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185 results for “International trade”
Really a nontraded commodity? A look at the international potato trade network (dataset and R code)
<p>This archive contains code and data for a social network analysis of international potato trade that was published at https://perspectivesandforesight.wordpress.com/2012/11/08/really-a-nontraded-commodity-a-look-at-the-international-potato-trade-network/ on 08 November, 2012.</p> <p>It can serve as a reference for understanding the analysis, and as a basis for replication of the results as well as for carrying out more detailed analyses of international potato trade.</p> <p>The following information and data is included:</p> <p>- The R code used for the social network analysis of international potato trade.</p> <p>- Data files with bilateral matrices of global trade in fresh, frozen and seed potatoes.</p> <p>- Data files with supplementary data used for the analysis.</p> <p>- A copy of the original blog post that was written using the data and code provided herewith.</p>
Data and scripts for the study "Resilience of international trade to typhoon-related supply disruptions"
<p>This are the i) input data, ii) final output data, iii) python scripts to reproduce the figures of the study "Resilience of international trade to typhoon-related supply disruptions".</p> <p>i) Input data</p> <p>The input file "routes.nc" provides the geographic transportation network as described in the study.</p> <p>The input data "impacts_*.nc" are necessary to drive simulation runs using the agent-based economic network model Acclimate with the geographic transport network module. The implementation of Acclimate with the geographic transportation module is available as open source on https://github.com/acclimate/acclimate/tree/transport-module with identifier 10.5281/zenodo.7788859.</p> <p>To the derive the input data, the open source file "IBTrACS.WP.v04r00.nc" from IBTrACS as well the Acclimate impact-generator (https://github.com/acclimate/impactgen) is needed. An explanation on the algorithm is given in the study "Resilience of international trade to typhoon-related supply disruptions".</p> <p>ii) Final output</p> <p>The model Acclimate computes, based on the input data, the raw output data. The raw output have in total a volume of over 3.3 Terabyte. We can provide this raw data upon request. However, due to storage space limitations, we will provide in this repository only the regionally and sectorally aggregated output data that were used for the graphs in the paper. These data are described "blocs_*.nc" or "shorts_*.nc"</p> <p> </p> <p>iii) python scripts</p> <p>Using the given python scripts ("*.py" files), the figures of the study "Resilience of international trade to typhoon-related supply disruptions" can be reproduced. The needed input files for the scripts are given under "input data" or "final output". All necessary self-build functions are given in "lib.py" or "regionfinder.py".</p> <p> </p> <p>If any question arise, please contact Dr. Kilian Kuhla under kilian.kuhla@pik-potsdam.de .</p>
Maritime international trade and bioinvasions: a three-year long survey of small mammals in Autonomous Port of Cotonou, Benin
<ol> <li>International trade has been favoring the dissemination of a wide panel of invasive alien species. Upstream prevention through the monitoring of entry points is identified as an appropriate strategy to achieve control of bioinvasions and their consequences. Maritime transports have been responsible for the introduction worldwide of exotic rodents that are major pests for crops and food stocks as well as reservoirs of many zoonotic pathogens. In order to limit further dissemination, the International Health Regulation constrains decision makers and socio-economic stakeholders to manage ship-mediated import/export of rodents within seaports. Unfortunately, eco-evolutionary insights into rodent introduction events that could guide preventive actions in seaports are very scarce.</li> <li>In order to bridge this gap, we here describe the results of a three-year-long survey of small mammals conducted in the Port of Cotonou, Benin, that aims at assessing the spatio-temporal distribution, diversity and relative abundance of invasive and native rodents.</li> <li>960 small mammal individuals were captured in nine within-seaport sites. We found (i) a marked predominance of invasive species (84% of the individuals belonging to <em>Mus</em> <em>musculus</em>, <em>Rattus</em> <em>rattus</em>, <em>R. norvegicus</em>), (ii) with native species (i.e., <em>Mastomys natalensis</em> and the shrew <em>Crocidura olivieri</em>) essentially restricted to peripheral non-industrial areas, as well as (iii) a fine-scale spatial segregation stable over time between the invasive Norway rats and house mice on the one hand, and the black rats and shrews on the other hand.</li> <li>Furthermore, trapping before and after two successive rodent anticoagulant-based control campaigns indicates that they were poorly efficient and that subsequent rodent recolonization occurs 6–12 months following intervention.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Our results are discussed in terms of ecological processes at play (e.g., interspecific interactions) and operational actions that may be implemented to improve rodent control (e.g., assessment of proper eradication units, environmental modifications) and to limit re-infestation (e.g., rat-proofing of moors and buildings).</li> </ol>
Replication files for "Distance(s) and the volatility of international trade(s) (2024)" by Arnaud Mehl, Giulia Sabbadini, Martin Schmitz, and Cedric Tille, European Economic Review 167
