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9,242 results for “Lates”
Late season thaw depth measured in the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research (ARC LTER) moist acidic tussock experimental plots at Toolik Field station, Alaska Arctic 1993 to 2025
Late season thaw depth was measured in the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research (ARC LTER) experimental plots (1981 Moist Acidic Tussock, 1989 Moist Acidic Tussock, 2006 Low Fertilization Moist Acidic Tussock, 1989 Moist Non-acidic Tussock, 1989 Moist Non-acidic Non-tussock and 1989 Wet Sedge tundra) at Toolik Lake, Alaska using a steel thaw probe. Note: for 2017-2018 only 1989 Moist Non-Acidic Tussock Tundra and 2006 Low fertilization Moist Acidic Tussock Tundra were measured. For other sites it has become difficult to distinguish rocks from frozen soil with a steel thaw probe. Starting in 2023 weekly thaw depth measurements were made throughout the growing season in the 2006 Low fertilization Moist Acidic Tussock Tundra experiment.
Shell geochemistry and environmental instability along the Georgia Coast during the Late Archaic Period (5000 - 3800 BP)
This dataset includes stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) data collected from eastern oysters (n=19) (Crassostrea virginica) and hard clams (n=59) (Mercenaria spp.) from the Late Archaic (ca. 50000-3500 cal. BP) Sapelo Shell Rings on Sapelo Island, Georgia. A total of 1064 isotope samples were collected and analyzed from these shells. The data are part of a larger project reconstructing paleo-climate and Native American adaption and resilience in the context of climate instability along the South Atlantic coast of North America during the Late Archaic Period. Shell isotope samples were collected by multiple researchers over the last decade. Carey Garland added to and cleaned the data between June 2020 and December 2021. The dataset was structured to include site name, location, and provenience (e.g., unit, level, etc.) associated with each shell analyzed, as well as all raw isotope data. The original database contains sensitive information, such as the specific location of archaeological sites. If a professional archaeologist needs site location information, they can contact the Georgia Archaeological Site File.
The DataCons Project: An Open-Access Archive of Late Roman Consular Dates
<p>The DataCons Project offers an open-access dataset of late Roman consular dating formulae from CE 284 to 541. Aimed at aggregating consular materials discovered globally, presently it contains over 4,800 documents penned in three distinct scripts, originating from ten regions of the late Roman world and categorised by material type and textual content.</p><p>With its roots in prominent scholarly references, every entry undergoes rigorous verification, including palaeographical assessments and exact transcription of dating formulae. Distinct columns highlight potential dating, the author's selected date, and further specificity, ensuring the dataset's precision. Its evolution promises broader temporal coverage, and its structure facilitates ease of use and extensive potential for interdisciplinary research.</p><p>The current version of the dataset (2.0.0) presents the Latin and Greek documentation dated CE 476 to 526, exclusively comprising papyri and inscriptions. It is anticipated that there will be periodic updates and an upcoming release of an online database titled <i>DataCons: The Digital Database of Late Roman Consular Dates</i>. This will enhance and support research utilising the DataCons dataset.</p>
Supplemental Information to Climate-driven habitat shifts of high-ranked prey species structure Late Upper Paleolithic hunting
<p>The data provided here are the supplemental information accompanying Yaworsky et al, 2023 in the journal <em>Scientific Reports</em>. These data represent the following, which are referenced in the published work at DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31085-x.</p> <p><strong>Below is the legend for the Supplementary Information</strong>, including how it is referenced within the text of the publication, the file name, and a brief description. More thorough descriptions of the data can be found within the publication in <em>Scientific Reports</em>.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary 1</strong> – <em>UpperPaleoDietV4.html</em> – HTML document of the analyses performed and presented in the paper. This is a Markdown document compiled in R with R code chunks and descriptions.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary 2</strong> – <em>Support Information 2.docx</em> – Word document containing supplementary tables 2 and 3.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary 3</strong> – <em>ArchaeoloigcalDataset_v8.csv</em> – Archaeological data referenced in the Material and Methods. These data are necessary for running the code presented in SI 1.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary 4</strong> – <em>EuroUpperPaleoFaunas_v6.csv</em> – Zooarchaeological data referenced in the Material and Methods. These data are necessary for running the code presented in SI 1.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary 5 </strong>– <em>Lupo2016.csv</em> – Data of Arficant fauna weight derived from table in Lupo and Schmitt 2016 (Table 2). These data are necessary for running the code presented in SI 1.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary 6</strong> – <em>PushkinaRaia_FaunaWeights.csv</em> – Data of Pleistocene fauna weights derived from table in Pushkina and Raia 2008 (Table 1). These data are necessary for running the code presented in SI 1.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary 7</strong> – <em>environmental_BG.csv</em> – Data representing background environmental conditions derived from the CHELSA TRaCE21k data. These data are necessary for running the code in SI 1.</p> <p>For more information on the data, methods, and results, please see the main paper. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Soil nitrogen availability and acidity: effects on aboveground production and belowground carbon allocation in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests (2009-2021)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains forest productivity (wood, litterfall, and aboveground net primary production), total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), and leaf litterfall and fine root chemistry (C and N concentration) data collected from all experimental plots. It also includes plot-level, species-weighted estimates of measured and modeled photosynthesis (Anet) for the late-successional stands. Wood production, litterfall production, and litterfall chemistry data were collected between 2009 and 2019. Aboveground net primary production data are reported for a pre-treatment interval (2009-2011) and the interval including years 6-9 of experimental treatment (2016-2019). All other properties were measured between years 9 and 11 of the experiment (2019-2021).
