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158 results for “Jornada Experimental Range”
Physical soil characteristics, microbial community composition, extracellular enzymatic activity, biologically based phosphorus (BBP) pools, and available phosphorus from two soil depths, four microhabitats, and four landforms at the Jornada Experimental Range, 2021.
This dataset contains physical soil characteristics, PLFA based microbial community composition, extracellular enzymatic activity, nitrate and ammonium activity, and phosphorus availability in various phosphorus pools (Biologically Based Phosphorus, potassium sulfate, Olsen-P). Soils were collected from two depths (0-2cm, 2-30 cm), four microhabitats (grass, shrub, biocrust, interspace), and four landforms (alluvial flat, alluvial fan remnant, erosional scarplet, fan piedmont – see coordinates) within the Jornada Experimental Range in July 2021 to answer questions about how these variables change across these spatial scales in drylands. This project was a collaboration between researchers at New Mexico State University and The University of Texas at El Paso as part of the Drylands Critical Zone Thematic Cluster within the Critical Zone Network. This dataset is complete.
Genetic characterization of Rarámuri Criollo cattle from the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, USA
Rarámuri Criollo (RC) cattle have been raised by isolated Tarahumara communities of Chihuahua, Mexico, for nearly 500 years, mostly under natural selection and minimal management. The RC cattle was introduced to the USDA Jornada Experimental Range (RCJER) in 2005 to begin evaluations of beef production performance and their adaptation to the harsh ecological and climatic conditions of the Northern Chihuahuan Desert. While this research unveiled crucial information on their phenotypic plasticity and adaptation, the genetic diversity and structure of the RCJER population remain poorly understood. This study analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, ancestral composition, and selection signatures of the RCJER herd using a ~64K SNP array. The RCJER herd exhibits moderate genetic diversity and low population stratification with no evident clustering, suggesting a shared genetic background among different subfamilies. Admixture analysis revealed the RCJER herd represents a distinctive genetic pool within the Criollo cattle biotypes, with significant Iberian ancestry. Selection signatures identified candidate genes and Quantitative Trait Loci for traits associated with milk composition, growth, meat and carcass, reproduction, metabolic homeostasis, health, and coat color. The RCJER population represents a distinctive genetic resource adapted to harsh environmental conditions while maintaining productive and reproductive attributes. These findings are crucial to ensuring the long-term genetic conservation of the RCJER and their strategic expansion to locally adapted beef production systems in the US.
Map of ecological sites and ecological states for the USDA Jornada Experimental Range
This data package includes an ArcMap geodatabase: a polygon feature class, associated attribute table and metadata. The spatial data, JERStateMap_v1.gdb.zip, represents the ecological sites and states on the Jornada Experimental Range. The attribute table for the spatial data, JERStateMap.csv, and a summary of the spatial metadata, JERStateMapMetadata.pdf, are also included.
Locally verified daily temperature and precipitation data from a NOAA weather station at USDA Jornada Experimental Range headquarters, southern New Mexico USA, 1914-2006
This data package contains locally verified daily meteorological observations from a NOAA National Weather Service station located at the USDA Jornada Experimental Range headquarters in southern New Mexico, USA. Daily data has been collected there by USDA staff since 1914 for minimum and maximum air temperature and daily accumulated precipitation using standard U.S. climatological service instrumentation and procedures. The included data were verified and transcribed directly from the original paper data sheets and have undergone quality control and assurance procedures different than those in place at NOAA. These data therefore differ from those directly downloadable from NOAA servers. Local verification and transcription of observations from the data sheets ceased in 2006 and data are now directly entered to the NOAA system. Therefore, this dataset is complete and will no longer be added to. All observations from this weather station have also undergone NOAA QA/QC procedures and those data are available by accessing the Jornada Experimental Range, NM US GHCN station through the National Climatic Data Center portal (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GHCND/stations/GHCND:USC00294426/detail - daily and monthly data are available).
