: The user's toxicity tolerance to the category race. High score means racist comment trigger them. <br>3.Sex: The user's toxicity tolerance to the category sexuality. High scores indicate sensitivity to comments on sexual identity.<br>4.Body_image: The user's sensitivity to comments regarding body image. High scores indicate that remarks on body appearance strongly affect the user.<br>5.Disability:The user's sensitivity to comments about disabilities. A high score means the user is highly sensitive to potentially ableist remarks.<br>6.Religion_culture: The user's sensitivity to content involving religion or culture. High scores show the user is easily triggered by insensitive comments about religious or cultural aspects.<br>7.Physical_abuse: User's sensitivity to comments regarding physical abuse. High scores indicate the user is strongly affected by remarks on physical abuse.<br>8.Mental_health: This measures the user's sensitivity to comments on mental health. High scores suggest that the user is particularly affected by comments stigmatizing mental health issues.<br>9.Politics:The user's sensitivity to political content. High scores indicate that political discussions or comments are likely to evoke a strong reaction in the user</p>
Data supporting: Drivers of individual-based, antagonistic interaction networks during plant range expansion
<p><span>1. Range expansion in plant populations, especially at the colonization front, can be either limited by disproportionately large effects of antagonistic interactions or facilitated by their release. How the strength of antagonistic interactions changes along successional gradients during range expansion is still poorly documented, especially when diverse assemblages of plant antagonists (rodents, invertebrates, and birds) combine within interaction networks.</span></p> <p><span>2. We study the changes in individual-based, predispersal seed-pulp predator networks along a colonization gradient in a rapidly-expanding <em>Juniperus phoenicea</em> population in Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Additionally, we analysed the role of individual plant traits and neighbourhood attributes in network configuration by using Exponential Random Graph Models.</span></p> <p><span>3. Seven seed-pulp consumer animal species varied significantly in their frequency of interaction and prevalence. While invertebrate species were well established in old and intermediately mature stands, greenfinch (<em>Chloris chloris</em>) was dominant at the colonization front. Variable species roles and spread of interactions among individual plants generated changes in the configuration of interactions during plant expansion.</span></p> <p><span>4. Individual plant traits strongly determined the topology of these networks, although with differences between stands. Increasing individual crop size and seeds per cone increased the interaction odds of individual plants, while seed viability showed the opposite effect. The network topology at the colonization front appeared less driven by individual traits, possibly because of the short interaction history of this recently established area. The disproportionately large effect of <em>C. chloris</em> in these recently established stands, potentially resulted in large seed losses during range expansion.</span></p> <p><span>5.</span><em><span> Synthesis</span></em><span>. Turnover of antagonistic interactions, characterized the colonization front, resulting in more heterogeneous interaction strengths among individual plants. We found no evidence for a complete or sizeable antagonistic release of <em>J. phoenicea</em> at the colonization front promoting this rapid expansion. It becomes necessary to explore interactions with seed dispersers to understand how antagonistic and mutualistic plant-animal interactions balance during range expansion. Our study highlights the importance of an individual-based approach in understanding how interactions are structured and driven in natural changing landscapes.</span></p>
Downscaling mutualistic networks from species to individuals reveals consistent interaction niches and roles within plant populations.
