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Figure 29 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 29. Scatter diagram comparing dimensions of the three extinct Plio-Pleistocene Janthina species. ▲ Janthina chavani;  Janthina typica; ■ Janthina krejcii. Letters show positions of type specimens of synonyms: Cha – Hartungia dennanti chavani holotype; Cho – Acrybia (Hartungia) chouberti holotype; D – Heligmope dennanti lectotype; E – Eunaticina abyssalis holotype; J – Parajanthina japonica holotype; K – Kaneconcha knorri holotype; P – Turbo postulatus neotype; T – Hartungia typica neotype.

Figure 25 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 25.Specimens of Janthina typica (Bronn).(A–C) GNS WM7656, Grange Burn Fm, Kalimnan (Zanclean), Muddy Creek, near Hamilton, Victoria,Australia; i.e., from type locality of Heligmope dennanti Tate. (D–F) copy of Mayer's (1864: pl. 6, figs 41a–c) illustrations of Janthina hartungi, Santa Maria I., Azores, Zanclean; slightly enlarged from published size, H 19, D 22 mm (photos by D. L. Homer). (G, I–K, M) weakly sculptured specimen, MNHN IM.2000-27158, holotype of Eunaticina abyssalis Simone, Marion Dufresne cruise MD55 stn 45-CB79, 1500–1575 m, off Itaúnas, Espiritu Santo State, Brazil, SW Atlantic, probably Zanclean; G, SEM, apical 2.5 teleoconch whorls, showing outer calcitic layer removed; I–K, M, apertural, ventral, apical and posterior views.(H) GNS GS12164, fragment, Whenuataru Tuff (Waipipian, early Piacenzian), Tarawhenua Peninsula, Pitt I., Chatham Islands; oblique latero-dorsal view. (L) SAMA T1494A, lectotype designated here of Heligmope dennanti Tate, Grange Burn Fm, Kalimnan (Zanclean), Muddy Creek, near Hamilton, Victoria,Australia (photo by D. L. Homer). (N, Q, R, T) ULPGC LE20151–2, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands; largest two of six specimens from La Esfinge, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Zanclean; N, R, LE20152; Q, T, LE20151, broken outer lip partially retained in sediment. (O, P, S) copies of Bronn's (1861: pl. 19, figs 3a–d) illustrations of the holotype of Hartungia typica; Santa Maria I., Azores, Zanclean; at published size, H 18, D 22 mm (photos by D. L. Homer). Scale bars: Fig. 25G = 500 µm; Figs 25D–F and 25O–P, S are copies of published figures, approx. natural size; lower scale bar, 10 mm, applies to all other figures.

Figure 12 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 12. World late Miocene–early Pleistocene fossil localities for Janthina species, and purported fossil record of Recluzia. Symbols: ▲, Janthina chavani; ▼, Janthina globosa; ■, Janthina krejcii; , Janthina typica; , incorrect fossil record of Recluzia. Localities: (1) Fouarat, near Casablanca, Morocco (J. typica; type locality of Acrybia chouberti Chavan); (2) La Esfinge, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (J. typica); (3) Selvagem Grande I. (J. typica or possibly J. chavani); (4) São Vicente, Madeira (J. typica or possibly J. chavani); (5) Santa Maria I., Azores (type locality of both J. typica and J. krejcii sp. nov.); (6) Kane Megamullion, mid-Atlantic Ridge (J. chavani; type locality of Kaneconcha knorri Kaim, Tucholke & Warén); (7) Bowden, Jamaica (J. globosa); (8) Casa Cantaure, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela (incorrect early Miocene record of Recluzia); (9) dredge station off Itaúnas, Espiritu Santo, Brazil (J. typica; type locality of Eunaticina abyssalis Simone); (10) SE Japan (J. typica and J. chavani); (11) Anda, Cabarruyan I., Luzon, Philippines (J. globosa); (12) southern Australia (J. typica and J. chavani); (13) northern and southwestern New Zealand (J. typica and J. chavani). More detailed localities in the Atlantic islands, New Zealand, southern Australia and Japan are shown on succeeding maps.

