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opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Data from: Long-term persistence of monotypic dengue transmission in small size isolated populations, French Polynesia, 1978-2014

Understanding the transition of epidemic to endemic dengue transmission remains a challenge in regions where serotypes co-circulate and there is extensive human mobility. French Polynesia, an isolated group of 72 inhabited islands, distributed among five geographically separated subdivisions, has recorded mono-serotype epidemics since 1944, with long inter-epidemic periods of circulation. Laboratory confirmed cases have been recorded since 1978, enabling exploration of dengue epidemiology under monotypic conditions in an isolated, spatially structured geographical location. A database was constructed of confirmed dengue cases, geolocated to island for a 35-year period. Statistical analyses of viral establishment, persistence and fade-out as well as synchrony among subdivisions were performed. Seven monotypic and one heterotypic dengue epidemic occurred, followed by low-level viral circulation with a recrudescent epidemic occurring on one occasion. Incidence was asynchronous among the subdivisions. Complete viral die-out occurred on several occasions with invasion of a new serotype, but also in the absence of any novel serotype. Island population size had a strong impact on the establishment, persistence and fade-out of dengue cases and endemicity was estimated achievable only at a population size in excess of 175 000. Despite island remoteness and low population size, dengue cases were observed somewhere in French Polynesia almost constantly, in part due to the spatial structuration generating asynchrony among subdivisions. Long-term persistence of dengue virus in this group of island populations may be enabled by island hopping, although could equally be explained by a reservoir of sub-clinical infections on the most populated island, Tahiti.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 5. All reported populations for the following species. A. Uronema marinum Dujardin, 1841. B in Seven scuticociliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Alabama, USA, with descriptions of two parasitic species isolated from a freshwater mussel Potamilus purpuratus

Fig. 5. All reported populations for the following species. A. Uronema marinum Dujardin, 1841. B. Pseudocohnilembus hargisi Evans & Thompson, 1964. C. Metanophrys similis Song et al., 2002. D. Pleuronema setigerum Calkins, 1902. E. Uronemita filificum Kahl, 1931.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2016View details →

Overcoming the Dichotomy: New Insights into the Genomic Diversity of Open and Isolated European Populations

The dataset includes autosomal data of 227 individuals of 9 Italian populations (Aosta, Benetutti, Carloforte, Lessinia Cimbrians, North Sardinia, Sappada, Sauris, Sulcis Iglesiente and Timau) genotyper with the GenoChip 2.0.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Winter-moth populations are isolated on co-occurring tree species with contrasting budburst-phenology

Differences between neighbouring tree species in phenology could isolate populations of host-plant generalists that depend on matching the phenology of their host. We studied the relationship between the budburst phenology of two co-occurring tree species with early (hornbeams) and late (oaks) budburst, and the egg-hatching date of associated winter moths (Operophtera brumata) during two seasons (autumns starting in 2020 and 2021). A previous study in spring 2019 had found no winter moth larvae on the focal oaks, while we found them mainly on oaks with hornbeam neighbours in 2022. Congruently, adult winter moths were rarely encountered during the autumns of 2018 and 2019 and sparsely in 2020 and 2021, and then mainly near hornbeams.The vast majority of winter moths had early-hatching eggs when both hornbeams and oaks were present, matching the hornbeams rather than the oaks. Where hornbeam was absent in the neighbourhood, the few winter moths had late-hatching eggs.These results suggest that winter moth populations on hornbeam and oak are to some degree isolated from each other despite spatial proximity, so that recolonization of oaks by populations synchronized with budburst of hornbeam is slow. Therefore, trees would benefit from differing from their neighbours in budburst phenology with respect to herbivore damage.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2016View details →

Fig. 3 in Limited gene flow among Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in two isolated regions in China: Implications for utilization of the SIT

Fig. 3. Dendrogram generated by NJ analysis representing the genetic distance among populations of Cydia pomonella. The topology was tested by bootstrap analysis with 1,000 replicates. The scale bar represents 2.0% genetic distance. The sampling locations include JinTa (JJT), YinDa (JYD), XiDong (JXD) and ZongZai (JZZ) of Jiuquan Region, and Luo Tuocheng (ZLT), NiJiaying (ZNJ), MinYong (ZMY) and XiaoMan (ZXM) of Zhangye Region.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Limited gene flow among Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in two isolated regions in China: Implications for utilization of the SIT

Fig. 1. Sampling regions and locations of Cydia pomonella in Hexi Corridor of China. (I) map of China, the Hexi Corridor is indicated in the dash box; (II) enlarged map of Hexi Corridor, the 2 sampling regions are indicated as (A) Jiuquan region and (B) Zhangye region; (III) enlarged map of the sampling regions and sampling locations. The sampling locations includes JinTa (JJT), YinDa (JYD), XiDong (JXD), and ZongZai (JZZ) of the Jiuquan Region, and Luo Tuocheng (ZLT), NiJiaying (ZNJ), MinYong (ZMY) and XiaoMan (ZXM) of the Zhangye Region.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Limited gene flow among Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in two isolated regions in China: Implications for utilization of the SIT