Locally verified monthly summary temperature and precipitation data from a NOAA weather station at USDA Jornada Experimental Range headquarters, southern New Mexico USA, 1914-1998
This data package contains locally verified monthly meteorological observations from a NOAA National Weather Service station located at the USDA Jornada Experimental Range headquarters in southern New Mexico, USA. Monthly summary data (based on daily observations) has been collected there by USDA staff since 1914 for minimum and maximum air temperature and daily accumulated precipitation using standard U.S. climatological service instrumentation and procedures. The included data were verified and transcribed directly from the original paper data sheets and have undergone quality control and assurance procedures different than those in place at NOAA. These data therefore differ from those directly downloadable from NOAA servers. Local verification and transcription of observations from the data sheets ceased in 1998 and data are now directly entered to the NOAA system. Therefore, this dataset is complete and will no longer be added to. All observations from this weather station have also undergone NOAA QA/QC procedures and those data are available by accessing the Jornada Experimental Range, NM US GHCN station through the National Climatic Data Center portal https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GSOM/stations/GHCND:USC00294426/detail - daily and monthly data are available).
Locally verified evaporation data from a NOAA evaporation pan at USDA Jornada Experimental Range headquarters, southern New Mexico USA, 1953-1979
This data package contains locally verified monthly total pan evaporation data from a NOAA National Weather Service station located at the USDA Jornada Experimental Range headquarters in southern New Mexico, USA. The evaporation pan measurements commenced in 1953 and ended in 1979 when the instrument was decommissioned. Pan evaporation observations were made using standard U.S. climatological service instrumentation and procedures. The included data were verified and transcribed directly from records retrieved from NOAA in ~1995 and have since undergone quality control and assurance procedures different than those in place at NOAA. These data therefore differ from those directly downloadable from NOAA servers. There is no further data from this decommissioned instrument, so this dataset is now complete and data will no longer be updated here. All observations from this weather station have also undergone NOAA QA/QC procedures and those data are available by accessing the Jornada Experimental Range, NM US GHCN station through the National Climatic Data Center portal (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GSOM/stations/GHCND:USC00294426/detail - monthly pan evaporation data are available back to 1930, but there may be data issues prior to 1953).
Genetic characterization of 24 Angus × Hereford cows from the Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, USA
The southwestern US is increasingly facing dry and variable climate conditions, requiring beef operations to adopt novel strategies to meet these emerging challenges. One potential approach is the use of locally adapted cattle breeds or biotypes. A distinctive Angus x Hereford (AH) research herd at the USDA Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range provides an opportunity to explore the genetic makeup of a desert-adapted cattle herd bred for over four decades under the extreme and harsh conditions of New Mexico’s Chihuahuan Desert. The objective of this study was to analyze the population structure, genetic diversity and signatures of selection of the AH research herd (n = 24). All cows were genotyped using a 64K SNP chip. Principal component and admixture analyses confirmed the mixed genetic background of the AH cows, predominantly of Angus ancestry. The heterozygosity level, effective population size, and inbreeding coefficient indicated that the AH cows maintain moderate genetic diversity and inbreeding levels. Genomic regions under positive selection revealed genes and Quantitative Trait Loci associated with beneficial carcass traits, milk composition, fertility, body homeostasis, antioxidant activity, immune response, and terrain utilization. This research herd could potentially serve as a valuable genetic resource for improving the adaptability and productivity of commercial beef cattle in harsh semi-arid and arid environments, balancing hardiness and performance.
Quadrat-based monitoring of desert grassland vegetation at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico, 1915-2016
The data set covers a 101-year period (1915-2016) of quadrat-based plant sampling at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. At each sampling event, a pantograph was used to record the location and perimeter of living plants within permanent quadrats. Basal area was recorded for perennial grass species, canopy cover area was recorded for shrub species, and all other perennial species were recorded as point data. The data set includes 122 1m by 1m permanent quadrats, although not all quadrats were sampled in each year of the study and there is a gap in monitoring from 1980-1995. These data provide a unique opportunity to investigate changes in the plant community over 100 years of variation in precipitation and other environmental conditions. We provide the following data and data formats: (1) the digitized maps in shapefile format; (2) data table containing coordinates (x,y) of perennial species within quadrats, including cover area for grasses and shrubs; (3) data table of counts of annual plant individuals per quadrat; (4) species list indicating growth form and habit of recorded species; (5) table of dates when each quadrat was sampled; (6) table of the pasture each quadrat was located within (note that pasture boundaries have changed over time). Additional data to help characterize plant-scale factors related to vegetation dynamics at the quadrat locations are: (7) data table of depth to caliche layer; (8) data table of soil particle size analysis and sand fractionation; and (9) data table of local and patch topography. This data package was created to support a specific data paper. Data are also available in data packages knb-lter-jrn.210351001, knb-lter-jrn.210351002, and knb-lter-jrn.210351003. Pantograph sampling is currently conducted at 5 year intervals by USDA-ARS staff, and new data will be added to those data packages periodically.