Figure 36 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 36. Putative fossil Recluzia, and specimens of Recluzia johnii (Holten) and Recluzia lutea (Bennett). (A, C) unidentified Epitoniidae formerly identified as Recluzia sp., NMB locality 17516, Casa Cantaure, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela; Cantaure Fm, Burdigalian (late early Miocene); SEM. (B, D) MNHN, Jousseaume collection, unlocalized specimen referred to Recluzia johnii (photos by E. Strong).(E, H) Recluzia lutea, USNM56411, holotype of Lymnaea palmeri Dall, Taqui River delta, head of Gulf of Mexico, eastern Pacific (photos by E. Strong). (F–G) Recluzia lutea, MNHN IM.25667, syntype of Recluzia jehennei Petit de la Saussaye and neotype designated here of Recluzia lutea Bennett, of Janthina turrita Philippi and of Recluzia rollandiana Petit de la Saussaye; Gulf of Arabia (MNHN photos).(I–J) Recluzia johnii, NHMUK197432, holotype of Recluzia hargravesi Cox and neotype designated here of Helix johnii Holten; Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia (photos by E. Strong).(K–L) Recluzia lutea, MNHN IM.25668, one of two syntypes of Recluzia annamitica Wattebled; Thuan-an, Hué, Vietnam (MNHN photos). (M–P) Recluzia lutea, range of shape of large specimens in one collection; Great Exhibition Bay, northern North Island, New Zealand, Mar 1998; in collection of P. Poortman (Auckland) (specimen in Fig. 2S–T is from the same sample). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 300 µm; uppermost bar, 10 mm, applies to all other figures

Figure 15 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 15. Janthina fossil localities in New Zealand. Symbols: ▲, Janthina chavani, Gelasian–early Calabrian (Nukumaruan New Zealand Stage, 1.63–2.4 Ma); ◄, Janthina chavani, late Piacenzian‒ early Gelasian (Mangapanian New Zealand Stage, 2.4–3.0 Ma); ■, Janthina typica, early Piacenzian (Waipipian New Zealand Stage, 3.0–3.7 Ma); , Janthina typica, Zanclean (Opoitian New Zealand Stage, 3.7–5.3 Ma); , Janthina typica, Messinian (Kapitean New Zealand Stage, 5.3–7.2 Ma). — (A) Main islands of New Zealand, showing general locations of areas in Figs 15B–D. Localities:(1) Otahuhu well, Auckland (J. typica); (2) Pukekohe (J. typica); (3) Kaawa Creek, SW Auckland (J. typica, type locality of Turbo postulatus); (4) East Cape (J. typica); (5) Waimata Road, inland from Tolaga Bay (J. typica); (6) Mahia Peninsula (J. typica); (7) Cape Kidnappers (J. typica); (8) Gisborne–northern Hawke's Bay (detailed localities shown in B); (9) South Taranaki coast–Whanganui Basin (see detail in C); (10) Westland (see detail in D); ... [caption continued on next pages, pp. 148–149].

Figure 5 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 5 (facing page 130). Living animals in aquaria. (A) Janthina janthina (Linnaeus), collected on Arina Beach, Heraklion, Crete, Mediterranean, showing partially contracted snout and forked cephalic tentacles, propodium between float and tentacles, snout resting in lip sinus, weak spiral grooves in base of shell, and small amount of ianthinin purple dye at right below snout. (B) Janthina pallida Thomson, all data as for Fig. 5A, showing float with pink egg capsules beneath, and snout partially expanded; part of float of another specimen visible at left. Faint spiral colour bands on this shell are unusual. (C) Janthina umbilicata d'Orbigny, collected on beach in northern New South Wales, Australia, showing long, narrow float as in J. exigua Lamarck, weakly expanded head and propodium (top left), and egg capsules beneath float. (D) Janthina janthina, all data as for Fig. 5C, odontophore and teeth visible in tip of expanded snout. (E) Janthina globosa (Swainson), all data as for Fig. 5C, showing float, anatomy essentially as in J. janthina, expanded head resting in lip sinus, forked cephalic tentacles partly visible, barnacles attached to Janthina shell, and pink eggs beneath float (A–B, reproduced with permission of Dimitris Poursanidis, Heraklion, Crete; C–E, reproduced with permission of Denis Riek, Brunswick Heads, NSW). Scale bars 10 mm.