The Human Niche Space of Post-LGM Late Upper Paleolithic Europe - Supplemental Material
<p>The data provided here are the supplemental information accompanying the journal article <strong>The Human Niche Space of Post-LGM Late Upper Paleolithic Europe: The Effects of Climate and Population Growth on Human Land Use</strong> by Yaworsky, Hussain, & Riede. All analyses were performed in R v4.5.0 and are documented in the HTML document, <strong>Supplemental 4</strong>.</p> <p>Version 1.2 of the Analysis Markdown Document incoporates changes made to functions within the package ENMeval.</p> <p>List of Supplemental Files:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Spatiotemporal Archaeological Observations - File name: <em>Archaeologicaldata_v1.csv</em></strong> <ol> <li>Archaeological observations derived from Kretschmer (2015) and supplemented with additional observations (see main paper for details).</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Summed Probability Estimate for Population Estimation - File name: <em>Population_SPD2.csv</em></strong><br> <ol> <li>Summed probability distribution estimating changes in relative population size across Europe from 22ka ago to 9.1ka ago using data from the P3K14C database (Bird et al, 2022; see <strong>Supplemental 4</strong> for details).</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Spatiotemporal Background Points - File name: </strong><em><strong>AbsencePointData.csv</strong></em><br> <ol> <li>Randomly generated background points. 100 random points were generated in each millennium.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Analysis Markdown Document - File Name: </strong><em><strong>CLIOARCH_MD_v1.2.html</strong></em><br> <ol> <li>Markdown illustrating step-by-step the methods used to organize and analyze the data.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Predictions - File name: </strong><em><strong>SDM_MainGIF.mp4</strong></em><br> <ol> <li>High-resolution mp4 file showing the predictions of the potential climate niche space for humans from 22ka to 9.1ka ago.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Potential Niche Space 22ka to 9.1ka ago- File name: </strong><em><strong>Human_Niche_Size.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Quantification of the potential climate niche space for each century.</li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p>The Climate data are not provided due to their size but are sourced from Karger et al (2023) and are accessible <a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">here (https://chelsa-climate.org/)</a>.</p> <p> </p>
The genetic population structure of Lake Tanganyika's Lates species flock, an endemic radiation of pelagic top predators
<p>Data associated with the manuscript "The genetic population structure of Lake Tanganyika’s Lates species flock, an endemic radiation of pelagic top predators," where we investigate the genetic population structure of the four endemic <em>Lates </em>species in Lake Tanganyika.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Life history traits are important in shaping gene flow within species and can thus determine whether a species exhibits genetic homogeneity or population structure across its range. Understanding genetic connectivity plays a crucial role in species conservation decisions, and genetic connectivity is an important component of modern fisheries management in fishes exploited for human consumption. In this study, we investigated the population genetics of four endemic <em>Lates</em> species of Lake Tanganyika (<em>Lates stappersii</em>, <em>L. microlepis</em>, <em>L. mariae</em> and <em>L. angustifrons</em>), using reduced-representation genomic sequencing methods. We find the four species to be strongly differentiated from one another, with no evidence for contemporary admixture. We also find evidence for high levels of genetic structure within <em>L. mariae</em>, with the majority of individuals from the most southern sampling site forming a genetic group distinct from the individuals at other sampling sites<em>.</em> We find evidence for much weaker structure within the other three species, <em>L. stappersii,</em> <em>L. microlepis</em>, and <em>L. angustifrons</em>, although small and unbalanced sample sizes and imprecise geographic sampling locations may hinder our ability to detect weak population structure. We call for further research into the origins of the genetic differentiation that we observe in these four species, particularly that of <em>L. mariae</em>, which may be important for the conservation and management of this species.</p> <p>Code associated with the analysis of these data can be found on GitHub at <a href="https://github.com/jessicarick/lates-popgen">https://github.com/jessicarick/lates-popgen</a>.</p>
Dataset for "Common Propaganda Devices in Late Republican Coinage, 79-31 BCE"
<p>Dataset for "Common Propaganda Devices in Late Republican Coinage, 79-31 BCE" published in "Numismatica e Antichità Classiche" 50, 2021</p>
Dataset for the study Late development of audio-visual integration in the vertical plane
