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11 results for “Irish potato”
Irish Potato Imagery Dataset for Early Detection of Crop Diseases
<p>The annotated dataset consists of irish potatoes leaf imagery for early diseases detection. The irish potato crop leaves images were taken in Mbeya region in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania between 22<sup>nd</sup> November 2022 and 08<sup>th</sup> April 2023 using a mobile data collection tool, called the Open Data Kit (ODK). The crop leaf imagery dataset use case is developing machine learning models and end-user tools for early detection of (i) Early blight, and (ii) Late blight diseases in irish potatoes. The common leaf imagery data was collected from small holder farms using Samsung Galaxy A03 Core smartphones. </p> <p>All images are in the <strong>.zip files</strong>; “lateblt.zip” has 20,499 images, “healthy.zip” has 20,438 images, and “earlyblt.zip” has 17,772 images. A total of 58,709 image files are labelled.</p> <p>This research project is financially supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) through the Artificial Intelligence for Agriculture and Food Systems Innovation Research Network (AI4AFS-IRN) administered by the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) with Grant Award Number: AI4AFS/GA/AFS-2504001568.</p>
The effector secretome of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans
<p>Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes. Haas et al. (2009) reported the sequence of the 240 megabases (Mb) genome of P. infestans. In this dataset we provide an annotated list of candidate effectors that we identified in the proteome of P. infestans T30-4 (Haas et al. 2009). We have frozen this list since 2015 and we reference all the effectors with “PITG_xxxxx” numbers from this list. The proteins can be cross-referenced to the GenBank sequences using these PITG_xxxxx numbers. The matching GenBank accession for the genome assembly is GCA_000142945.1. We also provide here the assembly and gtf files.</p> <p>Reference:</p> <p><a href="https://kamounlab.dreamhosters.com/pdfs/Nature_09.pdf">Haas, B.J., Kamoun, S., Zody, M.C., Jiang, R.H.Y., Handsaker, R.E., Cano, L.M., Grabherr, M., Kodira, C.D., Raffaele, S., Torto-Alalibo, T., Bozkurt, T.O., Ah-Fong, A.M.V., Alvarado, L., Anderson, V.L., Armstrong, M.R., Avrova, A., Baxter, L., Beynon, J., Boevink, P.C., Bollmann, S.R., Bos, J.I.B., Bulone, V., Cai, G., Cakir, C., Carrington, J.C., Chawner, M., Conti, L., Costanzo, S., Ewan, R., Fahlgren, N., Fischbach, M.A., Fugelstad, J., Gilroy, E.M., Gnerre, S., Green, P.J., Grenville-Briggs, L.J., Griffith, J., Grunwald, N.J., Horn, K., Horner, N.R., Hu, C.-H., Huitema, E., Jeong, D.-H., Jones, A.M.E., Jones, J.D.G., Jones, R.W., Karlsson, E.K., Kunjeti, S.G., Lamour, K., Liu, Z., Ma, L., MacLean, D., Chibucos, M.C., McDonald, H., McWalters, J., Meijer, H.J.G., Morgan, W., Morris, P.F., Munro, C.A., O'Neill, K., Ospina-Giraldo, M., Pinzon, A., Pritchard, L., Ramsahoye, B., Ren, Q., Restrepo, S., Roy, S., Sadanandom, A., Savidor, A., Schornack, S., Schwartz, D.C., Schumann, U.D., Schwessinger, B., Seyer, L., Sharpe, T., Silvar, C., Song, J., Studholme, D.J., Sykes, S., Thines, M., van de Vondervoort, P.J.I., Phuntumart, V., Wawra, S., Weide, R., Win, J., Young, C., Zhou, S., Fry, W., Meyers, B.C., van West, P., Ristaino, J., Govers, F., Birch, P.R.J., Whisson, S.C., Judelson, H.S., and Nusbaum, C. 2009. Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Nature 461:393-398.</a></p>
Data from: Rapid adaptation of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans to changing temperature
<p>Temperature plays a multidimensional role in host-pathogen interactions. As an important element of climate change, elevated world temperature resulting from global warming presents new challenges to sustainable disease management. Knowledge of pathogen adaptation to global warming is needed to predict future disease epidemiology and formulate mitigating strategies. In this study, 21 <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> isolates originating from seven thermal environments were acclimated for 200 days under stepwise increase or decrease of experimental temperatures and evolutionary responses of the isolates to the thermal changes were evaluated. We found temperature acclimation significantly increased the fitness and genetic adaptation of <i>P. infestans </i>isolates at both low and high temperatures. Low temperature acclimation enforced the counter-gradient adaptation of the pathogen to its past selection and enhanced the positive association between the pathogen's intrinsic growth rate and aggressiveness. At high temperatures we found that pathogen growth collapsed near the maximum temperature for growth, suggesting a thermal niche boundary may exist in the evolutionary adaptation of <i>P. infestans.</i> These results indicate that pathogens can quickly adapt to temperature shifts in global warming. If this is associated with environmental conditions favouring pathogen spread it will threaten future food security and human health and require the establishment of mitigating actions.</p>
Data from: Persistence of the mitochondrial lineage responsible for the Irish potato famine in extant New World Phytophthora infestans
The plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans emerged in Europe in 1845, triggering the Irish potato famine and massive European potato crop losses that continued until effective fungicides were widely employed in the 20th century. Today the pathogen is ubiquitous, with more aggressive and virulent strains surfacing in recent decades. Recently, complete P. infestans mitogenome sequences from 19th-century herbarium specimens were shown to belong to a unique lineage (HERB-1) predicted to be rare or extinct in modern times. We report 44 additional P. infestans mitogenomes: four from 19th-century Europe, three from 1950s U.K. and 34 from modern populations across the New World. We use phylogenetic analyses to identify the HERB-1 lineage in modern populations from both Mexico and South America, and to demonstrate distinct mitochondrial haplotypes were present in 19th-century Europe, with this lineage initially diversifying 75 years before the first reports of potato late blight.
