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15 results for “LTREB”
Recruitment data from 1997 to 2021 for mussels, barnacles and rockweeds from an LTREB project in the Gulf of Maine, USA
Experimental clearings in macroalgal (Ascophyllum nodosum) stands were made in 1996 to determine if mussel beds and macroalgal stands on protected intertidal shores in New England represent alternative community states. Uncleared control plots and four sizes of circular clearings (1m, 2m, 4m and 8m in diameter), which mimicked ice scour events, were established in A. nodosum stands at 12 sites on Swan’s Island, Maine, USA. The purpose of these datasets is to provide access to data on recruitment of mussels, barnacles and fucoid seaweeds in the 60 experimental plots from 1997 to 2021. Earlier versions of the data prior to 2013 can be found in Ecological Archives (E090-039 and E096-274). This EDI version includes corrections of errors in the versions in Ecological Archives. Research was funded by NSF's LTREB program.
LTREB Terrestrial data 2012 - current
Pitfall traps measure the activity density of ground-dwelling arthropod communities; Infall traps measure the deposition of flying insects Sticky Cards measure the amount of flying insects with distance from the shoreline. Emergence traps measure the quantity of emerging chironomids
Data of predation on mussels from an LTREB project in the Gulf of Maine, USA, from 1996 to 2021.
Experimental clearings in macroalgal (Ascophyllum nodosum) stands were made in 1996 to determine if mussel beds and macroalgal stands on protected intertidal shores in New England represent alternative community states. Uncleared control plots and four sizes of circular clearings (1m, 2m, 4m and 8m in diameter), which mimicked ice scour events, were established in A. nodosum stands at 12 sites on Swan’s Island, Maine, USA. This dataset reports mussel predation on clumps of 15 mussels (Mytilus edulis) using mesh bags placed in the centers of clearings and controls. Mussel mortality was monitored in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2007 and then annually from 2010 to 2021. Causes of death were attributed to dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus), crabs (Carcinus maenas and Cancer spp.) or unknown causes. Presence and activities (e.g., drilling) of dogwhelks was also recorded. The standardized identifiers (Bay, Site, Plot) allow integration with related Environmental Data Initiative packages on community composition and recruitment of mussels, barnacles and rockweeds. Research was funded by NSF's LTREB program.
Forest tree, woody debris, root ingrowth, soil respiration and characterization data from long-term research plots for LTREB at the University of Michigan Biological Station
The NSF-funded project "LTREB: Drivers of temperate forest carbon storage from canopy closure through successional time" (2014-2024) supports research to meet the following goals: 1) elucidate mechanisms responsible for changes in C storage over decades to centuries; 2) link processes leading to persistence and resilience of forest C storage following disturbance; 3) quantify the effects of potential drivers such as forest structure, N availability, climate change, and atmospheric deposition on decadal and longer-term trajectories of C storage. Field activities for this research are conducted at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) on a pair of chronosequences and several old reference forests. Synthesis activities utilize data collected from these field sites in support of the LTREB project, as well as data synthesized from other sources (e.g., long-term UMBS plot data, AmeriFlux data, FIA data) all intended to address the core questions of the LTREB project. This dataset has been compiled and expanded over a series of versions, with new data types and observations appended periodically. Presently, the dataset includes observations from tree inventory censuses, woody debris sampling, fine root ingrowth cores, soil respiration measurements, and two sets of soil collections aimed at quantifying a range of physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil.
LTREB: Lake Myvatn Predation experiments at Myvatn, Iceland during 2009 and 2011
Changes in one prey species' density can indirectly affect the abundance of another prey species if a shared predator eats both species leading to positive or negative indirect effects. In some cases, indirect effects may occur when prey move into a habitat, such as when riparian predator populations grow in response to adult aquatic insects and increase predation on terrestrial prey. However, predators could instead switch to aquatic insects or become satiated, reducing predation on terrestrial prey. To determine the net indirect effect of aquatic insects on terrestrial arthropods via generalist spider predators, we conducted a field experiment using enclosures on the shoreline of an Icelandic lake with numerous aquatic midges. Midge abundance and wolf spider density were altered to mimic midge influx and a wolf spider numerical response. At all predator densities, the presence of midges decreased rates of predation on terrestrial prey. When midges were absent, predation was 30percent greater at high spider density. But when midges were present, predation of sentinel prey was equal across spider densities, negating the influence of increased predator density. In lab mesocosms, prey survivorship increased greater or equal 50percent where midges were present and rapidly saturated; the addition of 5, 20, 50 and 100 midges equivalently reduced spider predation, supporting predator distraction rather than satiation as the root cause. Our results demonstrate a strong positive indirect effect of midges, and broadly support the concept that predator responses to alternative prey are a major influence on the magnitude and direction of predator-mediated indirect effects.
