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32 results for “Interior Highlands”
Fig. 4 in Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient
Fig. 4. Changes in reproductive traits of female Heterandria bimaculata along an elevational gradient in Cusuco National Park, Honduras in summer 2013. Points represent actual values. Dashed lines represent fitted means from linear mixed models, accounting for nested effects of individual variability within sites, and total length of individuals. No fitted line is presented for reproductive allotment because this variable did not change significantly along the elevational gradient.
Fig. 3 in Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient
Fig. 3. Changes in physicochemical parameters of streams along an elevation gradient in Cusuco National Park, Honduras in summer 2013.
Fig. 2 in Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient
Fig. 2. Relationships between male and female body weights, embryo counts, ovary weights and total length of Heterandria bimaculata in Cusuco National Park, Honduras in summer 2013.
Fig. 1 in Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient
Fig. 1. (A) Mainland Central America, with a square representing the inset of (B), Cusuco National Park (gray) within the río Motagua (Guatemala) and río Chamelecón/Ulúa (Honduras) basins. (C) Sites (black dots) sampled from upstream to downstream on 6 tributaries to the río Motagua (west side) and río Ulua (east side) in Cusuco National Park, Honduras, Central America.
Limited hybridization and introgression despite stocking among endemic Interior Highlands black basses (Centrarchidae: Micropterus)
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>Smallmouth Bass (<em>Micropterus</em> <em>dolomieu</em>; SMB) are globally popular among anglers and have been widely introduced (i.e., stocked) for population management and sportfishing. Importantly, stocking was prevalent before cryptic diversity within the SMB complex was known, which now includes three newly elevated species: Neosho Bass (<em>M</em>. <em>velox</em>; NB), Little River Bass (<em>M</em>. sp. cf. <em>dolomieu</em> Little River; LRB), and Ouachita Bass (<em>M</em>. sp. cf. <em>dolomieu</em> Ouachita River; OB). We sought to quantify population structure and hybridization and introgression in these three recently described species.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Species-level diversity, particularly in the basin-restricted LRB and OB in the Ouachita Mountains within the Central Interior Highlands (CIH), North America, suggests the presence of distinct genetic variation that could be eroded by introgression. </p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We estimated interspecific introgression and intraspecific population differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass species complex (SMB-C) using 472 specimens comprising SMB, NB, LRB, and OB, including the naturally sympatric Spotted Bass (<em>M</em>. <em>punctulatus</em>; SPB). Genomic samples were genotyped on a SNP panel of 192 loci designed to detect allele-sharing on multiple hierarchical levels. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>We found low range-wide hybridization between species in the SMB-C and SPB (mostly SMB-C backcrosses), and interspecific heterozygosity varied, indicating differential introgression. Range-wide hybridization between species in the CIH and SMB was similar overall (but mostly F<sub>2</sub> and CIH backcrosses) and was observed in streams with known SMB stocking in connected reservoirs. Interspecific heterozygosity in SMB hybrids was also generally lower, indicating later-generation backcrosses. We found strong population structure in the Ouachita Mountains (LRB and OB). </p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Despite isolated incidences of natural (SPB) and human-mediated (SMB) introgression, genomic identity appears intact in endemic LRB and OB, suggesting potential ecological or behavioral isolating mechanisms preventing cross-species reproduction. Our findings reveal that genetic variation remains in cryptic, basin-restricted species in the Ouachita Mountains ecoregion that may be managed for long-term conservation.</p>
Limited hybridization and introgression despite stocking among endemic Interior Highlands black basses (Centrarchidae: Micropterus)
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Data from: Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, U.S.A. 50 years after translocation
Bottlenecks, founder events, and genetic drift often result in decreased genetic diversity and increased population differentiation. These events may follow abundance declines due to natural or anthropogenic perturbations, where translocations may be an effective conservation strategy to increase population size. American black bears (Ursus americanus) were nearly extirpated from the Central Interior Highlands, USA by 1920. In an effort to restore bears, 254 individuals were translocated from Minnesota, USA and Manitoba, Canada, into the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains from 1958 to 1968. Using 15 microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes, we observed contemporary genetic diversity and differentiation between the source and supplemented populations. We inferred four genetic clusters: Source, Ouachitas, Ozarks, and a cluster in Missouri where no individuals were translocated. Coalescent models using approximate Bayesian computation identified an admixture model as having the highest posterior probability (0.942) over models where the translocation was unsuccessful or acted as a founder event. Nuclear genetic diversity was highest in the source (A = 9.11) and significantly lower in the translocated populations (A = 7.07 - 7.34; P = 0.004). The Missouri cluster had the lowest genetic diversity (A = 5.48) and served as a natural experiment showing the utility of translocations to increase genetic diversity following demographic bottlenecks. Differentiation was greater between the two admixed populations than between the source, suggesting that genetic drift acted strongly over the eight generations since the translocation. The Ouachitas and Missouri were previously hypothesized to be remnant lineages. We observed a pre-translocation remnant signature in Missouri but not in the Ouachitas.
FIGURE 9 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 9. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909). Ventrodistal adult palp, showing the tarsus appearing as a flat disc.
FIGURE 8 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 8. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909). Schematic reconstruction of female reproductive system.
