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14 results for “Legitimation”
The legitimation of the euro - Focus groups
<p>These focus groups were conducted in the context of the PLATO project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie funded project investigating the post-crisis legitimacy of the EU. In the wake of the migration crisis, euro crisis and Brexit it builds and tests theory of what would amount to a legitimacy crisis in the case of a multi-state, non-state political system such as the EU. (Project website: https://www.plato.uio.no) </p> <p>This PhD project studies how citizens perceive and justify the euro, as well as the politics it is connected with (its consequences in terms of questions like solidarity and national autonomy).</p> <p>This dataset concerns a series of focus groups conducted with citizens in 3 countries: the Netherlands, France and Italy. In each country, focus groups were conducted with 3 social groups: hairdressers, financial professionals and unemployed citizens. In these focus groups citizens were asked about their views about the euro, and to discuss a series of questions on the euro's politics, some preceded by a brief video clip. </p> <p>Participants have been anonymized; the names in the datasets are pseudonyms and any personally identifiable information was taken out. </p>
WP6 Deliverable 6.1 Literature Review - Legitimate crisis governance and economic sustainability
<p>The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic was not only a public health crisis of unprecedented proportions in recent times, it also triggered an economic and social crisis whose consequences will be felt in our societies and economies for years. The decision-making and implementation of the social, economic and fiscal measures in response to the pandemic challenged the economic and fiscal sustainability of states. and simultaneously has raised valid questions about the legitimacy of Covid-19-crisis management. Such concerns are particularly relevant for multilevel systems where (at least) two levels of government are responsible for these areas and decision-making is characterised by either divided or shared powers. This paper reviews existing studies, indexes and databases dealing with the design and effects of the social, fiscal and economic measures in multilevel systems. It addresses general issues around crisis management in multilevel systems general in terms as well as in relation to the social, economic and fiscal measures introduced during the pandemic. The paper also focuses on the role of domestic and transnational governance arrangements in dealing with Covid-19. The review provides an important source to examine policy responses in the context of our study of the legitimacy of social, economic and fiscal measures in multilevel systems.</p>
WP5 Deliverable 5.1. Literature Review: Legitimate Crisis Governance and Trust
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2020 as a health crisis, and which later became an economic and even political crisis (Boin et al. 2020), has shown that political actors like governments, leaders and courts were willing to take or endorse drastic measures to mitigate the spread of the virus. So-called lockdowns and other social restrictions were imposed on citizens without much public participation (Bol et al. 2021). Measures to counter the economic crisis that followed the health crisis were taken as a reaction to increasing demands of the public, though, sometimes, without parliamentary approval (e.g., Bursens et al. 2021). During the sovereign debt crisis as well, the EU imposed austerity policies on various countries without much public debate (Hartveld et al. 2013). At the same time, political systems are increasingly interconnected, forming a multilevel governance (MLG) structure. This means that local, regional, national and supranational levels of government each have their separate spheres of authority, but these levels also need to cooperate, hence the interconnectedness, and therefore become increasingly complex (Behnke et al. 2019; Biela et al. 2013). This interconnectedness of various levels is well expressed in times of crisis. Within the European Union (EU), for example, different levels of government were, in one way or another, involved in the mitigation of the pandemic (Lynggaard et al. 2022). The absence of public participation in the mitigation of crises and the increasing complexity of political systems raise questions on citizens’ perceptions of their governments such as, among others, their political trust. Indeed, political trust is seen as an important precondition for the functioning of a political system, especially in times of crisis (Schraff 2020). Research shows, for example, that political trust influences citizens’ willingness to vaccinate (Wynen et al. 2022) or to comply with laws (Marien & Hooghe 2011). The concept of political trust, which is related to concepts of legitimacy of a political system, is even more relevant in complex MLG contexts, where different tiers of government directly or indirectly influence citizens’ and where citizens can express trust in several levels simultaneously.