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Fig. 6 in Molecular identification of two Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi as type B, in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica

Fig. 6. Histopathologic sections of ceca which were obtained from dead chicks infected with Eimeria spp. Arrowhead indicates macrogametocytes with a prominent wall-forming body (A), and arrows indicate zygotes or early oocysts, which are surrounded by an oocyst wall (A and B). Pathological lesions could not be observed because of severe degradation after death. Scale bars indicate 20 μm.

Fig. 3 in Molecular identification of two Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi as type B, in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica

Fig. 3. Phylogram of E. uekii, type B, other Eimeria spp., and related parasites (Cyclospora spp.) inferred by the neighbor-joining method using partial 18S rRNA gene sequences. Accession numbers and derived hosts are shown in parentheses. Scale bar represents substitutions per nucleotide, and bootstrap values are indicated (> 1000). Cystoisospora spp. are used as an outgroup taxon.

Fig. 4 in Molecular identification of two Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi as type B, in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica

Fig. 4. Phylogram of E. uekii, type B, and other related Eimeria spp. inferred by the neighbor-joining method using partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences. Accession numbers and derived hosts are shown in parentheses. Scale bar represents substitutions per nucleotide, and bootstrap values are indicated (> 1000). Toxoplasma gondii is used as an outgroup taxon.

Fig. 2 in Molecular identification of two Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi as type B, in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica

Fig. 2. Eimeria oocysts detected in the feces of Japanese rock ptarmigans. (A) E. uekii and (B) type B. Scale bars indicate 10 μm.

Fig. 1 in Molecular identification of two Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi as type B, in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica

Fig. 1. Location of three sampled areas in Japan, Mt. Tateyama (36̊35′N, 137̊36′E), Norikuradake (36̊6′N, 137̊33′E), and Kitadake (35̊40′N, 138̊14′E) (triangle boxes 1–3).

Fig. 5 in Molecular identification of two Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi as type B, in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica

Fig. 5. Composite line drawing of oocyst of Eimeria raichoi n. sp (previously referred as type B). Scale bars indicate 10 μm.

Fig. 3. Seasonal detection rate for E. uekii, type B in Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps

Fig. 3. Seasonal detection rate for E. uekii, type B, and mixed Eimeria spp. oocyst infection in both adults and chicks in 2006 and 2007. Numbers in parentheses below months indicate the total number of fecal samples analyzed. Data for the number of chicks (23 in 2006 and 11 in 2007) were only available for August.

Fig. 1 in Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps

Fig. 1. Seasonal prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection in Japanese rock ptarmigans from April to November in 2006 and 2007. (a) and (b) show the prevalence of infection in adult birds and chicks, respectively. Numbers above bars indicate the total number of fecal samples analyzed.

Fig. 2 in Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps

Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of eimerian oocysts detected in the feces of Japanese rock ptarmigans; (a) E. uekii and (b) type B. The scale bar indicates 20 μm.

Fig. 6 in Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps

Fig. 6. Average monthly environmental temperatures on the windward and leeward slopes of Mt. Tateyama from 2006 to 2007. The temperatures on the windward slopes were not measured in April. The table below the graph shows monthly maximum and minimum temperatures.

Fig. 5 in Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps

Fig. 5. Sporulation rate for Eimeria spp. (mainly E. uekii) after incubation at different temperatures for 48 h. Dark bars indicate sporulation rates of> 85% after incubation for 24 h.

Fig. 5 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 5. Eimeria oocysts (E. uekii) isolated from soil inside the cage (cage No. 6) (A) on Mt. Kita (35̊40′N, 138̊14′E), one of their habitats in the southern Japanese Alps and on Mt. Norikura as other habitats on northern Japanese Alps (B). In Fig. A, the sporocysts and sporozoites are clearly formed.

Fig. 4 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 4. Number of oocysts per gram (OPG) as seasonal detection rate for E. raichoi of hens (solid bars) and chicks (open bars) in cage Nos. 4–6 in 2019. Double arrows show the periods during which feces of hens were examined. ND indicates that we could not collect feces and did not determine the OPG.

Fig. 2 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 2. Histopathological photomicrograph of a section of the intestines of dead chicks during cage protection in 2018. Figs. A and B show developmental trophozoites (arrows) and schizonts (arrows) of Eimeria spp. at the epithelial cells of the colon (Chick c) and ileum (Chick a), respectively. Some zoites (arrows) invade into submucosa (ileum of Chick b) (Fig. C). Figs. D, E, and F show the sexual zoites or cavities after releasing oocysts (arrows) of the ileum (Chick a), ceca (Chick d), and ileum (Chick c). Arrowheads in Fig. F indicate hemorrhages in the intestinal mucosa.

Fig. 1 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 1. Shelter used for cage protection of Japanese rock ptarmigan broods on Mt. Kita (35̊40′N, 138̊14′E), Japan in 2019.

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Fig. 3. Sporulation rates for E in Distribution of Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in cage protection environments for the conservation of Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) in the Japanese Alps

Fig. 3. Sporulation rates for E. uekii (A) and E. raichoi (B) at temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 ◦ C.

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Fig. 1 in Distribution of Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in cage protection environments for the conservation of Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) in the Japanese Alps

Fig. 1. Location of Mt. Norikuradake (36◦06′N, 137◦33′E) in the Northern Japanese Alps (1) and Mt. Komagatake (35◦79′N, 137◦80′E) in the Central Japanese Alps (2). Three broods were transported from Mt. Norikuradake to Mt. Komagatake.