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11 results for “Large marine predators”
Large marine predator aerial survey data for Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand
<p>Large marine predators, such as cetaceans and sharks, play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity patterns and ecosystem health. Despite the recognised importance of these animals and their over-representation as threatened species, distribution data at appropriate temporal and spatial scales is often lacking or insufficient for effective conservation. </p> <p>Here, we present sightings of large marine megafauna recorded from a replicate systematic aerial survey undertaken in the Hauraki Gulf, Aotearoa New Zealand during a full year. Using flexible machine learning models (Boosted Regression Tree models), we use these sightings data to investigate relationships between large marine predator occurrence (Bryde's whales, common and bottlenose dolphins, bronze whalers, pelagic and immature hammerhead sharks) and spatially explicit environmental and biotic variables to predict species richness of large marine predators and investigate their fine-scale spatiotemporal distribution patterns. All models were considered informative (all, AUC > 0.78), and temporally dynamic variables, such as the distribution of prey, were important in predicting the occurrence of the study species and species groups. </p> <p>Our approach and data highlight the value of multi-species surveys and the importance of considering temporally variable abiotic and biotic drivers for understanding biodiversity patterns when informing ecosystem-scale conservation planning and dynamic ocean management.</p> <p>We provide data files of:</p> <ul> <li>Locations of species presence / pseudo absence location over time (in .csv format) and associated environmental and biotic variables for Bryde's whales, common and bottlenose dolphins, bronze whaler, pelagic and immature hammerhead sharks.</li> <li>Monthly estimates of 14 high-resolution spatially explicit environmental and biotic variables (1 km grid resolution): Bathymetry; Slope; Distance from shore; Distance to 40m depth; Sand; Mud; Gravel; Seabed disturbance; Tidal current; Chlorophyll a; Sea surface temp; Distance to plankton; Distance to prey (saved as .R data)</li> <li>Model objects, R code, and model outputs of the Boosted Regression Tree modelling.</li> <li>Predicted monthly distributions (and associated spatially explicit uncertainty) of Bryde's whales, common dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, bronze whaler sharks, pelagic sharks, immature hammerhead sharks, and richness of large marine predators in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, (January to December). Monthly richness estimates of large marine predators.</li> </ul>
Large marine predator aerial survey data for Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand
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Intraguild processes drive space-use patterns in a large-bodied marine predator community
<p>Interspecific interactions, including predator-prey, intraguild predation (IGP), and competition, may drive distribution and habitat use of predator communities. However, elucidating the relative importance of these interactions in shaping predator distributions is challenging, especially in marine communities comprising highly mobile species.</p> <p>We used individual-based models (IBMs) to predict the habitat distributions of apex predators, intraguild (IG) prey, and prey. We then used passive acoustic telemetry to test these predictions in a subtropical marine predator community consisting of eight elasmobranch (i.e., shark and ray) species in Bimini, The Bahamas.</p> <p>IBMs predicted that prey and IG prey will preferentially select habitats based on safety over resources (food), with stronger selection for safe habitat by smaller prey. Elasmobranch space-use patterns matched these predictions. Species with predator-prey and asymmetrical IGP (between apex and small mesopredators) interactions showed the clearest spatial separation, followed by asymmetrical IGP among apex and large mesopredators. Competitors showed greater spatial overlap although with finer-scale differences in microhabitat use.</p> <p>Our study suggests space-use patterns in elasmobranchs are at least partially driven by interspecific interactions, with stronger spatial separation occurring where interactions include predator-prey relationships or IGP.</p>
Intraguild processes drive space-use patterns in a large-bodied marine predator community
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Data from: Empirical evidence that large marine predator foraging behavior is consistent with area-restricted search theory
When prey is patchily distributed, predators are expected to spend more time searching for food in proximity of recent prey captures before searching in other areas. This behavior, known as area-restricted search, results in predators remaining localized in areas where prey had been detected previously because of the higher probability of encountering additional prey. However, few studies have tested these predictions on marine species because of the difficulties of observing feeding behavior. In this study, we utilized passive acoustic detections of echolocating dolphins to identify foraging behavior. C-PODs (click train detectors) were deployed for two years with an acoustic recorder attached to the same mooring during the second year. The time series of feeding buzzes, indicative of foraging behavior, revealed that both bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were more likely to stay in the area longer when foraging activity was high at the beginning of the encounter. The probability of foraging was also higher following previous foraging activity. This suggests that dolphins were feeding on spatially patchy prey and previous foraging experience influenced their movement behavior. This is consistent with the predictions of area-restricted search behavior, a nonrandom foraging strategy.
Fishing, predation, and temperature drive herring decline in a large marine ecosystem
<p>Since 1960, landings of Atlantic herring have been the greatest of any marine species in Canada, surpassing Atlantic cod and accounting for 24% of the total seafood harvested in Atlantic Canada. The Scotian Shelf-Bay of Fundy herring fisheries (NAFO Division 4VWX) is among Canada's oldest and drives this productivity, accounting for up to 75% of the total herring catch in some years. The stocks' productivity and overall health have declined since 1965. Despite management measures to promote recovery implemented since 2003, biomass remains low and is declining. The factors that drive the productivity of 4VWX herring are primarily unresolved, likely impeding the effectiveness of management actions on this stock. We evaluated potential drivers of herring variability by analyzing 52 time-series that describe the temporal and spatial evolution of the 4VWX herring population and the physical, ecological, and anthropogenic factors that could affect them using structural equation models. Variation in herring biomass was best accounted for by the exploitation rate's negative effect and the geographic distribution of fishing and recruitment. Thermal phenology and temperature adversely and egg predation positively impacted the early life stage mortality rate and, ultimately, adult biomass. These findings are broadly relevant to fisheries management, but particularly for 4VWX herring, where the current management approach does not consider their early life stage dynamics or assess them within the ecosystem or climate change contexts.</p>
Data from: Protection of large predators in a marine reserve alters size-dependent prey mortality
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Data from: Empirical evidence that large marine predator foraging behavior is consistent with area-restricted search theory
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Fishing, predation, and temperature drive herring decline in a large marine ecosystem
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Evaluating the effects of large marine predators on mobile prey behavior across subtropical reef ecosystems
<p>The indirect effect of predators on prey behavior, recruitment, and spatial relationships continues to attract considerable attention. However, top predators like sharks or large, mobile teleosts, which can have substantial top-down effects in ecosystems, are often difficult to study due to their large size and mobility. This has created a knowledge gap in understanding how they affect their prey through non-consumptive effects. Here we investigated how different functional groups of predators affected potential prey fish populations across various habitats within Biscayne Bay, FL. Using baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs), we quantified predator abundance and activity as a rough proxy for predation risk, and analyzed key prey behaviors across coral reef, sea fan, seagrass, and sandy habitats. Both predator abundance and prey arrival times to the bait were strongly influenced by habitat type, with open homogenous habitats receiving faster arrival times by prey. Other prey behaviors, such as residency and risk-associated behaviors, were potentially driven by predator interaction. Our data suggest that small predators across functional groups do not have large controlling effects on prey behavior or stress responses over short temporal scales; however, habitats where predators are more unpredictable in their occurrence (i.e., open areas) may trigger risk-associated behaviors such as avoidance and vigilance. Our data shed new light on the importance of habitat and context for understanding how marine predators may influence prey behaviors in marine ecosystems.</p>
Evaluating the effects of large marine predators on mobile prey behavior across subtropical reef ecosystems
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.