<p>It is not clear how multisensory skills develop and how visual experience impacts on multisensory spatial development. Conflicting results show that visual calibration precedes multisensory integration for the audio-visual spatial bisection task (Gori et al., 2012a, 2012b) while in other tasks such as spatial localization, visual calibration occurs after multisensory development (Rohlf et al., 2020). Results in blind individuals can say something about the role of vision on perceptual development. Scientific evidences show that blind individuals have impairments in bisecting the auditory space (Gori et al., 2014) but not in localizing auditory sources (Lessard et al., 1998). Such results suggest that sensory calibration and impairment are linked. We studied the development of audio-visual multisensory localization in the vertical plane in sighted individuals from 5 years to adulthood to address this hypothesis. We hypothesize that typical children would show late audio-visual integration for the vertical plane, preceded by visual dominance. Unimodal and bimodal audio-visual thresholds and PSEs were measured and compared with the Bayesian optimal-integration model (maximum likelihood estimation). Results show that the development of multisensory integration in the vertical plane is not evident at 5 years, suggesting visual dominance for vertical audio-visual localization. These results support the idea that multisensory perception in the vertical domain depends on sensory calibration. We discuss these scientific results proposing that the process of cross-sensory calibration is task-specific and highlighting the importance of linking the impairment and development to better determine how our brain works.</p> <p>Data are in textual tab delimited format. Columns report for each subject: age, age_bin, condition, jnd.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary materials to the paper: Automatic Parameters Tuning of Late Reverberation Algorithms for Audio Augmented Reality
<p>Supplementary materials to the paper:</p> <blockquote> <p>Riccardo Bona, Davide Fantini, Giorgio Presti, Marco Tiraboschi, Isaac Engel and Federico Avanzini. 2022. Automatic Parameters Tuning of Late Reverberation Algorithms for Audio Augmented Reality. In <em>Proceedings of International Conference on Audio Mostly</em>.</p> </blockquote> <p>The supplementary materials include the reverberated audio stimuli employed in the MUSHRA listening test reported in the paper. For each type of audio stimuli (Drums, Sax and Speech) the version reverberated with each of the six target Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) is provided along with the versions reverberated using the reverb matching method proposed in the paper (two different artificial reverberators have been considered: FDN and Freeverb).</p> <p>Further, the reverberation times (<span class="math-tex">\(T_{20}\)</span>) per octave band for each considered RIR are provided.</p>
Merging Morphological and Genetic Evidence to assess hybridization in Eurasian Late Pleistocene hominins
<pre>Previous scientific consensus saw human evolution as defined by adaptive differences (behavioural and/or biological) and the emergence of Homo sapiens as the ultimate replacement of non-modern groups by a modern, adaptively more competitive one. However, recent research has shown that the process underlying our origins was considerably more complex. While archaeological and fossil evidence suggests that behavioural complexity may not be confined to the modern human lineage, recent paleogenomic work shows that gene flow between distinct lineages (e.g., Neanderthals, Denisovans, early H. sapiens) occurred repeatedly in the Late Pleistocene, likely contributing elements to our genetic make-up that might have been crucial to our success as a diverse, adaptable species. Following these advances, the prevailing human origins model has shifted from one of near-complete replacement to a more nuanced view of partial replacement with considerable reticulation. Here we provide a brief introduction to the current genetic evidence for hybridization among hominins, its prevalence in, and effects on, comparative mammal groups, and especially how it manifests in the skull. We then explore the degree to which cranial variation seen in the fossil record of Late Pleistocene hominins from Western Eurasia corresponds with our current genetic and comparative data. We are especially interested in understanding the degree to which skeletal data can reflect admixture. Our findings indicate some correspondence between these different lines of evidence, flag individual fossils as possibly admixed, and suggest that different cranial regions may preserve hybridisation signals differentially. We urge further studies of the phenotype in order to expand our ability to detect the ways in which migration, interaction and genetic exchange have shaped the human past, beyond what is currently visible with the lens of ancient DNA. </pre>
Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era