</p> <p>Political trust can thus be considered as important in both crisis and MLG contexts, and especially in times of crisis in a MLG system. That is why this paper examines the following question: How do crises mitigating measures and multilevel governance contexts impact political trust? Political trust being defined as a “person’s belief that political institutions will act consistently with their expectations of positive behaviour” (Algan 2018). We study this question by means of a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA guidelines of 46 papers on crisis mitigating measures and/or MLG systems, and political trust, whereby political trust is the dependent variable. The goal of this research is to systematize and integrate knowledge of these distinct strands of research, searching for overlaps, in order to get more insight in the phenomenon of political trust. This review thus aims to bridge the gap between two different strands of research by searching for communalities in the way crisis mitigating measures affect political trust and how MLG contexts affect political trust. This is even more relevant given the global scope of crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the increasing pertinence of MLG structures. Both themes are extensively studied, but rarely in combination with political trust or in combination with each other (see for example Boin et al. 2020 for crisis governance, or Behnke et al. 2019 for MLG). The growing complexity and 'trans boundedness' of crises (Boin and Lodge 2016), however, require a stronger focus on the relationships between crises and MLG, as well as how they together affect political trust. This literature review is therefore a first step to determine the state of the art and to integrate findings with regards to political trust in both contexts. This paper shows that there are some overlaps between the different strands of research, both in use of data and methods as in conceptions of and explanations for trust. There are, however, some gaps in the literature, especially with regards to the levels of government that are commonly studied. Research on the effect of crisis governance on trust focuses on the national level as the most important level, neglecting the MLG structure of most political systems. Additionally, the research on trust in MLG contexts focuses mostly on national and supranational levels of government. Literature on lower levels of government, especially the regional level, remains scarce. In both strands of research, various conceptualisations and notions of trust are used. Finally, literature on crisis governance focuses on the policies themselves and on how the implementation of a policy affects political trust. This literature, however, neglects the possible impact of the way in which measures were decided on political trust, for example whether the fact that decisions on measures were taken after intergovernmental consultations or without public participation affects political trust. The paper consists of six parts and is structured as follows: the first part elaborates on the research strategy of the paper, namely how the systematic literature review is performed. The second part discusses the findings with regards to the dependent variable, political trust, while the third and fourth part assess the impact of respectively crisis governance and MLG structures on political trust. In a fifth part, the impact of crisis governance on political trust in a multilevel system is discussed by means of four articles dealing with the sovereign debt crisis, and related austerity policies, in the EU. The paper concludes with a discussion of similarities between the two kinds of research and of the gaps in the literature, finally also providing avenues for further research.</p>
WP2: Deliverable 2.1. Literature Review: Legitimate Crisis Governance in MLG Systems
<p>Crises, such as natural disasters, terrorist events, economic breakdowns, or disease outbreaks, pose fundamental challenges to governments. An important question is how governments can respond to and deal with crises, not only in an effective way, but also in a legitimate way. The legitimacy of crisis governance has received significant attention in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, with government responses that impacted virtually all citizens worldwide and that sometimes led to protests and other challenges to the legitimacy of measures and the authorities passing them. At the same time, the pandemic demanded coordinated action from governments at all levels, requiring a legitimate crisis response sensitive to the needs of federalism, decentralization, supranational authorities and other multilevel governance (MLG) institutions and processes. Despite this increasing scholarly attention, the role that MLG has played in government responses to the pandemic remains uncertain as the literature remains fragmented. Additionally, there is a need for a conceptualization of legitimate crisis governance to better understand these responses and contribute to future effective crisis response. In this three-part deliverable, we first synthesize the literature on the effects of MLG on governments’ policy responses to COVID-19 through a systematic literature review. The systematic literature review shows that while current scholarship reveals much about national, subnational and local responses, it remains limited by a narrow set of research methods, comparisons across cases that are solely of one or another MLG-type, and a lack of specificity regarding the government response studied. The second part of the deliverable develops a conceptual framework for analyzing and assessing the legitimacy of crisis governance and develops a set of expectations that can guide empirical research into the legitimacy of crisis governance. Taking these two perspectives as a starting point, the third part of the deliverable proposes a mixed methods research design for testing the framework to better understand the effects of multilevel governance systems on crisis governance responses and citizens’ perceptions of their legitimacy.</p>
