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FIGURE 3 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

FIGURE 3. Characters proposed herein and identified as polymorphic in Juliomys species. 1—Short nasal in the paratype of J. rimofrons (MN46703); 2—Long nasal in the paratype of J. rimofrons (MN61646); 3—Anterior cingulum in J. pictipes (UFES2269); 4—Vestigial anterior cingulum in J. ossitenuis (UFSM599); 5—Anterior cingulum absent in J. ossitenuis (MN81912); 6—Enteroloph and enterostyle, both present in J. pictipes (MN77793); 7—Only enterostyle present in J. pictipes (UFSM517); 8—Both absent in the holotype of J. ximenezi (MCNU868). Line = triple point lacrimal-maxillary-frontal suture; arrow = extension of nasal; ac = anterior cingulum; el = enteroloph; es = enterostyle. Scale = 2 mm in images 1–2 and 1 mm in images 3–8.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

FIGURE 2. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull of J. anoblepas. 1—Photo modified from Pardiñas & Teta (2011); 2—Photo by Kasper Hansen, illustrating the current state of preservation of the specimen. The specimen is housed at Lund Collection (ZMUC), Copenhagen, Denmark, but it has no catalog number. Its recognition is unquestionable by Winge (1887)'s description and illustration. Scale = 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

FIGURE 1. Map showing the collecting localities of specimens of J. pictipes (black circles), J. anoblepas (star), J. ossitenuis (white circles), J. rimofrons (triangles), J. ximenezi (squares). Atlantic Forest extension is marked in gray and numbers correspond to the localities listed in appendix 1.

FIGURE 5 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

FIGURE 5. Characters previously proposed as diagnostic, and herein identified as polymorphic or invariable. 1—Little excavated zygomatic notch in J. pictipes (MN81096); 2—Zygomatic notch more excavated in J. pictipes (MN69764); 3—Frontal fontanelle absent in J. pictipes (UFES2421); 4—Frontal fontanelle present in J. pictipes (UFES2432); 5–8—Interorbital region is hourglass shaped in all specimens of Juliomys: note differences in the shape of supraorbital margin, which is squared in J. pictipes (Fig. 5.5, MN77793), rounded in J. ossitenuis (Fig. 5.6, MN81085), rounded in J. rimofrons (Fig. 5.7, MN46703), and slightly squared in J. ximenezi (Fig. 5.8, MCNU868); 9–10—Posterolateral pits with same size in J. ossitenuis (Fig. 5.9, MN81852), and in J. pictipes (Fig. 5.10, MZUSP32666). Horizontal arrow = frontal fontanelle; inclined arrow = supraorbital margin. Scale = 2 mm in images 1–8 and 1 mm in images 9–10.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

FIGURE 4. Frequency of states related to characters that can be applied to J. anoblepas. 1—Extension of the nasal; 2—Depth of the zygomatic notch; 3—Frontal fontanelle; 4—Extension of the incisive foramen; 5—Anterior cingulum; 6—Enteroloph and enterostyle. Numbers in bars correspond to number of specimens that have each state. Abbreviations: pic = J. pictipes, oss = J. ossitenuis, rim = J. rimofrons, and xim = J. ximenezi.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

FIGURE 6. Scatterplot results of principal component analysis of log-transformed cranial measurements. Juliomys anoblepas hypodigm is indicated by an asterisk (*). Numbers indicate holotypes: 1, J. pictipes (FMNH26814); 2, J. ossitenuis (MN69752); 3, J. rimofrons (MN61647); and 4, J. ximenezi (MCNU868).

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships among the species of Juliomys represented by the maximum likelihood phylogram resulting from the analysis of 801 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Numbers above branches represent parsimony and likelihood bootstrap support, and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively. Numbers below branches correspond to average Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances among members of the clade.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 9. Conventional staining of the karyotype of J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (MBML 2783, male), showing 2n=20 NFa=36.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 7. Left humerus, scapula, and clavicle of: A, J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (MZUSP 33171); B, J. pictipes (UFMG 3168). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Upper left (above) and lower right (below) molar toothrows of: A, J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (MN 69752, the holotype); B, J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (MZUSP 33171); C, J. pictipes (FMNH 26814, the holotype); D, J. pictipes (UFMG 3159). Arrows point to the ectolophid/ectostylid on m1 and m2 of J. ossitenuis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Photograph of FMNH 26814 by Pablo Gonçalves.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral views of the skulls of the holotypes of: A, J. pictipes (FMNH 26814),; B, J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (MN 69752); C, J. rimofrons (MN 61647). Scale bar = 5 mm. Photograph of FMNH 26814 by Pablo Gonçalves.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Picture of a male Juliomys ossitenuis sp. nov. (MBML 2783) from Macieira, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Photograph by Pedro L. Peloso.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Collecting localities of J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (circles), J. pictipes (triangles) and J. rimofrons (star), and syntopy of J. ossitenuis and J. pictipes (square). Numbers correspond to the localities listed in the Appendix.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral views of the skins of: A, J. pictipes (UFMG 3168); B, J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (MN 69752, the holotype); C, J. rimofrons (MN 61647, the holotype).