<div>Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era</div> <div> </div> <div>Alexander Young(1), Nicolas Flament(1), Kayla Maloney(2), Simon Williams(2), Kara Matthews(2), Sabin Zahirovic(2), Dietmar Müller(2,3)</div> <div> </div> <div>1. The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia </div> <div> </div> <div>2. EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia</div> <div> </div> <div>3. Sydney Informatics Hub, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia </div> <div> </div> <div>Contact: ajy321@uowmail.edu.au</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Supplementary Material</div> <div> </div> <div>We provide the digital plate model files (including rotations and geometries). These files allow for the visualisation and/or manipulation of the late Paleozoic to present-day (410-0 Ma) global plate motion model presented in this study. </div> <div> </div> <div>#########################################</div> <div>The digital plate model files are compatible with the open-source GPlates plate reconstruction software (<a href="https://www.gplates.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.gplates.org</a>):</div> <div> </div> <div>(1) Rotations - Global rotation model that contains the reconstruction poles that describe the motions of the continents and oceans.</div> <div>- <strong>Global_250-0Ma_Young_et_al.rot</strong> (455 KB)</div> <div>-<strong> Global_410-250Ma_Young_et_al.rot</strong> (154 KB)</div> <div> </div> <div>(2) Plate polygons and boundary geometries - Topologically closed plate polygons are constructed from the intersection of ridges, transforms, subduction zones and other plate boundary geometries. These 'resolved topologies' are defined at 1 Myr intervals (410-0 Ma). The plate boundary geometries and plate polygons have been assigned plate reconstruction IDs to allow them to be reconstructed using the supplied rotation file.</div> <div>- <strong>Global_Mesozoic-Cenozoic_plate_bounds_Young_etal.gpml</strong> (36.5 MB)</div> <div>- <strong>Global_Paleozoic_plate_bounds_Young_etal.gpml</strong> (6.7 MB)</div> <div>- <strong>TopologyBuildingBlocks_Young_etal.gpml</strong> (2 MB) - this file is identical to Müller et al. (2016)</div> <div> </div> <div>(3) Coastlines - Geometries of the present-day coastlines.</div> <div>- <strong>Global_coastlines_Young_et_al_low_res.shp</strong> (1.2 MB including auxiliary files, datum-WGS 1984)</div> <div> </div> <div>(4) Static polygons (optional) - Includes ocean isochron and terrane polygon geometries.</div> <div>- <strong>GlobalPresentDay_SPP_Young_etal.shp</strong> (1.4 MB inc. auxillary files, datum-WGS 1984)</div> <div> </div> <div>(5) Continental polygons (optional) - Includes continental terrane polygon geometries and excludes oceanic lithosphere.</div> <div>- <strong>PresentDay_ContPolygons_Young_etal.shp</strong> (451 KB inc. auxillary files, datum-WGS 1984)</div> <div> </div> <div>GPlates: </div> <div>To view the model, load all files in GPlates (either drag and drop files onto the globe OR from the navigation bar at the top of the screen click File -> Open Feature Collection and select files). Both rotation files (1) and each of the three plate geometry files (2) need to be loaded for the model to work properly. It is recommended that coastlines (3) are loaded to see how the continents move, however only one coastline file is necessary (.gpml or .shp). The static polygons (4) and continental polygons (5) are optional. </div> <div> </div> <div>The two rotation files need to be 'connected' in order for the model to run continuously from 410 to 0 Ma. In the GPlates 'Layers' window (opened from the main navigation bar, click 'Window' -> 'Show Layers') the rotation files will be highlighted yellow, yet only one will have a yellow tick next to it to signify it is being used. Click the small black triangle to the left the ticked rotation file. Under 'Inputs' -> 'Reconstruction features' click 'Add new connection' and then select the other rotation file from the list of files that will appear. This will ensure that both rotation files are active. </div> <div> </div> <div>Finally, it is recommended to experiment with geometry visibility in order to make the globe less cluttered. For instance, from the navigation bar click View -> Geometry Visibility and untick 'Show Line Geometries'. Alternatively, files can be toggled on and off using the tick boxes in the Layers window. For more information about using GPlates, a set of user tutorials can be accessed from the GPlates website - http://www.gplates.org/docs.html.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>#########################################</div> <div>MODEL REFERENCING:</div> <div>When using our model, in addition to citing this publication, please consider citing the studies of Domeier and Torsvik (2014), Matthews et al. (2016) and Müller et al. (2016) which served as the basis for this model in the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic, respectively, and citing any other study that describes refinements to the plate reconstructions in your region of interest as appropriate. </div> <div> </div> <div>- Domeier, M., & Torsvik, T. H. (2014). Plate tectonics in the late Paleozoic. Geoscience Frontiers, 5(3), 303-350. