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39 results for “Lagrangian trajectories”
Lagrangian overturning in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic Ocean - ORCA025-GJM189 Particle Trajectory Dataset
<p>This dataset contains the output of Lagrangian particle tracking experiments using 5-day mean velocity and hydrographic fields from the ORCA025-GJM189 ocean sea-ice model hindcast configured during the Drakkar project in which numerical particles are initialised along the northward inflows across the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) East section. Particles are advected using a bespoke version of TRACMASS v7.1 Lagrangian particle tracking tool using the regular step-wise stationary advection scheme and an adapted implementation of the vertical turbulent mixing parameterisation created by Paris et al. (2013) for the Connectivity Modelling System Lagrangian particle tracking tool. This vertical turbulent mixing scheme only acts on particles found within the surface mixed layer (as evaluated along particle trajectories) and randomly reshuffles them according to a maximum vertical velocity of 10 cm/s - characteristic of vertical convective plumes. Note, particles cannot be artificially subducted across the base of the mixed layer into the ocean interior using this scheme.</p> <p>Particles are initialised on the first-available day of each month (based on the centre of the model fields 5-day mean windows) between 1976 and 2008 (inclusive) before being advected within the Iceland and Irminger Basins until any one of three termination conditions are met: 1) particles return southward across OSNAP East, 2) particles flow northward across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, or 3) particles reach the maximum advection time of 7-years. The 7-year maximum advection time ensures >99.1% of all initialised particles meet one of conditions 1) or 2), hence only 0.9% of all particles are terminated between OSNAP East and the Greenland-Scotland Ridge.</p> <p>The number of particles initialised in each model-grid cell scales with the total northward transport through that cell, such that the maximum possible transport conveyed by any single particle is 2.5 mSv (mSv == 1E-3 Sv), enabling the calculation of robust Lagrangian statistics.</p> <p>Particle locations (referenced to the original ORCA025 model grid) and properties (potential temperature, salinity, potential density and local mixed layer depth) are stored in the output files on every model-grid cell crossing. TRACMASS determines particle properties on grid-cell crossings by taking the average of the properties stored at the nearest two T-grid points.</p> <p>In total, four Lagrangian experiments were conducted at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford. Please see README.md for a full description of all Lagrangian experiments and the accompanying output files.</p> <p><strong>For a complete description of the ORCA025-GJM189 hindcast configuration see:</strong> https://github.com/meom-configurations/ORCA025.L75-GJM189.</p> <p><strong>For a complete description of TRACMASS v7.1 see</strong>: https://github.com/TRACMASS/tracmass</p>
Model Lagrangian trajectories and deformation data analyzed in the Sea Ice Rheology Experiment - Part I
<p>Model Lagrangian trajectories and deformation estimates for sea-ice models participating in the Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx) - Part I. Model Lagrangian trajectories are integrated offline, starting on January 1st with all available raw RGPS cells positions (interpolated to January 1st 00:00:00 UTC). The trajectories are advected at an hourly time step with the models daily velocity output until March 31st. The trajectories are then sampled at a 3-day interval to match the RGPS composite time stamps, and the velocity derivatives (deformation) are calculated using the line integral approximations on the cells' contour. All model trajectories and Lagrangian deformation data therefore have nominal temporal and spatial scales of 3-days and 10-km (same as the RGPS composite), regardless of the original resolution of the model output. The model Lagrangian deformation estimates form the basis quantity for the statistical and spatio-temporal scaling analysis presented in Bouchat et al., Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx), Part I: Scaling and statistical properties of sea-ice deformation fields, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2022). This paper also provides further details on the model trajectory integration and deformation calculation.</p> <p>There is one netCDF file per model, per year (1997 and/or 2008). Data are organized in matrices where the (i,j) indices are the Lagrangian cells identifier. This allows us to keep track of neighbouring cells for the scaling analysis. See below for more information on what variables are included in the files, their structure, and how to cite. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>1. File naming convention</strong></p> <p>"< Model simulation label >" + _ + "deformation" + _ + "< year >" </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>2. Variables included</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>(x1,y1), (x1,y2), (x3,y3), (x4,y4)</em>: Position of the cells' corners (Lagrangian trajectories) - (meters);</li> <li><em>A</em>: Cells' area - (meters squared);</li> <li><em>dudx, dudy, dvdx, dvdy</em>: Cell's velocity derivatives (strain rates/deformation) - (1/seconds);</li> <li><em>d_dudx, d_dudy, d_dvdx, d_dvdy</em>: Trajectory error on cells' velocity derivatives - (1/seconds);</li> <li><em>time</em>: Day of year.</li> </ul> <p><strong>*Note:</strong> the model trajectories are terminated if they move within 100 km from land. Before computing deformation statistics to compare with RGPS composite data, one should mask both deformation sets to only keep cells available in both the model and RGPS data sets.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>3. Variable structure</strong></p> <p>All variables (except <em>time</em>) are matrices with axes (<em>it, i, j </em>), where <em>it</em> is the time stamp/iteration and<em> i,j </em>are the cells identifiers. See below for how the cells are defined: </p> <p> |--------------------------------------------------------------><sub> <strong>j-axis</strong> </sub> <br> | <br> | <strong>(</strong><strong>x1_ij,y1_ij</strong><strong>)</strong> <strong>o</strong> -------------------<strong> o</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong>x2_ij,y2_ij</strong><strong>)</strong> <br> | | | <br> | | <strong>A_ij or dudx_ij</strong> | <strong> </strong><br> | | | <br> | <strong>(</strong><strong>x4_ij,y4_ij</strong><strong>) </strong><strong>o</strong> ------------------- <strong>o</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong>x3_ij,y3_ij</strong><strong>)</strong> <br> | <br> |<br> V<sub><strong>i-axis</strong></sub> </p> <p> </p> <p>Hence, coordinates are repeated between neighbouring cells, for example: (x2_ij,y2_ij) = (x1_ij+1,y1_ij+1) and (x4_ij,y4_ij) = (x1_i+1j,y1_i+1j)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>4. Recommended citation usage</strong></p> <p>If <em>all</em> simulations included in the current archive are used in a future study, we ask to cite this archive and the SIREx paper (Bouchat et al., 2022). If only <em>selected </em>simulations are used, we ask to cite both this archive and the reference paper(s) applying to the selected simulation(s) (as stated indicated in Table 1 of the SIREx papers).</p>
Lagrangian Water Age trajectories initiated from the coastal 500m isobath and derived from surface velocities obtained from satellite observations
We conduct a Lagrangian particle trajectory analysis of surface velocities. We define an “offshore water age” as the time taken by a water parcel to be advected backward in time from its current position along its trajectory until it crosses the 500 m isobath. The rationale of this diagnostic is to detect filaments of coastal water advected offshore by horizontal transport and to estimate the time for water parcels in the filament o leave the coastal area. For example, a value of “20 days” assigned to a pixel means that the water parcel in that area was in the coastal area approximately 20 days before, where it was likely enriched in nutrients.
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y1 & Y2
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 1996 (Y1) and 1997 (Y2).</p>
The Lagrangian particle trajectory output and the metadata of the Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Divide location for 'Localizing the Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Divide'
<p>1. Trajectory files<br> <br> The Lagrangian particle trajectory output files from virtual particle release experiments at the surface and 500m depth using Connectivity Modeling System (Paris et al. 2013, https://github.com/beatrixparis/connectivity-modeling-system) run offline in the ACCESS-OM2-01 model (Kiss et al., 2020), a global 0.1° ocean sea-ice model, with a JRA55-do repeat year neutral state atmospheric forcing (Stewart et al., 2020).<br> <br> These trajectory datasets are compressed to two .rar format files for 2 depths, which were outputted from the Connectivity Modeling System v2.0 (CMS) in NetCDF format. Trajectory files include latitude, longitude, depth, interpolated along-track salinity and interpolated along-track temperature for each particle which are outputted every five days in the virtual particle tracking experiment. In addition, these datasets also contain the "exitcode" and release date information of each particle. More information please see in the CMS user guide. Other experiment setup files included in each release directory are "nest_1.nml", "runconf.list" and "ibm.list".