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44 results for “Iron Ore”
FeM dataset – An iron ore labeled images dataset for segmentation training and testing
<p>This dataset is composed of 81 pairs of correlated images. Each pair contains one image of an iron ore sample acquired through reflected light microscopy (RGB, 24-bit), and the corresponding binary reference image (8-bit), in which the pixels are labeled as belonging to one of two classes: ore (0) or embedding resin (255).</p> <p>The sample came from an itabiritic iron ore concentrate from Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Brazil) mainly composed of hematite and quartz, with little magnetite and goethite. It was classified by size and concentrated with a dense liquid. Then, the fraction -149+105 μm with density greater than 3.2 was cold mounted with epoxy resin and subsequently ground and polished.</p> <p>Correlative microscopy was employed for image acquisition. Thus, 81 fields were imaged on a reflected light microscope with a 10× (NA 0.20) objective lens and on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In sequence, they were registered, resulting in images of 999×756 pixels with a resolution of 1.05 µm/pixel. Finally, the images from SEM were thresholded to generate the reference images.</p> <p>Further description of this sample and its imaging procedure can be found in the work by Gomes and Paciornik (2012).</p> <p>This dataset was created for developing and testing deep learning models on semantic segmentation tasks. The paper of Filippo et al. (2021) presented a variant of the DeepLabv3+ model that reached mean values of 91.43% and 93.13% for overall accuracy and F1 score, respectively, for 5 rounds of experiments (training and testing), each with a different, random initialization of network weights.</p> <p>For further questions and suggestions, please do not hesitate to contact us.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact email</strong>: ogomes@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>If you use this dataset in your own work, please cite this DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5014700</p> <p> </p> <p>Please also cite this paper, which provides additional details about the dataset:</p> <p>Michel Pedro Filippo, Otávio da Fonseca Martins Gomes, Gilson Alexandre Ostwald Pedro da Costa, Guilherme Lucio Abelha Mota. <em>Deep learning semantic segmentation of opaque and non-opaque minerals from epoxy resin in reflected light microscopy images</em>. <strong>Minerals Engineering</strong>, Volume 170, 2021, 107007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107007.</p> <p> </p>
Techno-economic model of Methane pyrolysis in liquid metal bubble column reactor for hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore
<p>Reducing emissions from the iron and steel industry is essential to achieve the Paris climate goals.A new system to reduce the carbon footprint of steel production is proposed in this article by coupling hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DRI) and natural gas pyrolysis on the liquid metal surface inside a bubble column reactor. If grid electricity from the EU is used, the emissions would be 435 kgCO\textsubscript{2}/tls without considering methane leakage from the extraction, storage, and transport of natural gas. Solid carbon, produced as a by-product of natural gas decomposition, finds applications in many industrial sectors, including as a replacement for coal in coke ovens. The specific energy consumption (SEC) of the proposed system is approximately 6.3 MWh per ton of liquid steel(tls).It is higher than other competing technologies,3.48 MWh/tls for water electrolysis based DRI, and 4.3-4.5 MWh/tls for natural gas-based DRI and blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) respectively. The utilization of large quantities of natural gas, where the carbon remains unused, is the major reason for the high SEC. Preliminary analysis of the system revealed that it has the potential to compete with existing technologies to produce CO\textsubscript{2}free steel, if renewable electricity is used. Further studies on the kinetics of the bubble column reactor, H-DRI shaft furnace, design, and sizing of components, along with the building of industrial prototypes are required to improve the understanding of the system performance.</p>
Supporting data (cave length, area and volume) - Bats as ecosystem engineers in iron ore caves in the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazonia
<p>Supporting data for the manuscript "Bats as ecosystem engineers in iron ore caves in the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazonia", in PLOS ONE. Cave length (PH: horizontal projection, in meters), cave area (Área, in square meters) and cave volume (Volume, in cubic meters) for 1,309 caves in the Carajás National Forest area, Pará State, Brazilian Amazonia.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Stemmiulus brasiliensis n. sp., a new species of millipede from Brazilian iron ore caves (Diplopoda: Stemmiulida: Stemmiulidae)
FIGURE 5. Microscopic images of male paratype of Stemmiulus brasiliensis sp. nov. (ISLA 3701). A) and B) gonopod. Abbreviations: Sg = seminal groove; Ag = angiocoxite; K = colpocoxite; Ma = Membranous area. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Stemmiulus brasiliensis n. sp., a new species of millipede from Brazilian iron ore caves (Diplopoda: Stemmiulida: Stemmiulidae)
FIGURE 3. Schematic drawings of head of Stemmiulus brasiliensis sp. nov. A) Male paratype; B) Female paratype.
FIGURE 2 in Stemmiulus brasiliensis n. sp., a new species of millipede from Brazilian iron ore caves (Diplopoda: Stemmiulida: Stemmiulidae)
FIGURE 2. Stemmiulus brasiliensis sp. nov., A) live paratype female; B) anterior part of body, a fixed paratype female.
FIGURE 1 in Stemmiulus brasiliensis n. sp., a new species of millipede from Brazilian iron ore caves (Diplopoda: Stemmiulida: Stemmiulidae)
FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Stemmiulus brasiliensis sp. nov. A) map of Brazil; B) Amazonas and Pará State. Green star refers to the species S. adisi, S. amazonicus, S. wellingtoni, all from near Manaus city, Amazonas State, and yellow star referes to S. brasiliensis sp. nov. (Curionópolis, Pará State); C) the "Serra Pelada" region where the species was observed in the year 2006, showing the progress of industrial impacts on the region; C) the same region in the year 2013. The location of the caves is given as white stars.
