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4 results for “Kallima inachus”
De novo genome assembly of Kallima inachus
<p><span>Oakleaf butterflies in the genus <em>Kallima</em> have a polymorphic wing phenotype, enabling these insects to masquerade as dead leaves. By studying mechanisms that shape the genetic and species diversity of these butterflies, a new perspective can be provided to understand the evolutionary innovation driven by geographic changes and natural selection.</span></p> <p><span>We found that leaf wing polymorphism in <em>Kallima</em> butterflies is controlled by the wing patterning gene cortex. We hypothesized that multiple mechanisms may independently lead to the reduction or suppression of recombination among different cortex haplotypes. To test this hypothesis, w</span>e performed Nanopore re-sequencing and <em>de novo</em> genome assembly for 4 <em>Kallima inachus</em> individuals and obtained 4 individual genomes. We identified two chromosomal inversions spanning these haplotypes.</p>
De novo genome assembly of Kallima inachus
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Data from: Chromosome-level reference genome assembly and gene editing of the dead-leaf butterfly Kallima inachus
<p class="p">The leaf resemblance of <i><span>Kallima</span></i> (Nymphalidae) butterflies<i> </i>is an important ecological adaptive mechanism that increases survival. However, the genetic mechanism underlying ecological adaptation remains unclear owing to a dearth of genomic information. Herein, we revealed the karyotype (n = 31) of the dead-leaf butterfly <i><span>Kallima inach</span></i><i><span>us</span></i>, assembled its high-quality chromosome-level reference genome (568.92 Mb; contig N50: 19.20 Mb), and identified its Z and candidate W chromosomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on these aspects of this species. In the assembled genome, 15,309 protein-coding genes and 49.86% repeat elements were annotated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that <i><span>K. inachus</span></i> diverged from <i><span>Melitaea cinxia </span></i>(no leaf resemblance), both of which are in Nymphalinae, around 40 million years ago. Demographic analysis indicated that the effective population size of <i><span>K. inach</span></i><i><span>us</span></i> decreased during the last interglacial period in the Pleistocene. The wings of adults with the pigmentary gene <i><span>ebony</span></i> knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 showed phenotypes in which the orange dorsal region and entire ventral surface darkened, suggesting its vital role in the ecological adaption of dead-leaf butterflies. Our results provide important genome resources for investigating the genetic mechanism underlying protective resemblance in dead-leaf butterflies and insights into the molecular basis of protective coloration.</p>
Data from: Chromosome-level reference genome assembly and gene editing of the dead-leaf butterfly Kallima inachus
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