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42 results for “Leiothrichidae”
Data from: A multilocus molecular phylogeny for the avian genus Liocichla (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae: Liocichla)
Background: Historically the babblers have been assigned to the family Timaliidae but several recent studies have attempted to rest the taxonomy of this diverse passerine assemblage on a more firm evolutionary footing. The result has been a major rearrangement of the group. A well-supported and comprehensive phylogeny for this widespread avian group is an important part of testing evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses, especially in Asia where the babblers are a key component of many forest ecosystems. However, the genus Liocichla is poorly represented in these prior studies of babbler systematics. Methods: We used a multilocus molecular genetic approach to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all five currently recognized species in the avian genus Liocichla. Multilocus DNA sequence data was used to construct individual gene trees using maximum likelihood and species trees were estimated from gene trees using Bayesian analyses. Divergence dates were obtained using a molecular clock approach. Results: Molecular data estimate a probable window of time for the origin for the Liocichla from the mid to late Miocene, between 5.55 and 12.87 Ma. Despite plumage similarities between the insular Taiwan endemic, L. steerii, and the continental L. bugunorum and L. omeiensis, molecular data suggest that L. steerii is the sister taxon to all continental Liocichla. The continental Liocichla are comprised of two lineages; a lineage containing L. omeiensis and L. bugunorum and a lineage comprised of L. phoenicea and L. ripponi. The comparatively early divergence of L. steerii within the Liocichla may be illusory due to extinct and therefore unsampled lineages. L. ripponi and L. phoenicea are parapatric with a Pleistocene split (0.07–1.88 Ma) occurring between an Eastern Himalayan L. phoenicea and a Northern Indochina distributed L. ripponi. L. bugunorum and L. omeiensis underwent a similar split between the Eastern Himalaya (L. bugunorum) and Central China (L. omeiensis) divided by the Hengduan Mountains. Conclusions: This study supports an origin of the Liocichla occurring sometime prior to the Miocene–Pliocene boundary, a period of significant climatic upheaval in Asia. The biogeographical patterns within the Liocichla mirror those of other birds in the region and allude to common geological and climatic drivers of avian diversification in Asia.
FIGURES 99–103 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 99–103. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) tenella n. sp. 99, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 100, male genitalia, dorsal view. 101, male mesosome, ventral view. 102, male paramere, dorsal view. 103, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviation: AN = arched nodus.
FIGURES 97–98 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 97–98. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) tenella n. sp. 97, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 98, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 90–91 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 90–91. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) iuga n. sp. 90, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 91, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 84–89 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 84–89. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) mcgrewi n. sp. 84, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 85, female antenna, ventral view. 86, male genitalia, dorsal view. 87, male mesosome, ventral view. 88, male paramere, dorsal view. 89, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 82–83 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 82–83. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) mcgrewi n. sp. 82, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 83, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 77–81 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 77–81. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) gombakensis n. sp. 77, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 78, male genitalia, dorsal view. 79, male mesosome, ventral view. 80, male paramere, dorsal view. 81, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviation: EN = elongated nodus.
FIGURES 61–66 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 61–66. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) hannesundinae n. sp. 61, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 62, female antenna, ventral view. 63, male genitalia, dorsal view. 64, male mesosome, ventral view. 65, male paramere, dorsal view. 66, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 59–60 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 59–60. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) hannesundinae n. sp. 59, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 60, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 69–74 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 69–74. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) hampuslybecki n. sp. 69, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 70, female antenna, ventral view. 71, male genitalia, dorsal view. 72, male mesosome, ventral view. 73, male paramere, dorsal view. 74, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 49–53 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 49–53. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) ambusta n. sp. 49, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 50, male genitalia, dorsal view. 51, male mesosome, ventral view. 52, male paramere, dorsal view. 53, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 33–38 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 33–38. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) avinus (Ansari, 1956). 33, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 34, female antenna, ventral view. 35, male genitalia, dorsal view. 36, male mesosome, ventral view. 37, male paramere, dorsal view. 38, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 75–76 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 75–76. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) gombakensis n. sp. 75, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 76, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 25–30 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 25–30. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) scottvillai n. sp. 25, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 26, female antenna, ventral view. 27, male genitalia, dorsal view. 28, male mesosome, ventral view. 29, male paramere, dorsal view. 30, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 17–22 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 17–22. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) philiproundi n. sp. 17, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 18, female antenna, ventral view. 19, male genitalia, dorsal view. 20, male mesosome, ventral view. 21, male paramere, dorsal view. 22, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 8–9 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 8–9. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) retusa n. sp. 8, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 9, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 10–14 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 10–14. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) retusa n. sp. 10, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 11, male genitalia, dorsal view. 12, male mesosome, ventral view. 13, male paramere, dorsal view. 14, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 15–16 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 15–16. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) philiproundi n. sp. 15, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 16, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 1–2 in Twelve new species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) with a description of a new subgenus and a key to its species
FIGURES 1–2. Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) sehri (Ansari, 1955). 1, male, whole body, dorsal and ventral views. 2, female, whole body, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 1–7 in Picobia dziabaszewskii sp. nov. (Acari, Syringophilidae)-combined description (morphology with DNA barcode data) of a new quill mite species parasitizing Garrulax formosus (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae)
FIGURES 1–7. Picobia dziabaszewskii sp. nov. Female. 1—dorsal view. 2—ventral view, 3—hypostomal apex, 4—peritremes, 5—propodonotal setae vi, 6—terminal opisthosoma in ventral view, 7—claws of leg III. Scale bars: 1, 2 =100 µm; 3, 4, 5,7 = 25 µm; 6 = 50µm.
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