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121 results for “Kansas”
Nutrient amendment effects on phytoplankton, water chemistry, and cyanotoxins in the 2018 Large-Scale Mesocosm Experiment at the University of Kansas Field Station
This dataset includes water physicochemical parameters, phytoplankton community composition, and cyanobacteria metabolites collected during a 21-day nutrient amendment experiment conducted from 23 July to 13 August 2018 at the University of Kansas Biological Station, Lawrence, KS, United States (39.049674°N, 95.190777°W). The experiment was performed using 18 large-scale, closed-bottom fiberglass tanks (volume: 11,000 L; height: 1.25 m; diameter: 3 m). Three tanks served as ambient controls (CON), while the others received one of the following nutrient treatments: nitrogen only (280 µM) as either ammonium chloride (NH4) or sodium nitrate (NO3); nitrogen (280 µM) plus phosphorus (200 µM) as either ammonium chloride + dipotassium phosphate (NHP) or sodium nitrate + dipotassium phosphate (NOP); and phosphorus only (200 µM) as dipotassium phosphate (P). Each tank received an initial nutrient dose on Day 0.5, followed by weekly additions of 20% of the initial amendment to maintain treatment conditions. All data were quality controlled to correct basic errors and to remove measurements outside the manufacturer’s standard operational ranges.
Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Hay meadow restoration experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Hay meadow restoration experiment, previously funded by USDA, was established in 2000 in a section of the field that was left unplowed at the start of the experiment. Thus Experiment 2 was initiated in the context of secondary succession on recently abandoned cool-season hayfield where hay grass species were dominant at the start of the study. In this experiment we have been monitoring plant community change annually since 2001 in response to two aspects of hay management important in our area: annual fertilization and annual haying. The experimental design involves factorial manipulations of nutrient supply (two levels of NPK fertilization), annual haying (two levels: hayed; not hayed) and propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 41 native prairie species to half of the plots. Experiment 2 parallels Experiment 1 with manipulations of soil resources and species pools, but does so in the contexts of hay management and native prairie hay meadow restoration.
University of Kansas Field Station: Water level and ice cover at Frank B. Cross Reservoir (Kansas, USA) 1993 - 2016
This database is from regular monitoring of water level and surface ice cover at Frank B. Cross Reservoir, a small freshwater impoundment in northeastern Kansas (USA). Cross Reservoir, located at the University of Kansas Field Station near Lawrence (KS), has a 3-ha surface area and a maximum depth of 12 m. Measurements of water elevation and estimates of ice cover were made at semi-monthly intervals (i.e., roughly every two weeks). The first data were taken in December 1993, shortly after the reservoir was constructed and first filled to capacity. Water levels were measured relative to a permanent water control structure. Ice cover observations were visual estimates of the percent (%) surface of the reservoir covered with ice. Water level measurements and ice cover estimates are made at the same time. This database is updated periodically and maintenance is ongoing.
University of Kansas Field Station: Forest demography, 1980 – 2015. On ten study plots established on three management units all live trees with a dbh > 7.5 cm (3 in) were identified to species, measured, and tagged. Trees were initially measured in 1980/1981 and re-measured in three successive time periods: 1993/95; 2002/03; and 2014/15. Trees will be measured again in 2025/26.
In 1980 researchers at the University of Kansas initiated a long-term experiment monitoring the composition of oak-hickory forest communities at the University’s field station near Lawrence, Kansas. The purpose of the study was to determine how forest species composition varied temporally across distinct habitats that varied in topography, elevation, sun exposure, management history and successional stage. Ten permanent sites were sampled approximately each decade with data collection periods of 1980/81, 1993/95, 2002/03, and 2014/15. Trees with a minimum diameter at breast height (dbh) of ≥ 7.5 cm were tagged, identified to species and measured. Trees will be measured again in 2025/26.
Fig. 2 in The giant resin bee making its way west: First record in Kansas (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Fig. 2. Potential distribution of Megachile sculpturalis Smith in North America based on predictive ecological niche model proposed by Hinojosa-Díaz et al. (2005).