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2014.01.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.gsf.2014.01.002</a></div> <div>- Müller, R. D., Seton, M., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Matthews, K. J., Wright, N. M., Shephard, G. E., Maloney, K., Barnett-Moore, N., Hosseinpour, M., Bower, D. J., & Cannon, J. (2016). Ocean Basin Evolution and Global-Scale Plate Reorganization Events Since Pangea Breakup. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 44(1). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211</a></div> <div>-Matthews, K. J., Maloney, K. T., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Seton, M., & Mueller, R. D. (2016). Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic. Global and Planetary Change, 146, 226-250.</div> <div>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.10.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.10.002</a></div>
Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic
<h3>Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic </h3> <p>Kara J. Matthews*^, Kayla T. Maloney*, Sabin Zahirovic*, Simon E. Williams*, Maria Seton*, R. Dietmar Müller*</p> <p>* EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia<br>^ Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK</p> <p>Contact: karajmatthews@gmail.com</p> <p>CORRECTION applied for the Pacific plate prior to 83 Ma based on Torsvik et al. (2019)</p> <h3><br>Supplementary Material</h3> <p>We provide a digital plate model files (including rotations and geometries) with this publication. These files allow for the visualisation and/or manipulation of the late Paleozoic to present-day (410-0 Ma) global plate motion model presented in this study. </p> <p>#########################################<br>The digital plate model files are compatible with the open-source GPlates plate reconstruction software (<a href="https://www.gplates.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.gplates.org</a>):</p> <p>(1) Rotations - Global rotation model that contains the reconstruction poles that describe the motions of the continents and oceans.<br>- <strong>Global_EB_250-0Ma_GK07_Matthews_etal.rot</strong> (455 KB)<br>- <strong>Global_EB_410-250Ma_GK07_Matthews_etal.rot</strong> (115 KB) - in the comments 'POLE_RECALCULATED' means that we recalculated that finite pole of rotation such that the moving plate moves relative to a neighbouring plate rather than directly to the absolute reference frame (see Section 2.2.1 of the main text for more details). This process should have a minimal effect on the absolute motion of the plate.</p> <p>(2) Plate polygons and boundary geometries - Topologically closed plate polygons are constructed from the intersection of ridges, transforms, subduction zones and other plate boundary geometries. These 'resolved topologies' are valid at 1 Myr intervals (410-0 Ma). The plate boundary geometries and plate polygons have been assigned plate reconstruction IDs to allow them to be reconstructed using the supplied rotation file.<br>- <strong>Global_Mesozoic-Cenozoic_plate_bounds_Matthews_etal.gpml</strong> (36 MB)<br>- <strong>Global_Paleozoic_plate_bounds_Matthews_etal.gpml</strong> (8.7 MB)<br>- <strong>TopologyBuildingBlocks_Matthews_etal.gpml</strong> (2 MB) - this file has not been modified from Müller et al. (2016)</p> <p>(3) Coastlines - Geometries of the present-day coastlines.<br>- <strong>Global_coastlines_low_res_Matthews_etal.gpml</strong> (25.4 MB)<br>- <strong>Global_coastlines_low_res_Matthews_etal.shp</strong> (2.9 MB inc. auxillary files, datum-WGS 1984)<br>NOTE: From 410 to 320-310 Ma Kazakhstania is represented as one or two ('Internal' and 'External' Kazakhstania - Domeier and Torsvik, 2014) ovate polygons. Kazakhstania is highly deformed following a long and complicated history, and so for simplicity we avoid using their present-day outlines in the earlier part of the model.</p> <p>(4) Static polygons (optional) - Includes ocean isochron and terrane polygon geometries.<br>- <strong>Global_EarthByte_GPlates_PresentDay_StaticPlatePolygons_Matthews_etal.shp</strong> (2.7 MB inc. auxillary files, datum-WGS 1984)</p> <p>(5) Continenal polygons (optional) - Includes continental terrane polygon geometries and excludes oceanic lithosphere.<br>- <strong>Global_EarthByte_GPlates_PresentDay_ContinentalPolygons_Matthews_etal.shp</strong> (804 KB inc. auxillary files, datum-WGS 1984)</p> <p>GPLATES: <br>To view the model load all files in GPlates (either drag and drop files onto the globe OR from the navigation bar at the top of the screen click File -> Open Feature Collection and select files). Both rotation files (1) and each of the three plate geometry files (2) need to be loaded for the model to work properly. It is recommended that coastlines (3) are loaded to see how the continents move, however only one coastline file is necessary (.gpml or .shp). The static polygons (4) and continental polygons (5) are optional. </p> <p>The two rotation files need to be 'connected' in order for the model to run continuously from 410 to 0 Ma. In the GPlates 'Layers' window (opened from the main navigation bar, click 'Window' -> 'Show