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Fig. 15 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 15. Bivariate plot of basal interatheriids (excluding Eopachyrucos) using upper first molar dimensions.

Fig. 13 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 13. Upper cladogram is a consensus of all trees 71 steps or shorter. The labeled nodes are those that persist compared to the consensus tree of 70 steps and shorter (fig. 6). The lower cladogram is a consensus of trees 72 steps and shorter, with persisting nodes labeled.

Fig. 14 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 14. Interathere phylogeny after Reguero et al. (2003b; fig. 8). Reguero et al (2003b) presented two different phylogenies using two different analytic techniques but the topologies of the trees are identical.

Fig. 11. Antepithecus brachystephanus, SGOPV 3604 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 11. Antepithecus brachystephanus, SGOPV 3604 (referred specimen), palate, right and left dP1-dP4, right and left M1, erupting right M2, portions of the right zygoma and rostrum, occlusal view. Azufre Locality.

Fig. 12. Antepithecus brachystephanus, SGOPV 3604 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 12. Antepithecus brachystephanus, SGOPV 3604 (referred specimen), right dP1-dP4, right M1, erupting right M2, portions of the right zygoma and rostrum, right buccal view. Azufre Locality.

Fig. 10 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 10. Ignigena minisculus, new taxon, SGOPV 3167 (referred specimen), left mandible, p1–p3, m1, left buccal view. Tapado Fauna.

Fig. 9 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 9. Ignigena minisculus, new taxon, SGOPV 3167 (referred specimen), left mandible, p1-p3, m1, occlusal view. Tapado Fauna.

Fig. 2 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 2. Johnbell hatcheri, new taxon, SGOPV 3106 (holotype), left maxilla, LI3-M3, occlusal view. Tinguiririca Fauna.

Fig. 5 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 5. Johnbell hatcheri, new taxon, SGOPV 3451 (referred specimen), partial maxillary with RP2-M2, occlusal view. Cachapoal Fauna.

Fig. 7 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 7. Ignigena minisculus, new taxon, SGOPV 3168 (holotype), left maxillary fragment, partial zygoma, C-M3, occlusal view. Tapado Fauna.

Fig. 1 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 1. Map of the central Chilean Andes, illustrating the broad swath of Abanico Formation and equivalent deposits (shaded) and localities/faunas referred to in the text.

Fig. 4 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 4. Johnbell hatcheri, new taxon, SGOPV 2950 (paratype), mandibular symphysis, Ri2-3, Li1- m3, occlusal view. Tinguiririca Fauna.

Fig. 6 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 6. Consensus of 623 equally parsimonious trees of 70 steps (branch and bound search, all characters unordered, equally weighted; for individual trees: CI 5 0.74, RI 50.86). Labeled nodes are referenced from the text. Character states supporting nodes are listed adjacent to the node (if no number is given, it is the single derived state for the character, coded as ''1''). Character states with an asterisk indicate an equivocal condition in which either the most basal member of the clade in question is missing data for that character or the outgroup to that clade is missing the data for that character. Boxed character states represent conditions identified as diagnostic of Interatheriinae sensu Hitz et al., (2000) but are shown in this study to have a broader distribution.

Fig. 3 in New Basal Interatheriidae (Typotheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile

Fig. 3. Johnbell hatcheri, new taxon, SGOPV 3106 (holotype), left maxilla, LI3-M3, buccal view. Tinguiririca Fauna.

FIGURE 4 in Identification of type materials of the species of Protypotherium Ameghino, 1885 and Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) erected by Florentino Ameghino

FIGURE 4. Patriarchus leptocephalus, holotype MACN-A 3989, incomplete skull, in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views. Patriarchus altus, holotype MACN-A 4001, incomplete skull, in ventral (C) and dorsal (D) views. Patriarchus icochiloides, holotype MACN-A 4021, right maxillary fragment with alveolus of P1 and P2–M3, in occlusal view (E); holotype MACN-A 4022, right mandibular fragment with alveoli of p2–3 and p4–m3, in occlusal view (F). Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Identification of type materials of the species of Protypotherium Ameghino, 1885 and Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) erected by Florentino Ameghino