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Juliomys (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 5. Lateral view of the skulls and mandibles of the holotypes of: A, J. pictipes (FMNH 26814); B, J. ossitenuis sp. nov. (MN 69752); C, J. rimofrons (MN 61647). Scale bar = 5 mm. Photograph of FMNH 26814 by Pablo Gonçalves.

FIGURE 6 in Rediscovery of Juliomys pictipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina: emended diagnosis, geographic distribution, and insights on genetic structure

FIGURE 6. Selected cranial traits in adult (except noted) Juliomys pictipes (CIES-M 23). A. Rostrum in dorsal view: note the inconspicuous zygomatic notches and broad zygomatic root; B. Interorbital region: the arrow indicates incomplete fusion in the anterior part of the interfrontal suture; C. Interorbital region in a juvenile specimen (CNP 895); D. Rostrum in lateral view: note the almost absence of upper free border in the zygomatic plate; E. Interfrontal depression; F. Mesopterygoid fossa; G. Palatal and postpalatal region of a juvenile specimen (CNP 895): note the complete ossification of the mesopterygoid fossa roof; H. Temporal region; I. Braincase; J. Auditory capsule: note the extension of the meatus; K. Squamosal-alisphenoid region; L. Upper first molar detail: note the crested corona and the well developed mesoloph. Abbreviations: acl = anterior opening alisphenoid canal, bu = auditory capsule, cc = carotid canal, d = interfrontal depression, f = frontal, fo = foramen ovale, i = interparietal, m = maseteric tubercle, M1 = first upper molar, M2 = second upper molar, M3 = third upper molar, ma = meatus, mb = trough for masticatory-buccinator nerve, mf = mesopterygoid fossa, ms mesoloph, mt = mastoid, mx = maxilla, na = nasal, oc = occipital, p = lateral portion of the parietal, pa = parapterygoid fossa, pm = premaxilla, ppp = postpalatal posterolateral pit, pr = parietal, r = zygomatic root, sb = supernumerary bone, sq = squamosal, t = tegmen tympani, zp = zygomatic plate.

FIGURE 5 in Rediscovery of Juliomys pictipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina: emended diagnosis, geographic distribution, and insights on genetic structure

FIGURE 5. Lateral, dorsal and ventral views of the skull of Juliomys pictipes (CIES-M 23) from Misiones, Argentina (scale = 5 mm).

FIGURE 8 in Rediscovery of Juliomys pictipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina: emended diagnosis, geographic distribution, and insights on genetic structure

FIGURE 8. Stomach of Juliomys pictipes (CNP 895): internal view of the dorsal half. Abbreviations: p: pilorous; ia: incisura angularis; e: esophagus; ce: cornified squamous epithelium; co: corpus; bf: bordering fold; ge: glandular epithelium; a: antrum.

FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery of Juliomys pictipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina: emended diagnosis, geographic distribution, and insights on genetic structure

FIGURE 4. Manus and pes of Juliomys pictipes from Misiones, Argentina (MLP 1.I.03.24): a. Manus, palmar surface; b. Pes, dorsal surface (note the bicolor condition); c. Pes, plantar surface.

FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery of Juliomys pictipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina: emended diagnosis, geographic distribution, and insights on genetic structure

FIGURE 2. Recording localities of Juliomys pictipes: ARGENTINA: MISIONES: 1. Parque Nacional Iguazú; 2. Parque Provincial "Ernesto Che Guevara;" 3. Reserva Privada de Usos Múltiples de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata "Valle del Arroyo Cuña Pirú"; BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO: 4. Buri; not specific locality provided; 5. Mulheres and Museros; 6. Fazenda Sakamoto, Campinho; Fazenda Sakamoto, Portão; Fazenda Intervales; 7. Fragmento Citadini; Fragmento Divisa; Três Quedas; Moacir; Paraguai; Cogumelo; 8. Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, 20 km NW Sorocaba; 9. Piedade, not specific locality provided; 10. Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande, Caucaia do Alto; 11. Riacho Grande; 12. Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety; RIO DE JANEIRO: 13. Mata do Mamede; 14. Fazenda Boa Fė; MINAS GERAIS: 15. Reserva Particular do Patrimȏnio Natural do Caraça, 25 km SW Santa Barbara; 16. Estação de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti. The grey area represents the approximate cover of the Atlantic Forest.