Layers') the rotation files will be highlighted yellow, yet only one will have a yellow tick next to it to signify it is being used. Click the small black triangle to the left the ticked rotation file. Under 'Inputs' -> 'Reconstruction features' click 'Add new connection' and then select the other rotation file from the list of files that will appear. This will ensure that both rotation files are active. </p> <p>Finally, it is recommended to experiment with geometry visibility in order to make the globe less cluttered. For instance, from the navigation bar click View -> Geometry Visibility and untick 'Show Line Geometries'. Alternatively, files can be toggled on and off using the tick boxes in the Layers window. For more information about using GPlates, a set of user tutorials can be accessed from the GPlates website - http://www.gplates.org/docs.html.</p> <p><br>#########################################<br>We also provide a list of the plate reconstruction IDs used in the model:</p> <p>Plate IDs - A list of all the plate IDs used in the rotation and geometry files and their corresponding plate names.<br>- <strong>EarthByte_Plate_ID_Table_Matthews_etal.txt</strong> (33 KB)</p> <p>#########################################<br>MODEL REFERENCING:<br>When using our model, in addition to citing this publication:</p> <p>Matthews, K.J., Maloney, K.T., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S.E., Seton, M. and Müller, R.D., 2016, Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic, Global and Planetary Change, in press, accepted 3 October 2016.</p> <p>please also consider citing the studies of Domeier and Torsvik (2014) and Müller et al. (2016) which served as the basis for this model in the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic, respectively, and cite any other study that describes refinements to the plate reconstructions in your region of interest. See Section 2 and Section 3 of the main text for more information on how the present model was constructed.</p> <p>- Domeier, M., & Torsvik, T. H. (2014). Plate tectonics in the late Paleozoic. Geoscience Frontiers, 5(3), 303-350. DOI:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2014.01.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.gsf.2014.01.002</a><br>- Müller, R. D., Seton, M., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Matthews, K. J., Wright, N. M., Shephard, G. E., Maloney, K., Barnett-Moore, N., Hosseinpour, M., Bower, D. J., & Cannon, J. (2016). Ocean Basin Evolution and Global-Scale Plate Reorganization Events Since Pangea Breakup. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 44(1). DOI:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211</a></p> <p>Note: We have recently fixed some issues in this model, namely the motion of the Pacific plate (following Torsvik et al., 2019), and some MOR topologies in the Arctic. The fixes are in the model files included in this folder, but the old (published) version of the model is included in a sub-folder called "_OLD_MODEL_DO_NOT_USE". </p> <p>Torsvik, T. H., B. Steinberger, G. E. Shephard, P. V. Doubrovine, C. Gaina, M. Domeier, C. P. Conrad, and W. W. Sager (2019), Pacific‐Panthalassic reconstructions: Overview, errata and the way forward, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20(7), 3659-3689.</p> <p> </p>
WDXRF analysis of Iberian unfired potsherds from the Late Iron Age
<p>This data set contains 15 chemical analyses of unfired potsherds from the Iberian workshop of the Mas de Moreno (Teruel, Spain). The chemical composition of the samples was obtained by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF).</p> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>The outer surfaces of all the samples were mechanically removed prior to analysis.</p> <p>The samples were heated to 950°C for one hour after 24h drying at 50°C, weighted for LOI calculation and ground in a tungsten carbide mortar. 0.8 g of powder was mixed with 3.2 g of Spectroflux 110 flux (Johnson Matthey; 33.5% metaborate and 66.5% lithium tetraborate) and melted in gold-platinum crucibles with an autofluxer melting device (Breitländer).</p> <p>The data were collected with a SRS 3400 (Bruker) spectrometer of 3 kW power (working at 60 kV, 100 mA max.). The spectrometer was equipped with a rhodium tube window, four analyser crystals (OVO-55, LiF200, LiF220, PET), two collimators (0.46° and 0.15°) and two sensors (a proportional Ar/CH4 gas-flow counter and a scintillation counter). The calibration of the instrument was carried out on 40 international certified reference materials.</p> <p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>sample</em>: sample reference.</li> <li><em>date</em>: date of the analysis.</li> <li><em>laboratory</em>: analysis laboratory.</li> <li><em>stratigraphy</em>: stratigraphic unit (all dated to the first half of the 1<sup>st</sup> century BC).</li> <li><em>artefact</em>: typology.</li> <li><em>part</em>: analysed part of the artefact.</li> <li><em>LOI</em>: loss on ignition (percent).</li> <li><em>CaO</em>, <em>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></em>, <em>TiO<sub>2</sub></em> , <em>K<sub>2</sub>O</em>, <em>SiO<sub>2</sub></em> , <em>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></em> , <em>MgO</em>, <em>MnO</em>, <em>Na<sub>2</sub>O</em>, <em>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></em>: oxide mass percents.</li> <li><em>Zr</em>, <em>Sr</em>, <em>Rb</em>, <em>Zn</em>, <em>Cr</em>, <em>Ni</em>, <em>La</em>, <em>Ba</em>, <em>V</em>, <em>Ce</em>, <em>Y</em>, <em>Th</em>, <em>Pb</em>, <em>Cu</em>: ppm.</li> </ul> <p>Data below the following limits should be considered unreliable:</p> <ul> <li><em>Na<sub>2</sub>O</em>: 0.5 %</li> <li><em>La</em>: 24 ppm</li> <li><em>Y</em>: 15 ppm</li> <li><em>Th</em>: 15 ppm</li> <li><em>Pb</em>: 20 ppm</li> <li><em>Cu</em>: 10 ppm</li> </ul>