<br> <br> These datasets are the original data output by the CMS. Limited by multiple nodes and maximum running time on the supercomputer, the surface release experiment is composed of 5 consecutive sub-experiments, and the 500m release experiment is composed of 3 consecutive sub-experiments. Each sub-experiment contains 48 independent output NetCDF files. <br> <br> 2. SOBD files<br> <br> These two .rar SOBD files are original arrays of the percentage of the upper cell minus the lower cell (i.e., the SOBD percentage) at surface and 500m depth (as presented in Fig.3 in Localizing the Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Divide).<br> <br> We provide original arrays in both .csv and .npz formats. More information can be found in the "Readme.txt" file in each .rar file.<br> <br> Citation of associated paper: Y. Xie, V. Tamsitt, L. T. Bach Localizing the Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Divide. <strong><em>to be submitted to Geophysical Research Letters</em></strong></p> <p><br> References:</p> <p>Kiss, A. E., Hogg, A. M., Hannah, N., Dias, F. B., Brassington, G. B., Chamberlain, A., . . . Stewart, K. D. (2020). ACCESS-OM2 v1 . 0 : a global ocean – sea ice model at three resolutions. <strong><em>Geoscientific Model Development</em></strong>,13, 401–442. doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-401-2020</p> <p>Paris, A. C. B., Vaz, A. C., Helgers, J., & Wood, S.(2017).Connectivity Modeling System User 's Guide CMS v 2 . 0. Retrieved from https://github.com/beatrixparis/connectivity-modeling-system</p> <p>Stewart, K. D., Hogg, A. M. C., England, M. H., & Waugh, D. W.(2020).Response of the Southern Ocean Overturning Circulation to Extreme Southern408Annular Mode Conditions. <strong><em>Geophysical Research Letters</em></strong>,47(22), 1–10. doi:10.1029/2020GL091103</p>
Lagrangian trajectory dataset for AMOC lower limb
<p>These Lagrangian trajectory files were generated by TRACMASS, a Lagrangian parcel tracing algorithm, using data from a high-resolution (1/12<sup>o</sup>) ocean sea-ice hindcast. Two set of experiments were performed to trace the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) lower limb; 1) Initiated only southward trajectories across the Fram Strait <strong>(fs)</strong> that corresponds to Arctic outflow and 2) traced only northward trajectories across the easten Subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) Section which corresponds to Atlantic inflow and associated with the North Atlantic Current <strong>(nac)</strong>.</p> <p>_ini.csv = store positions and properties of trajectories at the starting location</p> <p>_run.csv = store positions and properties of trajectories during the trajectory simulation</p> <p>_out.csv = store positions and properties of trajectories at the ending location</p> <p>_rerun.csv = This file is used to select trajectories that have reached a particular ending section. Column 2 in this file contain kill zone flag. Flag 1 means trajectories reaching the surface, 2 indicates trajectories reaching the Fram Strait , 3 means trajectories reaching the eastern SPNA section and finally 4 illustrate trajectories aprroaching the Barents Sea.</p> <p>TRACMASS documentation is available at <strong>https://www.tracmass.org/docs.html</strong></p>
FESOM-REcoM model data: Lagrangian particle trajectories
<p>This data set includes the results of Lagrangian particle tracking experiments with FESOM1.4-REcoM2. Particles were seeded at 596 positions near the Filchner Ice Shelf front at 78°S between Berkner Island and Coats Land and tracked forwards and backwards using daily mean model output. Particles were seeded every 10th day in 1990 and 1991 (historical, forward), 2009 and 2008 (historical, backward), 2080 and 2081 (future/SSP5-8.5 scenario, forward), and 2099 and 2098 (future/SSP5-8.5 scenario, backward). Particles were tracked outside of ice-shelf cavities for 20 (19) years or until the the particle left the domain of interest in the north (62°S), west (65°W), or east (2°E). </p> <p>The following information for each particle is stored twice a day: longitude (blon in files), latitude (blat), time (bday and time), depth (bdepth), temperature (btemp), salinity (bsalt), density (bsigma0; potential density anomaly referenced to 0dbar) dissolved inorganic carbon (bdic), and total carbon (btotc).</p> <p>Each *tar.gz archive contains one experiment, i.e., all trajectories for e.g., forward/1990-2009 (seeding days 1,11,...,361 in 1990). For each seeding day, there are 12 *nc files, which together constitute the 596 particles seeded on a given day.