Fig. 3 in The giant resin bee making its way west: First record in Kansas (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Fig. 3. Observed distribution for Megachile sculpturalis Smith in the United States; records of the species mapped by time series according to available data; the star symbol corresponds to the record from Lawrence, Kansas.
Smoke designations for eastern Kansas monitoring sites during March-May 2022
<p class="Abstract">Prescribed fires (fires intentionally set for mitigation purposes) produce pollutants, which have negative effects on human and animal health. One of the pollutants produced from fires is fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>). PM<sub>2.5</sub> can penetrate deep into the lungs and harm cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The Flint Hills region of Kansas experiences extensive prescribed burning each spring (March - May). Smoke from prescribed fires is often understudied due to a lack of monitoring in the rural regions where prescribed burning occurs, as well as the short duration and small size of the fires. Our goal was to attribute PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations to the prescribed burning in the Flint Hills. To determine PM<sub>2.5</sub> increases from local burning, we used low-cost PM<sub>2.5</sub> sensors (PurpleAir) and satellite observations. The Flint Hills were also affected by smoke transported from fires in other regions during 2022. We separated the transported smoke from smoke from fires in eastern Kansas. Based on data from the PurpleAir sensors, we found the 24-hour median PM<sub>2.5</sub> increased by 5.2 µg m<sup>-3</sup> on days impacted by smoke from fires in the eastern Kansas region compared to days unimpacted by smoke. We found the Flint Hills to be the most smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> impacted region compared to the surrounding area across satellite products and in-situ measurements. </p>
FIGURE 26 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 26. Dicotylophyllum leptovenum Wang and Dilcher, 2009. 1, UF15706-24734, incomplete leaf showing strong primary vein and asymmetric lamina base. Scale bar equals 5 mm. 2, Enlargement of Figure 26.1 to show secondary and tertiary veins. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 22 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 22. Wingia expansolobum (Upchurch and Dilcher) comb. nov. 1, UF15706-14825, specimen showing a large leaf with irregular shape of lateral lobes. Note the structurally reinforced margin on sinus, pluvinus lamina extension on the thin and long petiole. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, Enlargement of Figure 22.1 to show the pluvinus lamina extension on the petiole. Scale bar equals 2 mm. 3, UF15706-24461, enlargement of Figure 22.4 (area indicated by arrow) to show looping of secondary veins near the lamina margin. Scale bar equals 1 mm. 4, UF15706-24461, specimen showing a small leaf. Scale bar equals 5 mm.
FIGURE 17 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 17. Sapindopsis retallackii sp. nov. 1, UF15706-3153, showing a leaflet with entire margin. Note the petiolule at the base (indicated by arrow). Scale bar equals 5 mm. 2, Enlargement of Figure 17.1 to show numerous thin secondary and intersecondary veins. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 14 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 14. Sapindopsis powelliana (Lesquereux) comb. nov. 1, UF15706-24670, leaf with three leaflets. Note bilobed ultimate leaflet. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, UF15706-4812, leaf with narrow oblong leaflets. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 9. 1 and 3 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 9. 1 and 3, Rogersia dakotensis Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-24798, general leaf shape, note thin secondary veins forming intramarginal veins (scale bar equals 5 mm) (1) and enlargement to show intramarginal veins formed by looping secondary veins (scale bar equals 1 mm) (3). 2 and 4, Rogersia parlatorii Dilcher and Wang, 2006, UF15706-7529, specimen showing leaf shape (scale bar equals 5 mm) (2) and enlargement to show secondary venation (scale bar equals 5 mm) (4).