Figure 2 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 2 (facing page 123). Shells of the five living species of Janthina and two species of Recluzia recognized in this work; apertural views, and left lateral views showing outer lip sinus. (A–F) Janthina janthina (Linnaeus); A–B, D, GNS RM4442, two specimens, beach, Takou Bay, Northland, New Zealand; C, GNS WM15986, "bicolor" form, San Lourenço Beach, Santa Maria I., Azores, Atlantic; E, GNS RM6735, "bicolor" form, Ohope Beach, Whakatane, New Zealand; F, GNS WM15297, beach between Hutchinson Bluff and Rayner Point, Raoul I., Kermadec Islands. (G–J) Janthina globosa (Swainson); G, GNS WM15254, beach, Mauritius, Indian Ocean; H–J, GNS RM5321, two specimens, Muriwai Beach, West Auckland, New Zealand. (K–L) Janthina pallida Thompson, GNS WM15256, beach, Windy Harbour, Cape D'Entrecasteaux, southern Western Australia. (M, O) Janthina exigua Lamarck, GNS RM5626, Nukumaru Beach, Whanganui, New Zealand. (N, Q) Janthina umbilicata d'Orbigny, GNS RM5627, Nukumaru Beach, Whanganui, New Zealand. (P, R) Recluzia johnii (Holten), GNS WM17360, ventral and dorsal views; trawled in sediment, 130–180 m, Swain Reefs, SE Queensland, Australia (shortest specimen, last entry in Table 12).(S–T) Recluzia lutea (Bennett), GNS RM6748, beach, Great Exhibition Bay, Northland, New Zealand (from same sample as Figs 36M–P). Scale bar 10 mm, applies to all figures.

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FIGURES 1–6. Dityloidea janthina Fairmaire and Germain. 1 in On the taxonomy of the dityline genera Diasclera Reitter, Dityloidea Fairmaire and Germain and Nerdanus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)

FIGURES 1–6. Dityloidea janthina Fairmaire and Germain. 1, habitus; 2, tegmen, ventral aspect; 3, ditto, lateral aspect; 4, aedeagus, lateral aspect; 5, last abdominal segment, ventral aspect; 6, projection of urite VIII, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm; a – Fig. 5; b – Figs. 1–4, 6.

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FIGURE 2–7 in Description of the mature larva of Gastrophysa janthina (Suffrian, 1851) [= G. unicolor auct.] (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) and key to the larvae of the European Gastrophysa

FIGURE 2–7. Gastrophysa spp. (2) Head of G. janthina, frontal view. (3) Antenna of G. janthina, frontal view. (4) Labrum of G. janthina, dorsal view. (5) Maxillae and labium of G. janthina, ventral view. (6) Leg of G. janthina, lateral view. (7) Labrum of G. v i r i d u l a, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

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FIGURE 8 in Description of the mature larva of Gastrophysa janthina (Suffrian, 1851) [= G. unicolor auct.] (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) and key to the larvae of the European Gastrophysa

FIGURE 8. Gastrophysa viridula: location of tubercles and body chaetotaxy, right side. Pr, prothorax; Ms, mesothorax; Mt, metathorax; A1–A10, abdominal segments 1–10. See text for definition of tubercles abbreviations. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Description of the mature larva of Gastrophysa janthina (Suffrian, 1851) [= G. unicolor auct.] (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) and key to the larvae of the European Gastrophysa

FIGURE 1. Habitus of Gastrophysa unicolor, mature larva from Chandrexa de Queixa. Length = 6.4 mm.