<p>Replication files for "Distance(s) and the volatility of international trade(s) (2024)" by Arnaud Mehl, Giulia Sabbadini, Martin Schmitz, and Cedric Tille, European Economic Review 167. Science direct : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292124000862?via%3Dihub</p> <p>Contains three folder, each with detailed steps: </p> <p>-Replication_country_level_results</p> <p>-Replication_product_level_results</p> <p>-Tables_figures</p>
International media coverage of the Bolivian jaguar trade
<p>The trade in jaguar body parts is viewed as an alarming threat to the jaguar, and there is the assumption that Chinese demand is driving the trade. However, there has been little analysis of the discourses around the trade both with respect to the Chinese public, internationally and in source countries. We analysed 298 media articles in Chinese, English and Spanish languages from 2010 to 2019, to understand the disparities in reporting of this jaguar trade and what impact they would have for jaguar conservation. Temporal analysis showed that this trade did not receive global media attention until 2018, despite having taken place for a couple of years. Only four (teeth, skin, head and claws) out of the 15 body parts reported to have been traded had evidence of trade based on seizures. Jaguars were viewed positively, while the experiences of local people who suffer losses from coexisting with jaguars were rarely captured. The claim that the trade was Chinese-driven was strongly and positively associated with whether seizure and arrest evidence was presented in an article, though articles held different views on if Chinese companies were involved. English and Spanish language articles stated that traditional Chinese medicine was the main use of the jaguar body parts and were more likely to mention that this trade was Chinese-driven; while journalistic investigations and narratives from within China were missing. This research highlights the evidence gap with respect to media coverage of the jaguar trade, and stresses the need to collaborate with stakeholders whose voices are less prominent in the articles analysed, such as Chinese communities and local people who live around jaguars.</p>
Data for How to estimate whether preferential trade agreements contribute to international environmental impact shifting. A new methodology and empirical illustration for Switzerland
<p>Raw and processed data for the paper "<em>How to estimate whether preferential trade agreements contribute to international environmental impact shifting. A new methodology and empirical illustration for Switzerland"</em></p> <p>The raw trade data file is named TradeDataAggregated.rds</p> <p>The raw greenhouse gas footprint data is contained in Output_all.xlsx</p>
International corporations trading Brazilian soy are keystone actors for water stewardship
<p>Transnational corporations play a major, but poorly constrained, role in reallocating global water resources. Here, we couple high-resolution, company-specific trade data with hydrological and crop models to estimate the virtual water trade of the top 10 transnational corporations that trade Brazilian soy. We identify 4429 virtual water flows connecting 1620 Brazilian municipalities with the top-10 soy importing countries and find that the total virtual water flow increased from 43 billion m<sup>3</sup> to 100 billion m<sup>3</sup> between 2004 and 2018. We find that the largest soy traders displace on average twice as much virtual water as top-importing countries, excluding China. For example, in 2018 Bunge Limited exported 15 Gm<sup>3</sup>, almost tripling the Netherlands's virtual water import (the second largest importer at about 5 Gm<sup>3</sup>). Our findings highlight the importance of transnational corporations for achieving water stewardship and sustainable supply chains to support water resource security at municipal and international scales.</p>
Shifting Dynamics in International Trade Networks: A Longitudinal Analysis of Major Exporting Economies (1992-2020): A case of the US, China, India, Japan and South Korea
<p>This article aims to analyze the changes in trading networks by bringing out aspects of centrality and reciprocity among participating countries. The research considers the trade relations of five export countries, namely, The U.S., China, India, Japan, and South Korea from 1992 to 2020. We examine whether trade networks are truly becoming more bidirectional over the long term and how the political and economic crises that have occurred in the past 30 years affect the structure of trade networks. The article presents key findings on the changes in the network structure of international trade over the past 30 years. The network structure has become more reciprocal for most product categories, and the center of the trade network has shifted from the United States to China. The analysis also demonstrated that the center of the network has shifted from U to C for all product categories, except for raw materials. The study also highlights the significant impact of global events and crises on the international trade network structure, emphasizing the importance of considering geopolitical events and economic shocks in understanding trade dynamics.</p>
Maritime international trade and bioinvasions: a three-year long survey of small mammals in Autonomous Port of Cotonou, Benin
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International media coverage of the Bolivian jaguar trade
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Data from: Economics, life history and international trade data for seven turtle species in Malaysia and Indonesian farms