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Naming convention / *tar.gz files: </strong></p> <p>Nissen2023_FESOM1.4_REcoM2_Trajectories_FT_<em>EXPERIMENT</em>_<em>START_END_YEAR</em>.tar.gz</p> <p><em>EXPERIMENT</em>: bw (backward) or fw (forward)</p> <p><em>START_END_YEAR</em>: 2009_1990, 2008_1990, 2098_2080, or 2099_2080 for backward experiments; 1990_2009, 1990_2008, 2080_2099, or 2081_2099 for forward experiments</p> <p>(EXAMPLE: Nissen2023_FESOM1.4_REcoM2_Trajectories_FT_fw_1990_2009.tar.gz)</p> <p><strong>Naming convention / *nc files: </strong></p> <p>drifter_start_Filchner_ice_shelf_day<em>SEEDING_DAY</em>_<em>START_END_YEAR</em>_<em>NUM_FILE</em>_reduced.nc</p> <p><em>SEEDING_DAY: </em>1, 11, ..., 361</p> <p><em>START_END_YEAR: </em>same as above</p> <p><em>NUM_FILE: </em>1, ..., 12</p> <p>(EXAMPLE: drifter_start_Filchner_ice_shelf_day1_1990_2009_1_reduced.nc)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> The following files are duplicates and also contained in the larger *tar archives described above (disregard them if all tar archives starting with "Nissen2023_FESOM1.4_REcoM2_Trajectories_FT_" have been downloaded):</p> <p>Nissen2023_FESOM1.4_REcoM2_LagrangianExperiments_FT_fw_day91_1991_2009.tar.gz</p> <p>Nissen2023_FESOM1.4_REcoM2_LagrangianExperiments_FT_fw_day91_2080_2099.tar.gz</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The Lagrangian particle trajectories have been analyzed here:</strong> </p> <p>Nissen, C., Timmermann, R., van Caspel, M., and Wekerle, C.: Altered Weddell Sea warm- and dense-water pathways in response to 21st-century climate change, Ocean Sci., 20, 85–101, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-85-2024">https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-85-2024</a>, 2024</p> <p><strong>The Eulerian fields underlying the Lagrangian experiments are described in more detail here: </strong></p> <p>Nissen, C., Timmermann, R., Hoppema, M. <em>et al.</em> Abruptly attenuated carbon sequestration with Weddell Sea dense waters by 2100. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>13</strong>, 3402 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30671-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30671-3</a> </p> <p>Nissen, C., R. Timmermann, M. Hoppema, and J. Hauck, 2023: A regime shift on Weddell Sea continental shelves with local and remote physical-biogeochemical implications is avoidable in a 2°C scenario. <em>J. Climate</em>, <strong>36</strong>, 6613–6630, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.1</a>. </p> <p>Original model output is available at the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) under the following DOIs:</p> <ul> <li>simA, historical: <a href="https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/FESOM14-REcoM2_A_hist_vA_vC">https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/FESOM14-REcoM2_A_hist_vA_vC</a></li> <li>simA, ssp585: <a href="https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/FESOM14-REcoM2_A_s585_vA_vC">https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/FESOM14-REcoM2_A_s585_vA_vC</a></li> </ul>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 500m Y13 & Y14
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 500m particles releases for the years 2008 (Y13) and 2009 (Y14).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 500m Y17 & Y18
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 500m particles releases for the years 2012 (Y17) and 2013 (Y18).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 500m Y7 & Y8
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 500m particles releases for the years 2002 (Y7) and 2003 (Y8).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y17 & Y18
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 2012 (Y17) and 2013 (Y18).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 500m Y3 & Y4
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 500m particles releases for the years 1998 (Y3) and 1999 (Y4).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y15 & Y16
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 2010 (Y15) and 2011 (Y16).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y13 & Y14
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 2008 (Y13) and 2009 (Y14).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 500m Y1 & Y2
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 500m particles releases for the years 1996 (Y1) and 1997 (Y2).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y9 & Y10
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 2004 (Y9) and 2005 (Y10).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y7 & Y8
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 2002 (Y7) and 2003 (Y8).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y11 & Y12
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 2006 (Y11) and 2007 (Y12).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 2000m Y3 & Y4
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 2000m particles releases for the years 1998 (Y3) and 1999 (Y4).</p>
Lagrangian Sequestration Efficiency Trajectories and Extracted Particle Metrics – 500m Y11 & Y12
<p>A dataset of Lagrangian trajectories used to estimate North Atlantic sequestration efficiency and extracted metrics for the re-entrained and sequestered particles. All variables have long names and units. These files have been used for the analysis in Baker et al. ‘Biological carbon pump sequestration efficiency in the North Atlantic: a leaky or a long-term sink?’ with further information about the methodology available in the paper. Due to the size of the datasets, each DOI only contains two files. This dataset contains the 500m particles releases for the years 2006 (Y11) and 2007 (Y12).</p>
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