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11 results for “Ithomiini”
Figure 1 in Description of the biology and immature stages of Pagyris ulla (Hewitson) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiini) in the Colombian Andes
Figure 1. Stages of Pagyris ulla. (A) Egg, (B) first instar, (C) second instar, (D) third instar, (E) fourth instar, (F) fifth instar, (G, H) pupa, (I) male: 1 – dorsal and 2 – ventral, (J) female: 1 – dorsal and 2 – ventral.
Opsin data from: Multiple axes of visual system diversity in Ithomiini, an ecologically diverse tribe of mimetic butterflies
<p><span>The striking structural variation seen in arthropod visual systems can be explained by the overall quantity and spatio-temporal structure of light within habitats coupled with developmental and physiological constraints. However, little is currently known about how fine-scale variation in visual structures arise across shorter evolutionary and ecological scales. In this study, we characterise patterns of interspecific (between species), intraspecific (between sexes) and intraindividual (between eye regions) variation in the visual system of four ithomiine butterfly species. These species are part of a diverse 26-Myr-old Neotropical radiation where changes in mimetic colouration are associated with fine-scale shifts in ecology, such as microhabitat preference. By using a combination of selection analyses on visual opsin sequences, in-vivo ophthalmoscopy, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and neural tracing, we quantify and describe physiological, anatomical, and molecular traits involved in visual processing. Using these data, we provide evidence of substantial variation within the visual systems of Ithomiini, including: i) relaxed selection on visual opsins, perhaps mediated by habitat preference, ii) interspecific shifts in visual system physiology and anatomy, and iii) extensive sexual dimorphism, including the complete absence of a butterfly-specific optic neuropil in the males of some species. We conclude that considerable visual system variation can exist within diverse insect radiations, hinting at the evolutionary lability of these systems to rapidly develop specialisations to distinct visual ecologies, with selection acting at both the perceptual, processing, and molecular level.</span></p>
Data from "Bending the course of evolution: how mutualistic interactions affect macroevolutionary dynamics of diversification in mimetic Ithomiini butterflies"
<p>Data and codes for the analyses from Chazot et al. "Bending the course of evolution: how mutualistic interactions affect macroevolutionary dynamics of diversification in mimetic Ithomiini butterflies". Check README for more information about the files. </p>
Ithomiini mimicry classification
<p> </p> <p>This repository contains the <strong>mimicry classification</strong> for ithomiine butterfly subspecies applied for the analyses presented in the research paper <strong>"Doré et al., 2021 - Anthropogenic pressures coincide with Neotropical biodiversity hotspots in a flagship butterfly group"</strong>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13455">https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13455</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Occurrences data</strong> associated with this classification can be found in this archive: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4696055">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4696055</a></p> <p><strong>Distribution maps</strong> built upon the occurrence data and mimicry classification are available in an other associated archive : <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4673446">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4673446</a></p> <p><strong>Scripts</strong> to reproduce these maps are available on Github at <a href="https://github.com/MaelDore/ithomiini_diversity">https://github.com/MaelDore/ithomiini_diversity</a></p> <p> </p> <p>This repository contains one folder and two files :</p> <p> - A folder with pictures of type-specimens of all 44 mimicry rings. Credits: Keith Willmott.</p> <p> - An Excel file with the mimicry classification of the 1,595 subspecies of Ithomiini butterflies and the list of type-specimens identifying each mimicry ring pattern</p> <p> - A PDF plate illustrating all 44 mimicry rings with type-specimens. Credits: Keith Willmott.</p> <p> </p>
Ithomiini distribution maps
<p> </p> <p>This repository contains predicted <strong>distribution maps</strong> for ithomiine butterflies (tribe Ithomiini) issued from the analyses presented in the research paper <strong>"Doré et al., 2021 - Anthropogenic pressures coincide with Neotropical biodiversity hotspots in a flagship butterfly group"</strong>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13455">https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13455</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Maps are derived from distribution models run on <strong>occurrences data</strong> available in this associated archive: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4696056">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4696056</a>.</p> <p><strong>Mimicry classification</strong> used for theses analyses is available in this associated archive: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497876">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497876</a>.</p> <p><strong>Scripts</strong> to reproduce these maps are available on Github at <a href="https://github.com/MaelDore/ithomiini_diversity">https://github.com/MaelDore/ithomiini_diversity</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>This repository contains four folders with multiple maps in PDF format:<br> - <em>OMU_maps:</em> 783 maps of habitat suitability depicting current distribution of each OMU (Operational Mimicry Unit as set of subspecies within the same species that shared the same mimetic wing pattern)<br> - <em>Species_maps:</em> 388 maps of habitat suitability depicting current distribution of each species<br> - <em>Mimicry_ring_maps/Range_maps:</em> 44 maps of habitat suitability depicting current distribution of mimicry ring (including all OMUs sharing the same mimetic wing pattern)<br> - <em>Mimicry_ring_maps/Richness_maps:</em> 44 maps of local richness for each mimicry ring estimated as the number of local species/OMUs sharing this wing pattern</p> <p> </p>
Opsin data from: Multiple axes of visual system diversity in Ithomiini, an ecologically diverse tribe of mimetic butterflies
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Data from: Does divergent selection predict the evolution of mate preference and reproductive isolation in the tropical butterfly genus Melinaea (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini)?