<p>Repository containing dataset and code for the manuscript entitled <em>Downscaling mutualistic networks from species to individuals reveals consistent interaction niches and roles within plant populations</em>.</p> <p>For this study, we compiled 46 empirical individual-based networks on plant-animal seed dispersal mutualism, encompassing 1037 plant individuals across 29 species from various regions. We compare the structure of individual-based networks to that of species-based networks and by extending the niche concept to interaction assemblages, we explore levels of individual plant specialization. We examine how individual variation influences network structure and how plant individuals "explore" the interaction niche of the population.</p> <p>Please refer to <strong>makefile.R</strong> for project outline, explanation and codes used, and to the <strong>README</strong> in networks folder for data structure and compilation.</p>
Individual-based networks reveal the highly skewed interactions of a frugivore mutualist with individual plants in a diverse community
<p>While plant-animal interactions occur fundamentally at the individual level, the bulk of research examining the mechanisms that drive interaction patterns has focused on the species or population level. In seed-dispersal mutualisms between frugivores and plants, little is known about the role of space and individual-level variation among plants in structuring patterns of frugivore foraging and, thus, seed dispersal in a plant community. Here we use an animal perspective to examine how space and variation between individual plants affect movement and visitation by frugivores foraging on individual fruiting plants. To do this, we used a spatially explicit network approach informed by observations of the movement and foraging of a frugivorous lemur species (Eulemur rubriventer) amongst individual plants in a diverse plant community in Madagascar. The resulting hierarchical networks, in which a few individual plants received the bulk of the interactions, demonstrated how a generalist frugivore species could act as an individual-plant specialist within a plant community. The few individual plants that dominated interactions with the lemurs shaped the modular spatial structure of frugivory interactions in the community and facilitated visitation to near neighbors. This interaction structure was primarily driven by extrinsic factors, as lemur movements among plants were significantly influenced by the individual plant's spatial position and the species richness of fruiting plants in its immediate neighborhood. Individual plants in central spatial locations, with a rich fruiting neighborhood and large fruit crops, received the most visits. The observed drastic inequality in the interactions of a generalist frugivore within a highly diverse plant community highlights the importance of considering individual-level variation for essential ecosystem processes, such as seed dispersal.</p>
20230822-IKEM: Intrinsic exploration motivation (individual / social and direct / indirect curiosity, creativity and non-exploration), that influences which object and, if the agent is social, partner(s) are chosen for the interaction, is introduced.
<p>This archive contains the results of a multi-agent simulation experiment [1] carried out with Lazy lavender [2] environment.<br> <br> Experiment Label: 20230822-IKEM<br> <br> Experiment design: Agents interact by playing games with objects and adapt their ontologies to agree on decision taking. Intrinsic exploration motivation (individual / social and direct / indirect curiosity, creativity and non-exploration), that influences which object and, if the agent is social, partner(s) are chosen for the interaction, is introduced.<br> <br> Experiment setting: Agents learn decision trees (transformed into ontologies); choose the objects (and partners) to interact with; adapt by splitting their leaf nodes<br> <br> Hypotheses: 1) Agents will be able to fulfil their motivation in terms of increased exploration (exploratory motivations) and decreased exploration (non-exploratory motivation). 2) Agents with exploratory motivation will be more complete, but less accurate than the baseline and non-exploration. 3) Curious agents will be more accurate and complete, but converge slower in comparison with creativity. 4) In more complex settings (higher number of agents and properties), exploration leads to more completeness, accuracy, distance and faster convergence than the baseline. 5) Agents with non-exploratory motivation will be less accurate and complete than the baseline. 6) The indirect learning models have a higher accuracy and completeness than the direct models. 7) Agents with socially oriented intrinsic motivation will have less diverse knowledge, but agree more and converge faster than agents with individual intrinsic motivation. 8) Heterogeneously motivated agents will have a higher accuracy and completeness, but lower diversity and converge slower than homogeneously motivated agents.<br> <br> Detailed information can be found in index.html or notebook.ipynb.<br> <br> [1] <a href="\">https://sake.re/20230822-IKEM</a><br> [2] <a href="\">https://gitlab.inria.fr/moex/lazylav/</a><br> </p>
Individual survival is dictated by group personality in a marsh ecosystem predator-prey interaction
<p>Predator–prey interactions structure ecological communities, and personality can significantly mediate these interactions. Personality expression is often contingent on social context, suggesting that group personality may be key in determining the outcomes of predator encounters. Here we test the influence of individual personality and group composition on survival of the marsh periwinkle, <em>Littoraria irrorata</em>, when exposed to its main predator, the blue crab, <em>Callinectes</em> <em>sapidus</em>, both integral players in mediating the productivity and health of salt marsh ecosystems. Personality varied along a bold-shy continuum and was unrelated to shell length, though neither trait influenced survival when individual snails were exposed to a predator. However, when snails were partitioned into groups differing in personality composition, snails in groups with bold individuals had higher survival than those in groups with none. While group type did not influence the survival of bold snails, shy snails performed significantly better in mixed groups: the presence of a few bold individuals emerged as especially effective in decreasing mortality of shy snails. The effect of personality on predator escape is thus conditional on group personality composition, indicating that social context can directly impact the survival and success of its individual members, with broad implications for community dynamics. </p>
Impact of Intensive Social Interaction on Post-Stroke Depression in Individuals With Aphasia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04318951. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Data supporting: Drivers of individual-based, antagonistic interaction networks during plant range expansion
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and code from: Sub-surface deformation of individual fingerprint ridges during tactile interactions
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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