FIGURE 7 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 7. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909). Anogenital developmental sequence. Internal structures represented by dotted lines. a—larva. b—protonymph. c—deutonymph. d—tritonymph. e—adult female. f—adult male.
Fig. 3 in Anillinus alleni Sokolov and Carlton (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini), a New Species from the Ozark Interior Highlands of Arkansas, USA
Fig. 3. Habitus and internal genitalia of Anillinus alleni. A) Habitus, B) Aedeagal median lobe, right lateral view, C) Left paramere, left lateral view, D) Right paramere, right lateral view, E) Spermatheca and apical part of spermathecal gland, F) Female right ovipositor sclerites, dorsal view. bl = blade of gonocoxite 2; dpc = distal part of cornu; dr = dorsal ridge of median lobe; ds = dorsal sclerites of median lobe; es = ensiform setae; esp = endofallic spines of median lobe; gc1 = gonoxocite 1; gc2 = gonocoxite 2; lt = laterotergite; n = nodulus; ns = nematiform seta; ppc = proximal part of cornu; sg = spermathecal gland; sp = spermatheca. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B = 0.2 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Anillinus alleni Sokolov and Carlton (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini), a New Species from the Ozark Interior Highlands of Arkansas, USA
Fig. 2. SEM illustrations of structural features of the legs of Anillinus alleni. A) Left foreleg, male, dorsal view, B) Right mesotibia, female, ventral view, C) Left metatibia, male, ventro-lateral view, D) Left metatibia, female, medial view. as = adhesive seta; msb = mesotibial brush; msms = mesotibial modified seta; mss = mesotibial spur; mtb = metatibial brush; mts = metatibial spur; mtts = metatibial modified setae; ta1-ta3 = protarsomeres 1–3; tbn = tibial notch. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 4 in Anillinus alleni Sokolov and Carlton (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini), a New Species from the Ozark Interior Highlands of Arkansas, USA
Fig. 4. Locality records for Anillinus species from the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains: A. alleni – red star; A. aleyae – white diamonds; A. magazinensis Sokolov and Carlton – white circles; A. lescheni – white triangle; A. robisoni Sokolov and Carlton – white flowers; A. stephani Sokolov and Carlton – black square; A. tishechkini Sokolov and Carlton – white squares (Sokolov et al. 2004; Sokolov and Watrous 2008; personal observations).
Fig. 1 in Anillinus alleni Sokolov and Carlton (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini), a New Species from the Ozark Interior Highlands of Arkansas, USA
Fig. 1. SEM images of body parts of Anillinus alleni. A) Head, dorsal view, B) Pronotum, dorsal view, C) Elytra, dorsal view, D) Head, ventral view, E) Prosternum, ventral view, F) Metasternum, ventral view, G) Left and right metafemora, male, H) Right metafemur, female. bm = basal emargination; bs = basolateral pronotal seta; cl = clypeus; cs = clypeal seta; ed2 = scutellar seta; ed3-4, 6 = 1st, 2nd, and 3rd fixed discal setae; ed8 = apical seta; eo1-9 = setae 1–9 from the umbilicate series; fs = frontal seta; ft = frontal tubercle; gsc = glossal sclerite; ipa = intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite 2; lb = labrum; ls = midlaterall pronotal seta; m = mentum; mp3 = maxillary palpomere 3; mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4; ms = mental-submental suture; mscx = mesocoxa; mtcx = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; mtt = metatibia; mttr = metatrochanter; mtv = metaventrite; pep = proepipleuron; pes = proepisternum; pg = paraglossa; prcx = procoxa; ps = prosternum; psp = prosternal process; sct = scutellum; sm = submentum; sp = metafemoral spine; ssa = anterior supraorbital seta; ssp = posterior supraorbital seta. Scale bars: A–B, E–H = 0.2 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D = 0.1 mm.
Data from: Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, U.S.A. 50 years after translocation
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FIGURE 5 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 5. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909), protonymph, dorsum.
FIGURE 6 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 6. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909), larva, dorsum.
FIGURE 1 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 1. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909). Stereomicrographs of specimens in ethanol.
Figure 8 from: South EJ, DeWalt RE, Davis MA, Thomas MJ (2019) A new stonefly species (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from the Interior Highlands USA, with morphological and molecular comparison to other congeneric species. ZooKeys 858: 45-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.858.33818
Figure 8 Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of 44 unique Perlesta CO1 haplotypes using the GTR+I+G nucleotide substitution model. Haplotypes represented by more than one specimen are indicated in parentheses beside corresponding GenBank accession numbers. Outgroup taxa: Beloneuriageorgiana, Perlinelladrymo, and Perlinellaephyre. Posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Scale bar represents the estimated number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 6 from: South EJ, DeWalt RE, Davis MA, Thomas MJ (2019) A new stonefly species (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from the Interior Highlands USA, with morphological and molecular comparison to other congeneric species. ZooKeys 858: 45-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.858.33818
Figure 6 Perlestasublobata sp. nov., egg of paratype female from Little Missouri River, Arkansas (INHS Insect Collection 793316) A entire egg B posterior pole and collar C micropyle. Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 100 µm (B); 10 µm (C).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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