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28 results for “Ixodes scapularis”
Ixodes Scapularis monitoring data compiled from 7 studies
<p>This dataset lists 289 blacklegged tick population datasets from 7 studies that record abundance. These datasets were found by inputing keywords <em>Ixodes Scapularis</em> and <em>tick </em>in data repositories including Long Term Ecological Research data portal, National Ecological Observatory Network data portal, Google Datasets, Data Dryad, and Data One. The types of tick data recorded from these studies include density (number per square meter for example), proportion of ticks, count of ticks found on people. The locations of the datasets range from New York, New Jersey, Iowa, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and range from 9 to 24 years in length. These datasets vary in that some record different life stages, geographic scope (county/town/plot), sampling technique (dragging/surveying), and different study length. The impact of these study factors on study results is analyzed in our research.</p> <p>Funding:</p> <p>RMC is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of the Health under Award Number R25GM122672. CAB, JP, and KSW are supported by the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure in the National Science Foundation under Award Number #1838807. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation.</p>
Fig. 2 in Efficacy of a federally approved flea bait, orally administered to white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), against blood feeding Ixodes scapularis larvae under simulated field conditions
Fig. 2. Representative images of Day 2 and Day 4 capsules observations. Nonengorging larvae attached to Treatment mouse at (A) Day 2 and (B) Day 4. Engorging larvae attached and actively feeding on Control mouse at (C) Day 2 and (D) Day 4. At Day 4, the majority of larvae fed to repletion and detached from the Control mice, while the majority died in situ on the Treatment mice. Green arrows indicate live larvae and red arrows indicate dead larvae. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Efficacy of a federally approved flea bait, orally administered to white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), against blood feeding Ixodes scapularis larvae under simulated field conditions
Fig. 1. Capsule observations via microscopy. (A) Non-engorged (deceased) larvae, (B) engorging larvae, (C) fully engorged (replete) larvae nearing detachment.
Data for: Multi-omics analysis identifies symbionts and pathogens of blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) from a Lyme disease hotspot in southeastern Ontario, Canada
<p>Ticks in the family Ixodidae are recognized as important vectors of zoonoses including Lyme disease (LD), which is caused by spirochete bacteria from the <em>Borreliella</em> (<em>Borrelia</em>) <em>burgdorferi</em> sensu lato (<em>Bbsl</em>) complex. The blacklegged tick (<em>Ixodes scapulars</em>) continues to expand across Canada, creating hotspots of elevated LD risk at the leading edge of its expansion range. Current efforts to understand the risk of pathogen transmission associated with <em>I. scapularis</em> in Canada focus primarily on targeted screens, while variation in the tick microbiome remains poorly understood. Using multi-omics consisting of 16S metabarcoding and ribosome-depleted, whole-shotgun RNA transcriptome sequencing, we examined the microbial communities associated with adult <em>I. scapularis</em> (N = 32), sampled from four tissue types (whole tick, salivary glands, midgut, and viscera) and three geographical locations within an LD hotspot near Kingston, Ontario. The communities consisted of both endosymbiotic and known or potentially pathogenic microbes, including RNA viruses, bacteria, and a <em>Babesia</em> sp. intracellular parasite. We show that β-diversity is significantly higher between individual tick salivary gland and midgut bacterial communities, compared to whole ticks; while linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) determined that the three potentially pathogenic bacteria detected by V4 16S rDNA sequencing were also discriminatory for dissected tissues only, including a <em>Borrelia</em> from the <em>Bbsl</em> complex, <em>Borrelia miyamotoi</em>, and <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum. </em>Importantly, we find co-infection of <em>I. scapularis</em> by multiple microbes, in contrast to diagnostic protocols for LD, which typically focus on infection from a single pathogen of interest (<em>B. burgdorferi</em> sensu stricto).</p>
Data for: Multi-omics analysis identifies symbionts and pathogens of blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) from a Lyme disease hotspot in southeastern Ontario, Canada
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Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, reduce predation risk by eavesdropping on communication signals of Formica oreas thatching ants