Figure 13 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 13. Fossil localities on Santa Maria Island, Azores, based on da Veiga Ferreira (1961: fig. 1), Madeira et al. (2011: text-fig. 1) and Sibrant et al. (2015: fig. 2). Several other Pleistocene (MIS 5e) localities mapped along south coast by Ávila et al. (2015a: fig. 1) are not shown. (A) geological map and legend, with fossil localities; (B) semi-diagrammatic east-west cross-section, showing dips on lava flows schematically; vertical exaggeration × 20; modified slightly from Sibrant et al. (2015: fig. 6B) to allow Touril Complex to crop out at sea level around east coast. (C) location of Santa Maria Island in the Azores (Madeira et al., 2011: text-fig. 1). , Pliocene localities with Janthina krejcii sp. nov.; , Pliocene localities, some of which have yielded Janthina typica; , Pleistocene (MIS 5e) localities (most not shown). Localities: (1) Cré (no Janthina records); (2) Ponta dos Frades (no Janthina records); (3) Pinheiros (probably J. krejcii, identification uncertain); (4) Lagoinhas (MIS 5e); (5) Ponta do Norte (locality of Janthina typica neotype); (6) Ponta dos Matos (J. typica); (7) Ponta das Salinas (J. typica); (8) Ponta do Castelo (J. typica; includes also late Pleistocene, MIS 5e); (9) Pedra-que-pica (no Janthina records; includes also late Pleistocene, MIS 5e); (10) Ponta do Malbusca (no Janthina records; includes also late Pleistocene, MIS 5e); (11) Prainha (MIS 5e); (12) Miradouro de Macela (type locality of Janthina krejcii sp. nov.); (13) Figueiral (J. typica).

Figure 24 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 24. Specimens of Janthina typica (Bronn), all except A–C enlarged uniformly. (A–C) neotype designated here of Hartungia typica Bronn, 1861 and Janthina hartungi Mayer, 1864, MIGM1312, Farolim da Ponta do Norte (North Point Lighthouse), Santa Maria I., Azores, Zanclean (photos by C. Marques da Silva). (D, E) neotype designated here of Turbo postulatus Bartrum, AUGD G5721, Kaawa Creek, SW Auckland, New Zealand, Opoitian (Zanclean). (F–I) 2 specimens, Kaawa Creek, SW Auckland, Opoitian (Zanclean); F, I, GNS TM4670; G–H, GNS TM4671. (J, K, O) holotype of Acrybia (Hartungia) chouberti Chavan, Service Géologique du Maroc, Rabat, Morocco, P7064; unwhitened photos from Rabat sent by N. H. Ludbrook (see also Ludbrook 1978: 122, pl. 12, figs 17–19, at half this scale); Fouarat, E of Casablanca, Morocco, Zanclean. (L) abraded specimen, DBUA-F-428, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgado, Azores; from Ponta do Castelo, SE tip of Santa Maria I., Azores, Zanclean, coll. S. Ávila, 15 Sep 2006 (photo by S. Ávila). (M) NMB Po.6227, ex Mayer-Eymar collection; possible type material of Janthina hartungi Mayer, modelling clay impression from natural cast in rock, Ponta dos Matos, Santa Maria I., Azores, Zanclean. (N) GNS GS12289, E branch Greeks Creek, Arahura Valley, Westland, New Zealand, Waipipian (early Piacenzian). Scale bars 10 mm; upper bar applies to Figs 24A–C, lower bar applies to all other figures.

Figure 4 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 4 (facing page 129). Living animals in aquaria. (A) Janthina janthina (Linnaeus) (centre) and J. pallida Thomson (left, and part of another float at right) together, showing different bubble sizes in floats, and J. janthina feeding on pink eggs of J. pallida beneath float; collected at Arina Beach, Heraklion, Crete. (B) Janthina janthina, collected on beach in northern New South Wales, Australia, clearly showing forked cephalic tentacles;(C–E) Janthina janthina, all data as for Fig. 4A; C, showing forked cephalic tentacles, lack of eyes, and teeth and odontophore protruding from mouth at end of extended snout; D–E, showing extended head and snout, odontophore visible in mouth, and partially expanded right epipodium lying over shell (A, C–E, reproduced with permission of Dimitris Poursanidis, Heraklion, Crete; B, reproduced with permission of Denis Riek, Brunswick Heads, New South Wales). Scale bars 10 mm.