LTREB experimental chironomid mesocosms at Myvatn, Iceland
During the summer of 2014, we conducted experiments testing whether increasing numbers of chironomid larvae would increase primary production and standing chlorophyll a concentrations. We incubated experimental mesocosms with varying numbers of chironomid larvae for 12 days in July. We tested sediments for chlorophyll a concentrations, as sediments are primarily composed of benthic diatoms. We tested the oxygen production in these mesocosms. We did this by sealing the mesocosms and incubating them in Lake Myvatn for 3 hours, and taking measurements of dissolved oxygen before and after the incubations. We were also interested in whether this increase in food resources might translate to increased growth rates of chironomid larvae at high larval densities. After stocking experimental mesocosms with varying numbers of chironomid larvae, we set these mesocosms in Lake Myvatn for 12 days. We collected the larvae at the end of the 12 day experiment and obtained the average dry weights of the Chironomus islandicus larvae in each mesocosm. We hypothesized that the tubes that chironomid larvae build would be a superior substrate for algal growth, as compared to loose sediments. Because there are two taxa (Chironomus islandicus and Tanytarsus gracilentus) that are overwhelmingly dominant at our study site, we wondered whether there would be differences in this effect between the two species. We stocked mesocosms with larvae from one of the two species, and mesocosms were then incubated in Lake Myvatn. We collected sediments and larval tubes from each mesocosm and tested their chlorophyll a concentrations. We hypothesized that one mechanism that chironomid larvae might alleviate algal nutrient limitation by depositing concentrated nutrients near algae in the form of larval excretions. We collected chironomid larvae from Lake Myvatn and placed them in distilled water. We then sieved out the larvae and their fecal passings, and transported the water samples to Madison, WI, USA,
LTREB: Marsh elevation change in control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC: 1990-2025.
Marsh elevation was measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) as a component of a long-term project seeking to understand how salt marsh primary production and sediment chemistry respond to anthropogenic (e.g. eutrophication) and natural (e.g. sea-level rise) environmental change. Feedbacks between plants, sediments, nutrients and flooding were investigated with particular attention to mechanisms that keep marshes in equilibrium with sea level. Other data collected as part of the project include aboveground annual primary productivity, plant biomass, plant density and porewater nutrient concentrations. These data have been used to develop the Marsh Equilibrium Model, an important tool for coastal resource managers. Sampling occurred at 7 Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh sites in North Inlet, a relatively pristine estuary near Georgetown, SC on the SE coast of the United States. North Inlet is a tidally-dominated, bar-built estuary, with a semi-diurnal mixed tide and a tidal range of 1.4m. The 25-km2 estuary is comprised of about 20.5 km2 of intertidal salt marsh and mudflats, and 4.5 km2 of open water. Marsh elevation sampling began in 1990, 1991, 1996 or 2000, depending on the site. Sampling occurred approximately monthly or approximately annually through 2025. The study is on-going. Additionally, some plots were fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus.
LTREB: Aboveground biomass, plant density, annual aboveground productivity, plant heights and snail observations in control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC: 1984-2025
Aboveground biomass and plant density were measured non-destructively as a component of a long-term project seeking to understand how salt marsh primary production and sediment chemistry respond to anthropogenic (e.g. eutrophication) and natural (e.g. sea-level rise) environmental change. Feedbacks between plants, sediments, nutrients and flooding were investigated with particular attention to mechanisms that keep marshes in equilibrium with sea level. Biomass was calculated from plant height measurements using allometric equations. Annual productivity was calculated from approximately-monthly biomass estimates. In addition to plant height measurements, observations of snails in sample plots were recorded. Other data collected as part of the project include marsh surface elevation and porewater nutrient concentrations. These data have been used to develop the Marsh Equilibrium Model, an important tool for coastal resource managers. Sampling occurred at Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh sites in North Inlet, a relatively pristine estuary near Georgetown, SC on the SE coast of the United States. North Inlet is a tidally-dominated, bar-built estuary, with a semi-diurnal mixed tide and a tidal range of 1.4m. The 25-km2 estuary is comprised of about 20.5 km2 of intertidal salt marsh and mudflats, and 4.5 km2 of open water. Sampling began at one location in 1984, and at three additional locations in 1986. Sampling occurred approximately monthly through 2025. The study is on-going. There are four sampling locations at two sites. Two locations are in the low marsh; two locations are in the high marsh. One high marsh location had control sampling plots in addition to plots fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus.