FIGURE 4 in Stemmiulus brasiliensis n. sp., a new species of millipede from Brazilian iron ore caves (Diplopoda: Stemmiulida: Stemmiulidae)
FIGURE 4. Microscopic images of male paratype of Stemmiulus brasiliensis sp. nov. (ISLA 3701). A) Second pair of legs in oral view and B) Second pair of legs in caudal view; C) Third pair of legs; D) Detail of tarsus of third pair. Scale bar: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Cx = coxae; Pf = prefemur; F = femur; Psf = postfemur; Tb = tibia; T = tarsus; Ss = spatulate setae; Cs = coxosternite; Lcs = coxosternal lobe; Pcs = coxosternal process; 1° Tp = first telopoditomere; 2° Tp = second telopoditomere. Scale bar: 0.1 mm. The roman numbers indicate the sequence of spatulate setae.
FIGURE 10 in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 10. (A) Cave N5SM2-046, one of the caves localities where C. amazonicus sp. n. was found. (B–C) Cave SL-0074, type locality of C. spinifemur sp. n.
FIGURE 9. Principal Component Analysis showing morphometric data from C in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 9. Principal Component Analysis showing morphometric data from C. spinifemur new species (red dots); C. amazonicus new species (green triangles) and C. tapiaguassu (purple dots): AL, Antenna length; OBL, Overall body length; HL, Head length; HW, Head width; PL, Pronotum length; PW, Pronotum width; EL, Elytra length; EW, Elytra width; PF, Profemur length; PTI, Protibia length; PTA, Protarsus length; MSF, Mesofemur length; MSTI, Mesotibia length; MSTA, Mesotarsus length; MTF, Metafemur length; MTTI, Metatibia length; MTTA, Metatarsus length.
FIGURE 8 in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 8. (A–D) Occurrence area of C. amazonicus new species (green balls), Coarazuphium tapiaguassu (yellow balls) and C. spinifemur new species (red ball); (A) South America; (B) Para State with geomorphological units in detail; (C) Geomorphological unit of Serra Norte in green and Geomorphological unit of Serra Leste in pink (black dots represents the three Coarazuphium species distribution; (D) C. amazonicus spatial distribution in geomorphological unit of Serra Norte; (E) C. tapiaguassu and C. spinifemur spatial distribution in geomorphological unit of Serra Leste; (F) Live specimen of C. amazonicus sp. n.; (G) Live specimen of C. tapiaguassu, and (H) Fixed specimen of C. spinifemur sp. n.
FIGURE 7 in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 7. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species, female paratype. (A) Reproductive tract, ventral aspect, in blue are represented latero tergite, in red gonocoxite 1 and in green gonocoxite 2, Scale bar = 0.6 mm. (B) Reproductive tract, ventral aspect, Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Gonocoxites lateroventral aspect, Scale bar = 0.15 mm. (C) Gonocoxites, laterodorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.15 mm. Legend: bc, bursa copulatrix; bs, bursal sacculus; co, common oviduct; sp, spermatheca; gc1, gonocoxite 1; gc2, gonocoxite 2; Lt, latero tergite; ans, apical nematiform seta; mpp, marginal pit pegs.
FIGURE 6 in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 6. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species, male holotype Aedeagus, (A) genital segment, left lateral aspect, (B) genital segment, left lateral aspect, (C) left lateral aspect, (D) dorsal aspect and (E) right lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 5. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species, male holotype. (A) head, pronotum and prothorax, lateral aspect. (B) prothorax, ventral aspect. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 2. Coarazuphium spinifemur new species, male holotype. (A) Head, pronotum and prothorax, lateral aspect. (B) Prothorax, ventral aspect. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini)
FIGURE 4. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species. (A) Habitus, dorsal aspect, male holotype. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (B) Detail of hind wing, female paratype 2.
FIGURE 14 in A new troglobitic species of Metopioxys (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Brazilian iron ore caves
FIGURE 14. Map where the specimens of Metopioxys carajas sp. nov. were collected. The code numbers on the map represent the names of the caves.
FIGURE 5. P. s p e l a e a n in The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae)
FIGURE 5. P. s p e l a e a n. sp., holotype male (ISLA 3797), stereoscope images. A: Schematic drawing of the first male leg pair; B: Schematic drawing of the gonopod (oral view). Abbreviations: Prf = pre-femur; P = process; F = femur; Cx = coxa; Bs = basal section; Ds = distal section; Sh = shoulder; Bb = basiconic bristles; P = process; Ib = internal branch; S = solenomere; Sg = seminal groove. Scale bars: 200 µm.
FIGURE 4. P. s p e l a e a n in The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae)
FIGURE 4. P. s p e l a e a n. sp., paratype female (ISLA 3794), Schematic drawings. A: Collum; B: Anterior segment; C: Anal segment. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 500 µm; C = 500 µm.
FIGURE 3. P. s p e l a e a n in The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae)
FIGURE 3. P. s p e l a e a n. sp., holotype male (ISLA 3797), micrographic images. Detail of Gnatochilarium. Abbreviations: Gu = gula; Me = mentum; St = stipes; Pme = pro- mentum; Ll = laminae linguales; Op = outer palp; Ip = inner palp. Scale bars: 10 µm.
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