Fig. 2. Bayesian clustering analysis by use of STRUCTURE, which indicates the presence of 2 clusters. Proportion of membership coefficient for 8 Cydia pomonella populations falling into the 2 clusters is depicted by 2 different shades of gray, respectively. The sampling locations include JinTa (JJT), YinDa (JYD), XiDong (JXD) and ZongZai (JZZ) of Jiuquan Region, and Luo Tuocheng (ZLT), NiJiaying (ZNJ), MinYong (ZMY) and XiaoMan (ZXM) of Zhangye Region.

Fig. 7 in The biology of an isolated Mashona mole-rat population from southern Malawi, with implications for the diversity and biogeography of the genus Fukomys

Fig. 7 Violin plots showing the distribution of growth parameters (A, K, I, and maximum growth rate) calculated separately for 73 individuals of Fukomys darlingi from the Nsanje population

Fig. 6 in The biology of an isolated Mashona mole-rat population from southern Malawi, with implications for the diversity and biogeography of the genus Fukomys

Fig. 6 Growth in captive Fukomys darlingi from the Nsanje population. Mean body mass (g) calculated weekly for individuals belonging to one of four groups based on sex and breeding status (non-breeding female NB, n = 27; breeding female B, n = 13; non-breeding male NB, n = 19; breeding male B, n = 13) over a period of 10 years. Gompertz growth parameters have been estimated for each individual separately, and thereafter, mean values have been calculated for each group. These parameters have been used for modelling the solid lines

Fig. 8 in The biology of an isolated Mashona mole-rat population from southern Malawi, with implications for the diversity and biogeography of the genus Fukomys

Fig. 8 Adult body mass distribution of Fukomys darlingi from Zimbabwe (nominate form, n =18) and southern Malawi (Nsanje form, n =96). Note the larger body mass and greater sexual dimorphism in animals from Nsanje. Data on F. darlingi individuals from Goromonzi were compiled from Bennett et al. (1994), Gabathuler et al. (1996), and Herbst and Bennett (2001); animals were deemed adult when identified as breeders or when being heavier as the same-sex breeder in the respective family. Nsanje mole-rats were classified as adults at an age of 18 months

Fig. 5 in The biology of an isolated Mashona mole-rat population from southern Malawi, with implications for the diversity and biogeography of the genus Fukomys

Fig. 5 Nuclear phylogeny of Fukomys mole-rats. MCC tree estimated from nuclear datasets of five genes. Tip labels are colour-matched with those shown in the range map and the mitochondrial tree (Figs. 1 and 4). Each tip name contains the sample ID, the name of the respective CYTB lineage, and in the case of samples from F. darlingi clade also the name of the collection locality

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Figure 2 in Inbreeding tolerance in two isolated populations of Harting's vole Microtus hartingi (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)

Figure 2. Odour choice between kin vs. nonkin individuals of the opposite sex in Microtus hartingi populations (%), regarding duration of approaches to odour samples in seconds. Females A) and males B) at the age of 35–40 days; females C) and males D) — at the age of 53–58 days.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Figure 1 in Inbreeding tolerance in two isolated populations of Harting's vole Microtus hartingi (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)

Figure 1. Differences in female aggressive behaviour with deadly outcome in polygynous groups in two populations of M. hartingi voles: O-groups (60–70 days of age), Y-groups (49–52 days of age) and control pairs. CAP analogous groups compared to RP; O-groups and Y-groups compared to each other and to control within populations; sisters compared to nonkin in all groups, by Fisher's exact test

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Signatures of adaptive decreased virulence of deformed wing virus in an isolated population of wild honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive host-pathogen interactions is critical for combating epidemics and conserving species. The Varroa destructor mite and deformed wing virus (DWV) are two synergistic threats to Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations across the globe. Distinct honey bee populations have been found to self-sustain despite Varroa infestations, including colonies within the Arnot Forest outside Ithaca, NY, USA. We hypothesized that in these bee populations, DWV has been selected to produce an avirulent infection phenotype, allowing for the persistence of both host and disease-causing agents. To investigate this, we assessed the titer of viruses in bees from the Arnot Forest and managed apiaries, and assessed genomic variation and virulence differences between DWV isolates. Across groups, we found viral abundance was similar, but DWV genotypes were distinct. We also found that infections with isolates from the Arnot Forest resulted in higher survival and lower rates of symptomatic deformed wings, compared to analogous isolates from managed colonies, providing preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis of adaptive decreased viral virulence. Overall, this multi-level investigation of virus genotype and phenotype across different contexts reveals critical insight into global bee health and the ecological and evolutionary processes driving host-pathogen interactions.