<p>Ticks spend most of their life inhabiting leaf litter and detritus where they are protected from sun but preyed upon by ants. Ants secrete chemical communication signals to coordinate group tasks such as nest defense. Ticks that avoid ant semiochemicals – as indicators of ant presence – would reduce predation risk by ants. We tested the hypotheses that (1) chemical deposits from the thatching ant <em>Formica</em> <em>oreas</em> deter blacklegged ticks,<em> Ixodes scapularis</em>, (2) deterrent semiochemicals originate from the ants' poison and/or Dufour's gland(s), and (3) tick-deterrent semiochemicals serve as alarm-recruitment pheromone components in <em>F. oreas</em>. In two-choice olfactometer bioassays, filter paper soiled with ant chemical deposits significantly deterred female and male ticks. Poison and Dufour's gland extracts deterred ticks in combination but not alone. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of gland extracts revealed formic acid as the major constituent in the poison gland and 8 hydrocarbons as constituents in the Dufour's gland. Synthetic formic acid and hydrocarbons deterred ticks only when combined. <em>F. oreas</em> workers sprayed both formic acid and hydrocarbons when distressed. A synthetic blend of these compounds elicited alarm-recruitment responses by <em>F. oreas</em> in behavioural bioassays. All results combined indicate that ticks eavesdrop on the ants' communication system.</p>
High-resolution environmental and host-related factors impacting questing Ixodes scapularis at their northern range edge
<p>The geographic range of tick populations has expanded in Canada due to climate warming and the associated poleward range shifts of their vertebrate hosts. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and snow, are known to directly affect tick abundance. Yet, biotic factors, such as the abundance and diversity of mammal hosts, may also alter tick abundance and consequent tick-borne disease risk. Here, we incorporated host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental data to evaluate the combined impact of abiotic and biotic factors on questing <em>Ixodes scapularis </em>abundance in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. High-resolution abiotic factors were derived from remote sensing satellites and meteorological towers, while biotic factors related to mammal hosts were derived from active surveillance data that we collected in the field. Generalized additive models were used to determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors on questing <em>I. scapularis</em> abundance. Combinations of abiotic and biotic factors were identified as important drivers of abundances of questing <em>I. scapularis</em>. Positive and negative linear relationships were found for questing <em>I. scapularis </em>abundance with precipitation and accumulated snow, but no effect was found for the relative abundance of white-footed mice. Positive relationships were also identified between questing <em>I. scapularis </em>abundance with monthly mean precipitation and mammal species richness. Therefore, future studies that assess <em>I. scapularis </em>should incorporate host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental factors to determine the key drivers impacting the<em> </em>abundance and geographic spread of tick populations and tick-borne pathogens.</p>
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and diversity of its outer surface protein C (ospC) alleles in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) in Delaware
<p>Characterizing the diversity of genes associated with virulence and transmission of a pathogen across the pathogen's distribution can inform our understanding of host infection risk. <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> is a vector-borne bacterium that causes Lyme disease in humans and is common in the United States. The outer surface protein C (<em>ospC</em>) gene of <em>B</em>. <em>burgdorferi</em> exhibits substantial genetic variation across the pathogen's distribution and plays a critical role in virulence and transmission in vertebrate hosts. In fact, <em>B. burgdorferi </em>infections that disseminate across host tissues in humans are associated with only a subset of <em>ospC</em> alleles. Delaware has a high incidence of Lyme disease, but the diversity of <em>ospC</em> in <em>B. burgdorferi</em> in the state has not been evaluated. We used PCR to amplify <em>ospC</em> in <em>B. burgdorferi</em>-infected blacklegged ticks (<em>Ixodes</em> <em>scapularis</em>) in sites statewide and used short-read sequencing to identify <em>ospC</em> alleles. <em>B. burgdorferi</em> prevalence in blacklegged ticks varied across sites, but not significantly so. We identified 15 previously characterized <em>ospC</em> alleles accounting for nearly all of the expected diversity of alleles across the sites as estimated using the Chao1 index. Nearly 40% of sequenced infections (23/58) had more than one <em>ospC</em> allele present suggesting mixed strain infections and the relative frequencies of alleles in single infections were positively correlated with their relative frequencies in mixed infections. Turnover of ospC alleles was positively related to distance between sites with closer sites having more similar allele compositions than more distant sites. This suggests a degree of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> dispersal limitation or habitat specialization. <em>OspC</em> alleles known to cause disseminated infections in humans were found at the highest frequencies across sites, corresponding to Delaware's high incidence of Lyme disease.</p>
Raw 16S data taken from Ixodes scapularis ticks in the US Midwest 2017-2019
<p>Raw 16S data from Ixodes scapularis ticks in the US Midwest 2017-2019. See https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515366v1 for the methods used to generate this data</p>