Effect of Project Management Practices on the Improvement of Irish Potatoes Value Chain Project: A Case of SDGP Project in Musanze District, Rwanda (2020-2022)
<p><span>This study investigates the impact of project management practices on the improvement of the Irish potatoes value chain project in Musanze District, Rwanda. It focuses on assessing the effects of project planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation on the project's success. Using a census method due to a small target population of 135, which included SDGP staff and local agricultural representatives, the study utilized both primary and secondary data, analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS.</span></p> <p><span>The results indicate that project management practices, particularly planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation, have a strong positive correlation with project improvement. However, the study also highlights some areas of concern, such as inadequate detailed planning and beneficiary involvement. With an R-squared value of .862, these practices explain 86.2% of the variations in project improvement.</span></p> <p><span>Conclusively, the study affirms that effective project management significantly enhances the Irish potatoes value chain project in Musanze District. Recommendations include refining the planning process, enhancing beneficiary involvement, improving risk management during implementation, and ensuring effective communication and use of monitoring and evaluation findings to foster better project outcomes.</span></p> <p><span>Top of Form</span></p> <p><strong><span>Key words:</span></strong><span> </span><span>project management practices, project improvement, project planning, project </span></p>
Data from: Trade-offs and evolution of thermal adaptation in the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans
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Data from: Persistence of the mitochondrial lineage responsible for the Irish potato famine in extant New World Phytophthora infestans
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Data from: Rapid adaptation of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans to changing temperature
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Data from: The coexistence of generalist and specialist clonal lineages in natural populations of the Irish Famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans explains local adaptation to potato and tomato
Phytophthora infestans, causing late blight on Solanaceae, is a serious threat to potato and tomato crops worldwide. P. infestans populations sampled on either potato or tomato differ in genotypes and pathogenicity, suggesting niche exclusion in the field. We hypothesized that such niche separation can reflect differential host exploitation by different P. infestans genotypes. We thus compared genotypes and phenotypes in 21 isolates sampled on potato (n = 11) or tomato (n = 10). Typing at 12 microsatellite loci assigned potato isolates to the 13_A2, 6_A1 and 1_A1 lineages, and tomato isolates to the 23_A1, 2_A1 and unclassified multi-locus genotypes. Cross-inoculations on potato and tomato leaflets showed that all isolates were pathogenic on both hosts. However: tomato isolates performed much better on tomato than did potato isolates, which performed better on potato than did tomato isolates, thus revealing a clear pattern of local adaptation. Potato isolates were significantly fitter on potato than on tomato, and are best described as potato-specialists; tomato isolates appear to be generalists, with similar pathogenicity on both hosts. Niche separation in the field may thus result mainly from the large fitness gap on tomato between generalists and unadapted potato-specialists, while the small, but significant fitness difference on potato between both types of isolates may prevent population invasion by generalists. Extreme specialization to potato seems very costly relative to performance loss on the alternative host. This study therefore shows that local adaptation and niche separation, commonly expected to involve and generate specialists, can occur with generalists.
Data from: An effector of the Irish potato famine pathogen antagonizes a host autophagy cargo receptor
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Data from: The coexistence of generalist and specialist clonal lineages in natural populations of the Irish Famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans explains local adaptation to potato and tomato
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