Many studies have shown that speciation can be facilitated when a trait under divergent selection also causes assortative mating. In Müllerian mimetic butterflies, a change in wing colour pattern can cause reproductive isolation. However, colour pattern divergence does not always lead to reproductive isolation. Understanding how divergent selection affects speciation requires identifying the mechanisms that promote mate preference and/or choosiness. This study addresses whether shifts in wing colour pattern drives mate preference and reproductive isolation in the tropical butterfly genus Melinaea (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini), and focuses on five taxa that form a speciation continuum, from subspecies to fully recognized species. Using genetic markers, wing colour pattern quantification, male pheromone characterization and behavioural assays of mating preference, we characterize the extent of genetic and phenotypic differentiation between taxa and compare it to the level of reproductive isolation. We show strong premating isolation between the closely related species M. satevis and M. marsaeus, in addition to genetic and phenotypic (colour pattern and pheromones) differentiation. By contrast, M. menophilus and M. marsaeus consist of pairs of subspecies that differ for colour pattern but that cannot be differentiated genetically. Pheromonal differentiation of subspecies was significant only for M. marsaeus, although most individuals were indistinguishable. Melinaea menophilus and M. marsaeus also differ in the strength of assortative mating, suggesting that mate preference has evolved only in M. marsaeus, consistent with selection against maladaptive offspring, as subspecific "hybrids" of M. marsaeus have intermediate, non‐mimetic colour patterns, unlike those of M. menophilus which display either parental phenotypes. We conclude that a shift in colour pattern per se is not sufficient for reproductive isolation, but rather, the evolution of assortative mating may be caused by selection against maladaptive intermediate phenotypes. This study suggests that mate preference and assortative mating evolve when adaptive, and that even in the early stages of divergence, reproductive isolation can be nearly complete due to mating preferences.
Data from: Why has transparency evolved in aposematic butterflies? insights from the largest radiation of aposematic butterflies, the Ithomiini
Defended species are often conspicuous and this is thought to be an honest signal of defences, i.e. more toxic prey are more conspicuous. Neotropical butterflies of the large Ithomiini tribe numerically dominate communities of chemically-defended butterflies and may thus drive the evolution of mimetic warning patterns. Although many species are brightly coloured, most are transparent to some degree. The evolution of transparency from a warningly coloured ancestor is puzzling as it is generally assumed to be involved in concealment. Here we show that transparent Ithomiini species are indeed less detectable by avian predators (i.e. concealment). Surprisingly, transparent species are not any less unpalatable, and may in fact be more unpalatable than opaque species, the latter spanning a larger range of unpalatability. We put forth various hypotheses to explain the evolution of weak aposematic signals in these butterflies and other cryptic defended prey. Our study is an important step in determining the selective pressures and constraints that regulate the interaction between conspicuousness and unpalatability.
Ithomiini grid-cell records for distribution modeling
<p> </p> <p>This repository contains georeferenced <strong>occurrence data</strong> for ithomiine butterflies (tribe Ithomiini) needed to reproduce the analyses presented in the research paper <strong>"Doré et al., 2021 - Anthropogenic pressures coincide with Neotropical biodiversity hotspots in a flagship butterfly group"</strong>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13455">https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13455</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Distribution maps</strong> generated from distribution models runned on these occurrences data are available in an other associated archive: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4673446">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4673446</a>.</p> <p><strong>Mimicry classification</strong> used for theses analyses is available in this associated archive: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497876">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497876</a>.</p> <p><strong>Scripts</strong> to reproduce these maps are available on Github at <a href="http://github.com/MaelDore/ithomiini_diversity">https://github.com/MaelDore/ithomiini_diversity</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>This repository contains an Excel file with the occurrence records and associated metadata in separated tabs. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Does divergent selection predict the evolution of mate preference and reproductive isolation in the tropical butterfly genus Melinaea (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini)?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Why has transparency evolved in aposematic butterflies? insights from the largest radiation of aposematic butterflies, the Ithomiini
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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