The Georgaphy of Technology Legitimation - database
<p>Dataset created with help discourse network analyser (DNA, Leifeld, P. 2018. Discourse Network Analyser Manual) adapted to the study of the geography of technology legitimation</p>
Nectar robbers deter legitimate pollinators by mutilating flowers
<p>Nectar robbing – harvesting nectar illegitimately – can have a variety of outcomes for plant sexual reproduction and for the pollinator community. Nectar robbers can damage flowers while robbing nectar, which could affect the behavior of subsequent flower visitors and, consequently, plant reproduction. However, only nectar manipulation by nectar robbers has so far received attention. We found a short-tongued bee, Hoplonomia sp. (Halictidae), mutilating the conspicuous lower petal of the zygomorphic flowers of Leucas aspera (Lamiaceae) while robbing nectar. We hypothesized that the mutilation of the conspicuous lower petal deters legitimate pollinators on L. aspera flowers, which, in turn, might affect plant reproduction. We first assessed the proportion of naturally-robbed flowers in plant populations for three years to confirm that it was not a purely local phenomenon due to a few individual bees. We then studied diversity, community and visitation characteristics of pollinators, nectar dynamics, and fruit set in unrobbed and robbed open flowers in naturally-robbed populations. The proportion of robbed flowers varied significantly across sites and years. Robbing did not affect nectar dynamics in flowers, but it did alter flower morphology, so much so that it reduced pollinator visitation and altered the pollinator community on robbed flowers. However, the maternal function of plant reproduction was not affected by nectar robbing. This study for the first time shows that a nectar robber can have an ecologically significant impact on floral morphology.</p>
Privacy policies from legitimate and rogue web sites
<p>This dataset contains 100 privacy policies as well as 69 from rogue sites. The legitimate policies were collected from the web sites of the top 100 companies in the Global 500 list published by Forbes magazine in 2016. The rogue policies were collected mainly from the SpywareGuide.com online archive. All policies are in ASCII format and have been manually read and verified.</p>
WP4 Deliverable 4.1 Literature Review- Legitimate Crisis Governance in the Context of Human, Rights, Minority Rights and the Principle of Non-Discrimination
<p>The Covid-19 pandemic and crisis management dominate media and scholarly literature since 2020. The literature review shows that human rights, their limitation(s) and suspension as well as impact(s) of crisis management on democracy, legitimacy, diverse (social) minorities, marginalized groups and border communities are often mentioned, but seldom focussed on. LEGITIMULT project on legitimate democratic crisis governance in multilevel systems combines multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approaches, qualitative and quantitative research methods in studying those complex and dynamic phenomena. As a deliverable of this project, the paper focuses on the impact(s) of crisis management, policies and measures (particularly restrictive and repressive ones), on human rights, minority rights and protection of minorities as well as on the principle of non-discrimination. Qualitative approaches and methods prove the most suitable for studying the perceptions of persons belonging to diverse minorities on democracy and legitimacy of crisis management and governance in respective environments.</p>
Nectar robbers deter legitimate pollinators by mutilating flowers
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FIGURE 1 in Printed, or just indelible? On the earliest legitimate names, authorship and typification of the taxa described from Italy by Huter, Porta and/or Rigo
FIGURE 1. Lectotype of the name Tanacetum tridactylites A.Kern. & Huter ex Porta & Rigo, conserved at NAP.
Data from: The impact of individual inaccuracy of reciprocal herkogamy on legitimate pollen deposition and seed set in a distylous self-incompatible herb
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Data from: Is sexual organ reciprocity related to legitimate pollen deposition in distylous Pulmonaria (Boraginaceae)?
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Investigating Interventions to Reduce Residual Opioids in the Home Following Legitimate Opioid Prescribing in Children.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04219397. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Human transcription factors responsive to initial reprogramming are predominantly legitimate during iPSC reprogramming
GEO Series GSE159410. Homo sapiens. 19 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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