Monthly precipitation data from a network of standard gauges at the Jornada Experimental Range (Jornada Basin LTER) in southern New Mexico, January 1916 - ongoing
This ongoing dataset contains monthly precipitation measurements from a network of standard can rain gauges at the Jornada Experimental Range in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. Precipitation physically collects within gauges during the month and is manually measured with a graduated cylinder at the end of each month. This network is maintained by USDA Agricultural Research Service personnel. This dataset includes 39 different locations but only 29 of them are current. Other precipitation data exist for this area, including event-based tipping bucket data with timestamps, but do not go as far back in time as this dataset.
Jornada Experimental Range (USDA-ARS) annual stocking rates for cattle, horses, and sheep, 1916-2001
This data package contains data on stocking rates for cattle, horses, and sheep on all pastures of the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range beginning in 1916. Grazing goats were infrequent and are therefore included as part of the sheep category. Stocking rates are expressed in animal unit month (AUM), which is based on metabolic weight and average amount of forage needed by each animal unit per month. Total AUM is calculated for each year for each animal unit. This study was completed in 2001 and will not be updated. NOTE: The USDA-ARS discontinued regular updates to this dataset after 2002 because of de-stocking.
Ecophysiological variables of common shrub and grass species during the growing season following simulated sandblasting trials at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico, USA, 2018 and 2019
In this dataset, we report ecophysiological variables of contrasting perennial grass (Bouteloua eriopoda, Sporobolus airoides, and Aristida purpurea) and shrub (Prosopis glandulosa, Atriplex canescens, and Larrea tridentata) functional groups before and after a series of simulated sandblasting events with various intensities and frequencies. We hypothesized that grass species are more susceptible to the resulting "sandblasting" (i.e., abrasive damage by wind-blown particulates) than shrubs, thus contributing to the shift from grass to shrub dominance. To test this, we conducted a wind tunnel experiment at the USDA Jornada Experimental Range in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Potted plants were subjected to different levels of sandblasting in a novel portable wind tunnel, and plants’ ecophysiological responses including leaf gas exchange and nighttime leaf stomatal conductance were quantified. All tested plants were then grown in benign greenhouse conditions to investigate plant recovery post sandblasting. This dataset contains data about plant biomass and height, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency (WUE) under the experimental treatments above. This study is complete.
Jornada Basin and Experimental Range Mesquite Herbicide Project (JERHM) Core Methods Data, 2020-2022
This dataset includes contains line-point intercept, plant height, gap, and species inventory data collected over three years (2020-2022) as part of the Jornada Experimental Range Herbicide Mesquite Project (JERHM). Data were collected to assess plant community composition and structural change to herbicide application across a Black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland to Honey mesquite (Neltuma glandulosa [=Prosopis glandulosa]) shrubland encroachment gradient. Twenty sets of paired, 5-hectare plots (n=40 plots total) were established across a N. glandulosa encroachment gradient in 2020. One plot within each plot pair received an aerial application of herbicide in 2021, with the second plot left untreated by herbicide as a control. Data were collected annually following the following the Monitoring Manual for Grassland, Shrubland, and Savanna Ecosystems (Herrick et al. 2017) on each of three, 50m permanent transects established on each plot. These data are also available within the Landscape Data Commons (https://landscapedatacommons.org/) under ProjectKey=Jornada_JERHM. There are no immediate plans to continue data collection.