Densities and cover data for intertidal organisms from an LTREB project in the Gulf of Maine, USA, from 1996 to 2023.
Experimental clearings in macroalgal (Ascophyllum nodosum) stands were made in 1996 to determine if mussel beds and macroalgal stands on protected intertidal shores in New England represent alternative community states. Uncleared control plots and four sizes of circular clearings (1m, 2m, 4m and 8m in diameter), which mimicked ice scour events, were established in A. nodosum stands at 12 sites on Swan’s Island, Maine, USA. The purpose of these datasets is to provide access to data on densities and percentage cover in the 60 experimental plots from 1996 to 2023. Earlier versions of the data prior to 2007 can be found in Ecological Archives ( E087-047 and E089-032). The current EDI version includes corrections of errors in the versions in Ecological Archives. Data include densities of mussels (Mytilus edulis), an herbivorous limpet (Testudinalia testudinalis), herbivorous snails (Littorina littorea, Littorina obtusata), a predatory snail (Nucella lapillus), a barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides), and fucoid algae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus), and percentage cover by mussels, barnacles, fucoids and other sessile organisms. Research was funding by NSF's LTREB program.
LTREB Biological Limnology at Lake Myvatn, Iceland, 2012-2025
These data are part of a long-term monitoring program at Lake Myvatn, Iceland. The program was designed to characterize import benthic and pelagic variables across years as chironomid midge populations varied in abundance. Starting in 2012 samples were taken at roughly ten-day intervals during June, July, and August at a central location in the lake. Starting in 2015, additional five sites representing dominant habitat types were sampled generally three times each year. The dataset also includes occasional winter samples under ice.
Temperature datasets for stock tanks and natural sites at High, Medium, and Low elevations, as part of the LTREB Swordtail project in Hidalgo, Mexico, 2015 - 2025
The core of this project focuses on monitoring the phenotypic and genotypic evolution of experimental and natural hybrid populations of swordtails for ten generations. To get a clear understanding of how evolution shapes genome wide ancestry and the distribution of species-specific alleles at functional loci during early generations of hybridization, it's important to monitor these populations using experimental crosses. Eight replicate 2000 L mesocosm stock tanks were built at high (1514 m), intermediate (980 m), and low (186 m) elevations near the CICHAZ field site were seeded with Xiphophorus birchmanni – X. malinche F1 hybrids. The F1s were generated by crossing X. malinche females with X. birchmanni malesin stock tanks at CICHAZ, a research station in Calnali, Mexico. Tanks at higher elevations experience cooler water temperatures. Our experimental design thereby allows us to characterize how ecological selection shapes genotypic and phenotypic differences in thermal tolerance across hybrid populations exposed to different temperature regimes. The data contained in these files include recorded water temperature (in Celsius), taken every six hours from three stock tanks at low (186 m: STL), medium (980 m: STM), and high (1514 m: STH) elevations, along with three natural river sites. File Natural.csv contains the natural sites and the file Stock Tanks.csv contains the corresponding natural sites. Acuapa (ACUA) is paired with STL, Aguazarca (AGZC) is paired with STM, and Tlatemaco (TLMC) is paired with STH.
Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB): California vernal pool plant community ecology and restoration, 2000-2017
This data set includes annual vegetation data and selected water depth data collected during the period 2000-2017 from vernal pool basins that were constructed in 1999 as part of a large-scale vernal pool mitigation effort at Travis Air Force Base, California. The constructed pools covered an area of about 15 Ha and were located adjacent to a complex of naturally-occurring pools, which were used as reference sites for comparison. Five plant species were intentionally seeded into the pools according to five seeding treatment protocols to assess the influence of order of colonization, frequency of colonization, and dispersal limitation on vernal pool plant community assembly. Because water depth was known to influence plant species distributions, water depth was recorded weekly during the winter wet season in selected years for each constructed and reference pool at the site. Seed plots were 50 cm x 50 cm and were permanently marked and used for repeated sampling of vegetation from 2000-2017. For each plant species that occurred in the plots, the frequency of occurrence was recorded as the number of squares out of a 100-cell grid laid over the plot in which that plant species appeared. For the five species that were planted into the plots, the frequency was recorded, as above, but in addition the number of individuals of that species in the plot was also recorded.