FIGURE 8 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 8. Pabiania variloba Upchurch and Dilcher, 1990. 1, UF15706-14823, leaf showing basal actinodromous primary venation and basal secondary veins. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, UF15706-24464, leaf showing rounded lobe apex. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 3, UF15706-24587, specimen showing a small lobe on the left and entire margin on the right of the leaf. Scale bar equals 5 mm. 4, Enlargement of Figure 8.2 to show straight primary vein extending to lobe apex and two series of loops in the excostal region. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 5. 1-2 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 5. 1-2, Aquatifolia fluitans Wang and Dilcher 2006b, UF15706-8263′, leaf showing the spherical float on the petiole (1) and UF15706-24120, leaf showing cordate base and thin high order venation (2). Scale bars equal 5 mm. 3-4, Brasenites kansense Wang and Dilcher, 2006b, UF15706-14806, specimen (3) and line drawing (4) to show suborbiculate leaf shape, entire leaf margin, peltate central base, major primary veins. Scale bars equal 1 cm.
FIGURE 11. 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 11. 1, Jarzenia kanbrasota Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-3171, showing elliptic leaf shape and secondary venation. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, Liriophyllum kansense Dilcher and Crane, 1984, UF15826-3188, showing deeply lobed leaf, long petiole, and secondary venation. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 3, Credneria cyclophylla (Heer) Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-14821, leaf showing craspedodromous venation. Note all secondary veins and their exmedial branches terminating on leaf margin, resulting in a wavy appearance of leaf margin. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 2 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 2. Chart shows the Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian stratigraphic units in Kansas, the Tri-state area (Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota; modified from figure 4 of Brenner et al., 2000), and Minnesota (modified from figure 8 of Setterholm, 1994). 1, Courtland I clay pit, Minnesota; 2, Rose Creek, Nebraska; 3, Braun Ranch, Kansas; and 4, Hoisington III, Kansas.
FIGURE 4. 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 4. 1, Crassidenticulum decurrens (Lesquereux) Upchurch and Dilcher, 1990, UF15706-24648, fragment of leaf lamina. Note fine teeth on margin (indicated by arrow). Scale bar equals 2 mm. 2, Crassidenticulum trilobum Dilcher and Wang, 2006a, UF15706-24677, a trilobed leaf. Note thin and long petiole. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 3-4, cf. Crassidenticulum trilobum Dilcher and Wang, 2006a, UF15706-24684, a five lobed leaf (scale bar equals 1 cm) (3) and an enlargement of Figure 4.3 to show decurrent lamina tissue between two adjacent lobes (indicated by arrow) (scale bar equals 1 mm) (4).
FIGURE 7 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 7. Pabiania variloba Upchurch and Dilcher, 1990. 1-3, UF15706-24423, specimen showing suprabasal actinodromous primary venation (scale bar equals 1 cm) (1), enlargement of a sinus area to show sinus bracing by secondary veins (scale bar equals 2 mm) (2); and enlargement of basal portion of leaf to show two pairs of basal secondary veins (scale bar equals 2 mm) (3). 4-5, UF15706-30154, specimen showing a long petiole and ocrea-like structure at the base (scale bar equals 5 mm) (4) and enlargement of the petiole to show the ocrea-like structure (scale bar equals 2 mm) (5). 6, UF15706-14832, specimen showing suprabasal actinodromous primary venation and acute apices of the lobes. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 21 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 21. Wingia expansolobum (Upchurch and Dilcher) comb. nov. 1, UF15706-30158a, specimen showing a complete leaf. Note the long petiole with a swollen base and the extension of lamina tissue on the petiole. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, Enlargement of the petiole in Figure 21.1 to show the swollen base. Scale bar equals 2 mm. 3, UF15706-30158b, enlargement of a leaf on the back of the same specimen to show high order venation and glandular teeth. Scale bar equals 3 mm. 4, UF15706-24788, specimen showing a deeply lobed leaf. Note apically curved outer lateral lobes. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 10. 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
FIGURE 10. 1, Rogersia dakotensis Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-24620, general leaf shape. Note short petiole. Scale bar equals 5 mm. 2-3, Wolfiophyllum pfaffianum (Heer) Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-14815, basal and middle portion of leaf, note strong primary vein and entire margin (scale bar equals 1 cm) (2) and enlargement of Figure 10.2 (area indicated by arrow) to show eucamptodromous venation, note intersecondary veins (Scale bar equals 1 mm) (3).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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