Jornada Experimental Range (USDA-ARS) monthly stocking data and pasture shape files from 1915 to 1952
This data package contains two types of data for the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) from 1915 to 1952: 1) shape files containing polygons and attribute tables that represent the pasture configurations on the Jornada Experimental Range and 2) monthly stocking data from these pastures. The livestock represented in the stocking data comprise cattle, horse, sheep, and goats. Grazing goats were infrequent and are grouped with sheep in the source data. As such for this data set, they are included in the sheep category. Stocking data are expressed in animal unit months (AUM), which is based on metabolic weight. This data package provides finer resolution AUM data than knb-lter-jrn.210412001, which presents the annual stocking data for the entire JER from 1916 to 2001. The stocking data in this package begins in June of 1915 and continues through December of 1952, the last year for which the researchers on this project have verified and digitized historical pasture configurations on the JER. https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-jrn&identifier=210412001
Plant Cover at Permanent Quad Locations on the Jornada Experimental Range, 1915-ongoing
This ongoing data set contains basal cover of perennial grasses and canopy cover of shrubs in 122 1m x 1m quadrats on the Jornada Experimental Range in the northern extent of the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, USA. These quadrats were established to investigate livestock grazing effects on plant community dynamics as well as responses to variable climatic conditions over time. Vegetation monitoring is carried out by charting the basal areas of perennial grasses and canopy areas of shrubs within each quadrat. Quadrats were established at different times, with start dates from 1915 to 1932. Specific quadrat locations were selected for a variety of reasons, but the overall intent was to represent varying plant community conditions across the Jornada Experimental Range. From 1915 to 1924 charting was done by dividing the quadrat frame into a decimeter grid using straps and reproducing locations of plants on grid paper. From 1925 to 2016 charting was done using a pantograph. With few exceptions, quadrats were charted until 1947, and a portion of the quadrats were charted intermittently between 1947 and 1979. Sampling resumed again in 1995 and continues every 5-6 years. Charts are digitally scanned, georeferenced, and chart features are digitally reproduced by hand. This data set is not yet complete; charts are actively being processed by Jornada Experimental Range staff and will be updated to this data package as they become available. A companion data package of counts of perennial forbs and subshrubs for each quadrat is also available for this project (data package knb-lter-jrn.210351002).
Plant Density at Permanent Quad Locations on the Jornada Experimental Range, 1915-ongoing
This ongoing data set contains counts of perennial forbs and subshrubs in 122 1m x 1m quadrats on the Jornada Experimental Range in the northern extent of the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, USA. These quadrats were established to investigate livestock grazing effects on plant community dynamics as well as responses to variable climatic conditions over time. Vegetation monitoring is carried out by charting the locations of forbs and subshrubs within each quadrat. Quadrats were established at different times, with start dates from 1915 to 1935. Specific quadrat locations were selected for a variety of reasons, but the overall intent was to represent varying plant community conditions across the Jornada Experimental Range. From 1915 to 1924 charting was done by dividing the quadrat frame into a decimeter grid using straps and reproducing locations of plants on grid paper. From 1925 to 2016 charting was done using a pantograph. With few exceptions, quadrats were charted until 1947, and a portion of the quadrats were charted intermittently between 1947 and 1979. Sampling resumed again in 1995 and continues every 5-6 years. Charts are digitally scanned, georeferenced, and chart features are digitally reproduced by hand. This data set is not yet complete; charts are actively being processed by Jornada Experimental Range staff and will be updated to this data package as they become available. A companion data package of basal cover of perennial grasses and canopy cover of shrubs is also available for this project (data package knb-lter-jrn.210351001).
Soil Particle Size Analysis at Permanent Quadrat locations, Jornada Experimental Range, 2001-2020
This completed dataset, from samples collected in 2001 and 2020, contains soil particle size analysis (PSA) and sand fractionation data from soil cores collected at 117 quadrat locations that are part of the Jornada Experimental Range's long-term Permanent Quadrats study. The goal of this effort was to help characterize plant-scale factors related to vegetation dynamics observed in the Permanent Quadrats. At each quadrat location, 4 cores were collected at 2 depths (0-5cm and 5-20cm) and assessed for percent sand, silt and clay. The sand fraction, if large enough, was then separated into 5 sand size classes (53-106 micrometers, 106-250 micrometers, 250-500 micrometers, 500-1000 micrometers, 1000-2000 micrometers) to measure the percent fraction of each. Long term vegetation data from this study are available in data packages knb-lter-jrn.210351001 and knb-lter-jrn.210351002.