FIGURE 3. Patriarchus palmidens, holotype MACN-A 9651a, mandibular symphysis with right i1–p1 and left i1–2 and the alveolus of i3, in labial (A), occlusal (B) and antero-labial (C) views; reproductions of figures 2 (D), 2a (E) and 2b (F) from Ameghino (1889, plate 15). Patriarchus furculosus, syntype MACN-A 3970, left maxillary fragment with P2–M3, in occlusal view (G); syntype MACN-A 3972, right mandibular fragment with p2–m3, in occlusal view (H); syntype MACN-A 3977, incomplete skull, dorsal view (I). Patriarchus distortus, holotype MACN-A 9634 to MACN-A 9638: MACN-A 9634, skull, ventral (J) and dorsal (K) views; MACN-A 9636, proximal epiphysis of right femur, in anterior view (L); MACN-A 9637 and MACN-A 9638, proximal epiphyses of right tibia and fibula, articulated with the distal epiphysis of right femur, in lateral view (M). Patriarchus rectus, holotype MACN-A 4005, right maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with alveolus of C and series P1–M3, in occlusal view (N); holotype MACN-A 4006, left maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with M1–3, in occlusal view (O); holotype MACN-A 4007, mandibular fragment with incomplete symphysis, broken alveoli of left and right i1-2 and complete left i3–m3 series, in occlusal view (P). Patriarchus diastematus, holotype MACN-A 4044, two maxillae with alveoli of C–P1 and right P2–M3 and left P2–M2, in occlusal view (Q). Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Identification of type materials of the species of Protypotherium Ameghino, 1885 and Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) erected by Florentino Ameghino

FIGURE 2. Protypotherium attenuatum, syntype MACN-A 524, left maxilla with P2–M3 but lacking P1, in occlusal view (A); syntype MACN-A 628, right fragmented mandible with alveoli of i1–3 and c (broken)–m1 but lacking m2–3, in labial (B) and occlusal (C) views; reproductions of figures 21 (D), 20 (E) and 20a (F) from Ameghino (1889, plate 14). Protypotherium obstructum, holotype MACN-A 1677, lower premolar in labial, oclusal and lingual views (G); reproduction of figure 19 (H) from Ameghino (1889, plate 15). Protypotherium claudum, holotype MACN-A 551, right mandibular fragment with alveolus of p2 and p3–m2, in labial (I) and occlusal (J) views; reproductions of figures 22 (K) and 22a (L) from Ameghino (1889, plate 14). Protypotherium globosum, holotype MACN-A 4049, skull, in ventral (M) and dorsal (N) views. Protypotherium convexidens, holotype MACN-A 4054, right maxillary fragment with P3–M2 (broken), in occlusal view (O). Protypotherium diversidens, holotype MACN-A 4052, right maxillary fragment with alveolus of P1 and P2–M3, in occlusal view (P). Protypotherium compressidens, holotype MACN-A 4029, left maxillary fragment with P3–M3, in occlusal view (Q); holotype MACN-A 4030, left mandibular fragment with p4 (talonid)–m3, in occlusal view (R). Protypotherium lineare, holotype MACN-A 4039, right mandibular fragment with alveolus of p1 and p2–m1, in occlusal view (S); holotype MACN-A 4038, left mandibular fragment with p3–m2, in occlusal view (T). Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 1. Protypotherium antiquum, lectotype ZMK 21 in Identification of type materials of the species of Protypotherium Ameghino, 1885 and Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) erected by Florentino Ameghino

FIGURE 1. Protypotherium antiquum, lectotype ZMK 21/1877, right mandibular fragment with p4-m3, in labial (A) and occlusal (B) views; reproductions of figures 1 (C) and 1a (D) from Ameghino (1889, plate 15); and MACN-A 1288, cast of lectotype, in labial (E) and occlusal (F) views. Protypotherium australe, MACN-A 1338, cast of the holotype, in occlusal view (G). Protypotherium praerutilum, holotype MACN-A 1081, incomplete skull, in ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views; holotype MACN-A 1082, incomplete mandible, in lateral (J) and occlusal (K) views; reproductions of figures 6 (L) and 6a (M) from Ameghino (1889, plate 14); reproductions of figures 7 (N) and 7a (O) from Ameghino (1889, plate 14). Scale bar = 10 mm.

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FIGURE 6 in On the type materials of the genera Interatherium Ameghino, 1887 and Icochilus Ameghino, 1889 (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from early Miocene of the Santa Cruz Province, Argentina

FIGURE 6. Icochilus multidentatus, lectotype MACN-A 3637, right maxilla with alveolus of extra tooth and C and dP1–M3, in occlusal view (A); paralectotype MACN-A 3638, right mandibular fragment with dp1–4 and m1–3, in oclusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Icochilus hegetotheroides, holotype MACN-A 9855, incomplete skull, anterior view of the premaxilla with labial view of both I1 (D) and right lateral view (E); holotype MACN-A 9856, incomplete mandible, in occlusal (F) and left lateral (G) views. Icochilus ulter, holotype MACN-A 11601, right mandibular fragment with p3–m3, in oclusal (H) and labial (I) views. Scale bar = 10 mm.