WDXRF analysis of Iberian potsherds from the Late Iron Age
<p>This data set contains 99 chemical analyses of ceramic potsherds from the Iberian workshop of the Mas de Moreno (Teruel, Spain). The chemical composition of the samples was obtained by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF).</p> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>The outer surfaces of all the samples were mechanically removed prior to analysis.</p> <p>The samples were heated to 950°C for one hour after 24h drying at 50°C, weighted for LOI calculation and ground in a tungsten carbide mortar. 0.8 g of powder was mixed with 3.2 g of Spectroflux 110 flux (Johnson Matthey; 33.5% metaborate and 66.5% lithium tetraborate) and melted in gold-platinum crucibles with an autofluxer melting device (Breitländer).</p> <p>The data were collected with a SRS 3400 (Bruker) spectrometer of 3 kW power (working at 60 kV, 100 mA max.). The spectrometer was equipped with a rhodium tube window, four analyser crystals (OVO-55, LiF200, LiF220, PET), two collimators (0.46° and 0.15°) and two sensors (a proportional Ar/CH4 gas-flow counter and a scintillation counter). The calibration of the instrument was carried out on 40 international certified reference materials.</p> <p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>sample</em>: sample reference.</li> <li><em>date</em>: date of the analysis.</li> <li><em>laboratory</em>: analysis laboratory.</li> <li><em>stratigraphy</em>: stratigraphic unit.</li> <li><em>artefact</em>: typology.</li> <li><em>part</em>: analysed part of the artefact.</li> <li><em>decoration</em>: did the sampled artefact carry a painted decoration?</li> <li><em>LOI</em>: loss on ignition (percent).</li> <li><em>CaO</em>, <em>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></em>, <em>TiO<sub>2</sub></em> , <em>K<sub>2</sub>O</em>, <em>SiO<sub>2</sub></em> , <em>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></em> , <em>MgO</em>, <em>MnO</em>, <em>Na<sub>2</sub>O</em>, <em>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></em>: oxide mass percents.</li> <li><em>Zr</em>, <em>Sr</em>, <em>Rb</em>, <em>Zn</em>, <em>Cr</em>, <em>Ni</em>, <em>La</em>, <em>Ba</em>, <em>V</em>, <em>Ce</em>, <em>Y</em>, <em>Th</em>, <em>Pb</em>, <em>Cu</em>: ppm.</li> </ul> <p>Data below the following limits should be considered unreliable:</p> <ul> <li><em>Na<sub>2</sub>O</em>: 0.5 %</li> <li><em>La</em>: 24 ppm</li> <li><em>Y</em>: 15 ppm</li> <li><em>Th</em>: 15 ppm</li> <li><em>Pb</em>: 20 ppm</li> <li><em>Cu</em>: 10 ppm</li> </ul>
XRD analysis of Iberian unfired potsherds from the Late Iron Age
<p>This dataset contains 11 mineralogical analyses of ceramic potsherds by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The samples come from the Iberian workshop of the Mas de Moreno (Teruel, Spain).</p> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>The outer surfaces of all the samples were mechanically removed prior to analysis. All samples were manualy powdered in an agate mortar.</p> <p>The data were collected with a D8 Advance (Bruker) diffractometer in Bragg-Brentano configuration working at 1.6 kW (40 kV, 40 mA) and equipped with a copper anode source (kα1 = 1.5406 ; the kβ ray being removed by a Ni-filter in the diffracted beam). An 8 mm anti-scattering slit was mounted in front of the LynxEye© CCD detector. The explored area covered the 3-70° (2θ) range, with an angle step of 0.02° and a time step of 2 seconds. The stability of the instrument was checked between the different series of measurements by analyzing a standard (corundum crystal, NIST 1976).</p> <p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <p>File format: Bruker raw.</p> <p>The "XRD_clay_raw.zip" archive contains the raw diffractograms.</p> <p>All file names start with the sample code (a code starting with "BDX" followed by a 5-digit number), followed by a capital "P" (for powder diffraction).</p> <p>The "XRD_clay_raw.csv" file contains all results expressed in counts, one sample per row. The first column gives the angular position (2 thêta).</p>
XRD analysis of Iberian potsherds from the Late Iron Age