Vegetation cover from line intercept transects in lagomorph exclosure and shrub removal plots at the Jornada Experimental Range, southern New Mexico, USA, 1938-2001
This package contains data from a study to quantify vegetation dynamics in response to lagomorph and shrub exclusion on the Jornada Experimental Range from 1938-2001. Data consist of vertical line intercept measures of the perennial grasses, suffretescents and shrubs. Sixteen plots at each of 3 sites (Gravelly Ridges, Dona Ana exclosure, and Parker Tank) were established in 1938-39. Plots were 21.3 x 21.3 m with a 7.6 m buffer zone between each. Plots were divided into east and west halves and 14 randomly located 10.65 m transects were located in each half plot. Vegetation was measured using vertical line intercepts in 1938, 1947, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1989, 1995, and 2001 for the Gravelly Ridges site, and in 1938/9, 1947, 1960, 1967, and 2001 for the Parker Tank and Dona Ana sites. The treatments include lagomorph exclusion (using wire fencing), shrub removal (hand grubbing at the ground surface), furrowing (shallow, hand raked furrows to trap surface water), and seeding (broadcast applications of seeds of native perennials). Seeding and furrowing treatments were only applied in 1939. Lagomorph exclusion has persisted since establishment, and shrub removal treatments have been reapplied immediately following all years of vegetation sampling. The dataset contains information on the site, year of data collection, plot number, line number, vegetation, and number of vegetation present on each line. This study is complete. For more information, refer to: Havstad, K.M., R.P. Gibbens, C.A. Knorr, and L.W. Murray. 1999. Long-term influences of shrub removal and lagomorph exclusion on Chihuahuan Desert vegetation dynamics. Journal of Arid Environments 42: 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0516
Daily precipitation from a network of weighing rain gauges on the Jornada Experimental Range (Jornada Basin LTER), 1976-2011.
This completed dataset contains daily precipitation measurements from a network of weighing rain gauges (Belfort Universal Precipitation Gauges, Series 5-780) at 58 locations on the Jornada Experimental Range in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA between January 1976 and December 2011. Locations and the dates during which data were collected were generally project-oriented. Temporal coverage per location is quite variable and ranges between 1,647 and 13,024 days. The network was maintained by USDA Agricultural Research Service personnel. After 2011 the remaining weighing rain gauges were replaced by tipping bucket gauges and those data are available separately.
Perennial grass recovery following livestock overgazing and shrub removal: an experiment at the Jornada Experimental Range (Jornada Basin LTER), 1996-2016
The objective of this ongoing study is to determine the effect of cattle grazing and shrub removal on the decline and recovery of perennial grasses in a mesquite-invaded black grama grassland on sandy soils in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. The experiment was implemented as a randomized complete block with 3 levels of grazing (summer, winter, and control) and 2 levels of shrub treatment (shrub removal and control) in each of 3 replicate blocks. The 18 experimental units are 0.5 ha (70 x 70 m) exclosures constructed in a mesquite-invaded black grama grassland in the southwest portion of the Jornada Experimental Range in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. Vegetation sampling was conducted with the line-point intercept method. Initial pre-treatment sampling occurred in 1996. Grazing treatments removed 65-80% of aboveground perennial grass biomass over 24-36 hour periods in each of four years from summer 1996 to winter 2000; shrub removal occurred during this time as well. No livestock grazing or shrub removal have occurred since 2000. Post-treatment sampling occurred in 2002, 2009, and 2016.
Jornada Basin and Experimental Range Mesquite Herbicide Project (JERHM) Connectivity Modifier Data, 2023
This dataset includes plant community composition, plant litter, soil depth, and shrub interspace fetch distance data collected in 2023 as part of the Jornada Experimental Range Herbicide Mesquite Project (JERHM). Data were collected to characterize plant community and ecosystem resource (plant litter, soil depth) responses to the use of Connectivity Modifiers (ConMods), which are used to reduce bare ground connectivity, alongside herbicide application to reduce honey mesquite (Neltuma glandulosa [=Prosopis glandulosa]) encroachment. ConMod and control (rebar-only) arrays were installed on 16 paired, 5-hectare plots, with one plot within each pair randomly selected to receive herbicide treatment in 2021 to reduce N. glandulosa abundance, or left untreated for comparison. Approximately 6 months after herbicide application (spring 2022), 12-unit ConMod and control (rebar-only) arrays were installed on experimental plots within 8 randomly selected N. glandulosa shrub interspaces (n = 8 arrays per plot, 4 per array type). Data were collected in the fall of 2023 at the end of the second growing season following array installation. There are no immediate plans to continue data collection.
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