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and diversity of its outer surface protein C (ospC) alleles in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) in Delaware
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High-resolution environmental and host-related factors impacting questing Ixodes scapularis at their northern range edge
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Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, reduce predation risk by eavesdropping on communication signals of Formica oreas thatching ants
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Data from: Range expansion and increasing Borrelia burgdorferi infection of the tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Iowa, 1990-2013
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Human Immune Response to Ixodes Scapularis Tick Bites
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05036707. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Systems biology of tissue-specific response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum reveals differentiated apoptosis in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Infection with this zoonotic pathogen affects cell function in both vertebrate host and the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. Global tissue-specific response and apoptosis signaling pathways were characterized in I. scapularis nymphs and adult female midguts and salivary glands infected with A. phagocytophilum using a systems biology approach combining transcriptomics and proteomics. Apoptosis was selected for pathway-focused analysis due to its role in bacterial infection of tick cells. The results showed tissue-specific differences in tick response to infection and revealed differentiated regulation of apoptosis pathways. The impact of bacterial infection was more pronounced in tick nymphs and midguts than in salivary glands, probably reflecting bacterial developmental cycle. All apoptosis pathways described in other organisms were identified in I. scapularis, except for the absence of the Perforin ortholog. Functional characterization using RNA interference showed that Porin knockdown significantly increases tick colonization by A. phagocytophilum. Infection with A. phagocytophilum produced complex tissue-specific alterations in transcript and protein levels. In tick nymphs, the results suggested a possible effect of bacterial infection on the inhibition of tick immune response. In tick midguts, the results suggested that A. phagocytophilum infection inhibited cell apoptosis to facilitate and establish infection through up-regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Bacterial infection inhibited the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in tick salivary glands by down-regulating Porin expression that resulted in the inhibition of Cytochrome c release as the anti-apoptotic mechanism to facilitate bacterial infection. However, tick salivary glands may promote apoptosis to limit bacterial infection through induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. These dynamic changes in response to A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis tissue-specific transcriptome and proteome demonstrated the complexity of the tick response to infection and will contribute to characterize gene regulation in ticks.
Data from: "Transcriptome sequence identity between Lyme disease tick vectors, Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 April 2014 to 31 May 2014
Ixodes scapularis and I. ricinus transmit the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi in the U.S. and Europe, respectively. The only tick genome sequence available is that of I. scapularis, which constitutes a limitation for tick research. Recent evidences suggest that I. ricinus and I. scapularis transcriptomes share some degree of sequence identity. However, only the global transcriptome comparison reported here demonstrated that I. ricinus and I. scapularis share a 99.232±0.005 percent sequence identity with a very low frequency of INDELs. However, due to limitations of the current I. scapularis genome assembly, the number of aligned reads was only 26-27%. These results support the use of I. scapularis genome sequence as a reference for the analysis of I. ricinus transcriptomics and proteomics data, but addressing the limitations associated with the I. scapularis genome assembly.
Data from: Systems biology of tissue-specific response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum reveals differentiated apoptosis in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis
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Data from: "Transcriptome sequence identity between Lyme disease tick vectors, Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 April 2014 to 31 May 2014
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Transcriptional profiling of the host cutaneous response to Ixodes scapularis
GEO Series GSE33345. Mus musculus. 27 samples. Type: Expression profiling by RT-PCR.
Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing highlight immune pathways induced in individuals during an Ixodes scapularis tick bite [snRNA-Seq]
GEO Series GSE245516. Homo sapiens. 3 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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