<p>This data set contains 76 mineralogical analyses of ceramic potsherds by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The samples come from the Iberian workshop of the Mas de Moreno (Teruel, Spain) and the settlements of Torre Cremada (Valdeltormo, Teruel) and El Palao (Alcañiz, Teruel).</p> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>The outer surfaces of all the samples were mechanically removed prior to analysis. All samples were manualy powdered in an agate mortar.</p> <p>The data were collected with a D8 Advance (Bruker) diffractometer in Bragg-Brentano configuration working at 1.6 kW (40 kV, 40 mA) and equipped with a copper anode source (k<sub>α1</sub> = 1.5406 ; the k<sub>β</sub> ray being removed by a Ni-filter in the diffracted beam). An 8 mm anti-scattering slit was mounted in front of the LynxEye© CCD detector. The explored area covered the 3-70° (2θ) range, with an angle step of 0.02° and a time step of 2 seconds. The stability of the instrument was checked between the different series of measurements by analyzing a standard (corundum crystal, NIST 1976).</p> <p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <p>File format: Bruker raw.</p> <p>The "XRD_ceramic_raw.zip" archive contains the raw diffractograms.</p> <p>All file names start with the sample code (a code starting with "BDX" followed by a 5-digit number), followed by a capital "P" (for powder diffraction).</p> <p>The "XRD_ceramic_raw.csv" file contains all results expressed in counts, one sample per column. The first column gives the angular position (2 thêta).</p>
Long-term nitrogen fertilization inhibits carbon and nitrogen loss during late stage fungal necromass decomposition depending on necromass chemistry
Fungal necromass is increasingly recognized as a key component of in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, how C and N loss from fungal necromass during decomposition are impacted by global change factors such as anthropogenic N addition and changes to soil C supply (e.g. via changing root exudation and rhizosphere priming) remains unclear and understudied relative to plant tissues. To address these gaps, we conducted a year-long decomposition experiment with four species of fungal necromass incubated across four forested sites in plots that had received inorganic N and/or labile C fertilization for decades in Minnesota, USA. We found that necromass chemistry was the primary driver of C and N loss from fungal necromass as well as response to fertilization. Specifically, N addition suppressed late-stage decomposition, but this effect was weaker in melanin-rich necromass, contrary to the hypothesis based on plant litter dynamics that N addition should suppress decomposition of more complex organic molecules. Labile C addition had no effect on either the early or late stages of necromass decomposition. Nitrogen release from necromass also varied among species, with N-poor necromass having lower N release after controlling for differences in mass loss via regression. The relatively minor effects of N fertilization on the proportion of initial necromass N released suggests that N demand by decomposers is the primary control on N loss during fungal necromass decomposition. Together, our results stress the importance of the afterlife effects of fungal chemical composition to forest soil C and N cycles. Further, they demonstrate that C and N release from this critical pool can be reduced by ongoing anthropogenic N addition.
ECOBREED WP2 T2.1 Winter common wheat (Triticum aestivum) - Late maturity group
<p>Description of the winter common wheat (Triticum aestivum) late maturity group nursery. Tested within T2.1 in Germany (by Secobra), Czech Republic (by Selgen) and Slovakia (by NPPC) in 2019/2020.</p>
Late Latin Charter Treebank 1 (LLCT1), version 1.2
<p>Version 1.2 of the Late Latin Charter Treebank 1 (LLCT1). Contains a number of minor corrections, replaces the version 1.0 published at Zenodo in 2018. Early Medieval Latin documentary texts from Italy between AD 714-869 with morphological and syntactic annotation. Latin Dependency Treebank (LDT) compatible linguistic annotation, Prague style treebank format (PML). For a detailed description of the Late Latin Charter Treebanks, see the pre-print of the paper 'Late Latin Charter Treebank: contents and annotation', to be published in Corpora, 16:2 (2021), at the <a href="https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/fi/publications/late-latin-charter-treebank-contents-and-annotation">institutional repository of the University of Helsinki</a>. See also Korkiakangas, T. and Lassila, M. (2013), <a href="https://www.academia.edu/5491302/Korkiakangas_Timo_and_Lassila_Matti_Abbreviations_fragmentary_words_formulaic_language_treebanking_mediaeval_charter_material_"><em>Abbreviations, fragmentary words, formulaic language: treebanking medieval charter material</em></a>, in Mambrini, F., Passarotti, M. and Sporleder, C., <em>Proceedings of the third workshop on annotation of corpora for research in the humanities</em>, pp. 61–72, and Korkiakangas, T. and Passarotti, M. (2011), <a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6825/a8ad70fe6e2a77540d9ff2774b8f34804fd0.pdf?_ga=2.234021022.1247020789.1580545874-419947753.1580545874"><em>Challenges in Annotating Medieval Latin Charters</em></a>, in «Journal of Language Technology and Computational Linguistics», 26, pp. 103–114.</p>
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