<p class="Body"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We collected data on the wildlife trade of seven turtle and tortoise species endemic to Indonesia and Malaysia (<i>Amyda cartilaginea</i>, <i>Batagur borneoensis</i>, <i>Cuora amboinensis</i>, <i>Carettochelys insculpta</i>, <i>Heosemys annandalii</i>, <i>Heosemys grandis</i>, and <i>Heosemys spinosa</i>). We collated data for: the operations and economics of three breeding farms and one ranching facility; species life-history traits; and species international legal trade and confiscation data. We collected data for the facilities (one in Malaysia and three in Indonesia) using field visits and a semi-structured questionnaire. We conducted a literature review to compile relevant information on species' life-history traits to estimate breeding viability. We downloaded species-specific data on international trade from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Trade Database for the exporting countries (Malaysia and Indonesia) for 2000–2015. We compared legal trade with confiscation data obtained from <span><span>CITES. </span></span>The data in this article can provide insights into the operations of turtle breeding farms in Southeast Asia. The data can be used as a reference for the inspection of breeding farms and for legislative bodies to determine whether captive breeding for select turtle species is feasible.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
INTERNATIONAL TRADE DATA
<p>The supplementary file contains the international trade data, textile and clothing export-import data for India, EU, China and Bangladesh. It also includes the GDP and Population data for India and the EU.</p>
Database International Trade Shows and Twitter
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Assessing candidate DNA barcodes for Chinese and internationally traded timber species
<p>Accurate identification of species from timber is an essential step to help control illegal logging and forest loss. However, current approaches to timber identification based on morphological and anatomical characteristics have limited species resolution. DNA barcoding is a proven tool for plant species identification, but there is a need to build reliable reference data across broad taxonomic and spatial scales. Here, we construct a species barcoding library consisting of 1,550 taxonomically diverse timber species from 656 genera and 124 families, representing a comprehensive genetic reference data set for Chinese timber species and international commercial traded timber species, using four barcodes (<i>rbc</i>L, <i>mat</i>K, <i>trn</i>H–<i>psb</i>A, and ITS2). The ITS2 fragment was found to be the most efficient locus for Chinese timber species identification among the four barcodes tested, both at the species and genus level, despite its low recovery rate. Nevertheless, the barcode combination <i>mat</i>K+<i>trn</i>H–<i>psb</i>A+ITS2 was required as a complementary barcode to distinguish closely related species in complex datasets involving internationally traded timber species. Comparative analyses of family-level discrimination and species/genus ratios indicated that the inclusion of closely related species is an important factor affecting the resolution ability of barcodes for timber species verification. Our study indicates that although nuclear ITS2 is the most efficient single barcode for timber species authentication in China, complementary combinations like <i>mat</i>K+<i>trn</i>H–<i>psb</i>A+ITS2 are required to provide broader discrimination power. These newly-generated sequences enrich the existing publicly available databases, especially for tropical and subtropical evergreen timber trees and this current timber species barcode reference library can serve as an important genetic resource for forestry monitoring, illegal logging prosecution and biodiversity projects.</p>
Supplementary material 9 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Unconstrained ordination of wing band areas: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing band areas between males and females (a) Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis rosa and (b) genotypic clusters A, F1, F2, R1, R2.
Supplementary material 8 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Unconstrained ordination of wing landmarks: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing landmarks between males and females (a) Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis rosa and (b) genotypic clusters A, F1, F2, R1, R2.
Supplementary material 6 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Preliminary methodological experiment: unconstrained ordination of wing band areas: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing band areas of 14 Ceratitis rosa specimens across sexes, wings (LW: left wing, RW: right wing), repeated images of the same wing (1, 2), repeated measures of the same image (A, B).
Supplementary material 4 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Wing landmarks and wing band areas: Explanation note: Position of wing landmarks and wing band areas (numbers according to Suppl. material 3).
Supplementary material 3 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Wing landmarks and wing band areas: Explanation note: List of wing landmarks and wing band areas considered in this study.
Supplementary material 2 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Map of sampling locations: Explanation note: Number of sampled specimens for each morphospecies are indicated in parentheses.
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