Secondary Contact LTREB: Lake metadata
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LTREB: Yaha Tinda Elk Project
<p>The Ya Ha Tinda Elk project is now amongst the longest running elk research project in the world. Initiated in 2000, the Ya Ha Tinda elk project is the result of a collaboration between University of Alberta, University of Montana, Parks Canada, and Alberta Environment and Parks, Fish and Wildlife Division. While early studies in the late 1970's and early 1980's lead by Dr. Luigi Morgantini laid the foundation for our latter studies (Morgantini and Hudson 1988), there was a ~ 20-year gap in active research on Alberta's most important elk population. Initiated at first because of questions regarding the changing migratory dynamics of the migratory Ya Ha Tinda elk population, the project has since evolved into North America's longest running wild, free-ranging elk research projects focused on fundamental and applied research.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span>The Ya Ha Tinda is one of Alberta's most pristine montane rough fescue winter ranges and elk which provides the habitat foundation for one of Canada's most iconic and largest populations. The Ya Ha Tinda elk population is also a transboundary system, with annual elk migratory cycles that have spanned two provinces (elk have migrated into Yoho National Park, British Columbia), two land management regimes including Banff National Park, Provincial Forest Land Use Zones, and Provincial multiple use zones. Ya Ha Tinda is also managed as a premier bull elk harvest area that provides much sought-after hunting opportunities to residents and guided hunters alike. Meaning mountain prairie in the Stoney Sioux language, Ya Ha Tinda has long been important to First Nation communities for hunting and traditional land use practices. And the region is also home to recovered populations of grizzly bears, wolves, and other large mammal predator-prey species, including for the first time in over a century – Plains bison. In this transboundary setting, our long-term research has contributed directly to enhancing interagency cooperation and management of this important elk population. </span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span>Our long-term studies have documented dramatic changes in migratory behavior and population dynamics arising from this complex landscape of gradients in carnivore densities, habitat productivity, and differences in land management practices. Over the last 30-40 years migrant to resident ratios have substantially decreased from 12:1 (1977-1987, (Morgantini and Hudson 1988)), 3:1 in the early 2000's (Hebblewhite et al. 2006), to more recently a ratio closer to 1:1 (Berg 2019). Early studies in the 2000's demonstrated that migratory elk moving west into BNP experienced much higher forage quality which translated to higher calf 8-month old weights and higher pregnancy rates (Hebblewhite et al. 2008). Yet western migrants also experienced reduced predation risk from wolves, but higher risk from grizzly bear predation (Hebblewhite and Merrill 2007, MacAulay 2019). Resident elk remaining year-round near Ya Ha Tinda, in contrast, experienced lower forage quality, but, compensated for this by reducing predation risk by seeking out fine-scale predation risk refugia surrounding human development at the Ya Ha Tinda (Hebblewhite and Merrill 2009, Robinson et al. 2010). Commensurate with these shifts in the migratory dynamics of this population have been correspondingly significant population shifts and changes (Hebblewhite et al. 2006, Killeen et al. 2015, Berg 2019). </span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span>In the last decade, a new migratory strategy has emerged with female elk now undertaking an eastward migration into Provincial multiple use lands in and adjacent to the 2001 Dogrib fire (Killeen et al. 2015). Long-term research revealed individual elk are making density-dependent switches in migratory behavior, evidently to seek out these new beneficial areas (Eggeman et al. 2016). In 2013 – 2017, we lead a neonate calf survival research component to understand spatial variation in calf survival (Berg 2019). Calf survival and cow:calf ratios have indicated that calf survival of elk migrating east on to industrial forest experienced higher calf survival. In January 2019, Jodi Berg defended her PhD thesis on elk calf survival, and her thesis details are provided in our publications section below. This new migratory behavior has seemingly stabilized the Ya Ha Tinda elk population, which has fluctuated between 400 – 600 elk now for almost a decade. Our long-term predator-prey research shows, however, that this stabilization is not likely a result of wolf or grizzly bear predation stabilizing the population at low density (Hebblewhite et al. 2018). Instead, our research suggests that migratory behavior itself may be providing escape from low densities (Hebblewhite et al. 2018). </span></span></p>
LTREB: Yaha Tinda Elk Project
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