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FIGURE 1 in A molecular and morphological characterization of Oliver's parrot snake, Leptophis coeruleodorsus (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Tobago

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships within the Leptophis ahaetulla Group as inferred from 1,383 bp of mitochondrial DNA from the concatenated 16S and cytochrome b genes. A 50% majority rule consensus tree from the maximum likelihood analysis is shown. Values above nodes show the parsimony followed by the maximum likelihood bootstrap support values (only values over 50% are shown). Leptophis coeruleodorsus sequences are indicated by the dark, vertical bar.

FIGURE 4 in A molecular and morphological characterization of Oliver's parrot snake, Leptophis coeruleodorsus (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Tobago

FIGURE 4. Known localities of Leptophis coeruleodorsus from Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela are the white markers. The type locality for Leptophis haileyi is the green marker.

FIGURE 3. A in A molecular and morphological characterization of Oliver's parrot snake, Leptophis coeruleodorsus (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Tobago

FIGURE 3. A comparison of Leptophis coeruleodorsus (CAS 231717 from Trinidad) profile and crown (A & B) with Leptophis haileyi sp. nov. (CAS 245313) profile and crown (C & D). Because Trinidad L. coeruleodorsus can have nine upper labials (a trait we have not found present in the Tobago population), this figure compares L. haileyi sp. nov. with a specimen of L. coeruleodorsus with nine upper labials.

FIGURE 2. A in A molecular and morphological characterization of Oliver's parrot snake, Leptophis coeruleodorsus (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Tobago

FIGURE 2. A. One of the syntypes (UUZM 9) of Coluber ahaetulla Linnaeus, a light vertebral stripe is visible. Photo courtesy of Bob Thomas. B−D.The holotype of Leptophis coeruleodorsus Oliver (AMNH 9022), no light vertebral stripe present. Photo courtesy of David Kizirian.

FIGURE 5. Habitat within 250 m in A molecular and morphological characterization of Oliver's parrot snake, Leptophis coeruleodorsus (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Tobago

FIGURE 5. Habitat within 250 m of the type locality of Leptophis haileyi. Top photograph is the Roxborough River; the bottom photograph is a side stream. Semi-evergreen seasonal forest mixed with bamboo is found in this area.

FIGURE 7 in Redescription Of Leptophis cupreus (Cope) (Serpentes, Colubridae), A Rare South American Colubrine Snake

FIGURE 7: Leptophis cupreus (LACM 45444). A female specimen collected in the Chocó region of Colombia.

FIGURE 3 in Redescription Of Leptophis cupreus (Cope) (Serpentes, Colubridae), A Rare South American Colubrine Snake

FIGURE 3: Leptophis cupreus (LACM 45444). Lateral view of head showing the short and diffuse postocular stripe.

FIGURE 6 in Redescription Of Leptophis cupreus (Cope) (Serpentes, Colubridae), A Rare South American Colubrine Snake

FIGURE 6: Leptophis cupreus. A specimen without locality data photographed at the Valencia Aquarium, Valencia, Venezuela. Courtesy of Marco Natera Mumaw.

FIGURE 1 in Redescription Of Leptophis cupreus (Cope) (Serpentes, Colubridae), A Rare South American Colubrine Snake

FIGURE 1: Dorsal view of the holotype of Leptophis cupreus (ANSP 5202), a young female specimen (518 SVL) from the "Napo and Maranon".

FIGURE 33 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 33. Color pattern and color tones of Leptophis urostictus: Male holotype of L. occidentalis chocoensis (=L. urostictus), UMMZ 55528, SVL 1555 mm, from Condoto River, Chocó, Colombia. Note that the black keels are less prominent at vertebral row (indicated by the arrow). Photo by N.R. Albuquerque.

FIGURE 31 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 31. Color pattern and color tones of Leptophis praestans: Male syntype USNM 6754 (paralectotype by designation), SVL 1748 mm (incomplete tail). General view (A). Although faded, the black keels on the V–VII and IX–XI dorsal scale rows and the chevron-shaped markings (indicated by the arrow) are still evident. (B) Profile view. Note the absence of postocular stripe, a condition typical of adult specimens. Scale bar = 0.5 cm. Photos by N.R. Albuquerque.

FIGURE 29 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 29. Color patterns and color tones variation of Leptophis occidentalis: (A) FMNH 282688 from Gracias a Díos, Bachi Kiamp, Honduras. Note that only the scales of rows VI–X possess prominent keels at midbody (i.e., before the reduction to 11 dorsal scale rows), which is typical (sensu Oliver 1948) in specimens of L. occidentalis from the Atlantic side of Central America; and (B) Uncollected specimen from El Limón, state of Aragua, Venezuela. The dorsal scales of rows II–XIV possess prominent keels, matching the diagnosis presented by Oliver (1948) to populations from the Pacific side of Central America. Photos by J.R. McCranie (A) and L.A. Rodríguez (B).

FIGURE 27 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 27. Color pattern and color tones of Leptophis occidentalis: Male syntype of L. occidentalis, BMNH 1946.1.6.62, SVL 946 mm (incomplete tail), from "Guayaquil and western Ecuador". General view (A). Black pigments are indistinct on most keels of dorsal scale rows in this specimen; however, the specimen has lost most of the stratum corneum, and as a result has not retained its original coloration. (B) Profile view. Note the presence of a postocular stripe (indicated by the arrow), a characteristic considered as indistinct when Günther (1859) described this species. Scale bar = 0.5 cm. Photos by J. Klaczko.

FIGURE 28 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 28. Color patterns and color tones variation of Leptophis occidentalis: MVZ 83435, SVL 1075 mm (incomplete tail) from Yaviza, province of Darién, Panamá. Note the supracephalic scales slightly edged with black. Scale bar = 0.5 cm. Photo by N.R. Albuquerque.

FIGURE 26 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 26. Color patterns and color tones variability of Leptophis nigromarginatus: (A) LPHA 1731 and (B) MCZ 2792, both from Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil. The supracephalic scales in these specimens are slightly edged with black and parietals and supraoculars are ornamented (indicated by arrows) with one black spot each. Scale bars = 0.5 cm. Photos by N.R. Albuquerque.

FIGURE 25 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 25. Distribution and frequency map for Leptophis nigromarginatus based upon the material examined. Red (head pattern 1) and green (head pattern 2) colors refer to two different patterns related to the prominence of black borders and spots on the supraocular and parietal scales (see text for details). Circle sizes are proportional to the number of individuals with each color pattern per locality.

FIGURE 34 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 34. Color pattern and color tones of Leptophis urostictus (AMNN 115932) from the south bank of the San Juan River, department of Risaralda, Colombia. Note the keels on paravertebral scales heavily black (indicated by the arrow) (less prominent in the rows below). Photo by C.W. Myers.

FIGURE 22 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 22. Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) sides of the hemipenes of Leptophis marginatus (FML 1624) from Puerto Pilcomayo, departament of Pilcomayo, Formosa Province, Argentina (A-B); L. urostictus (AMNH 109753) from Guanguí stream, department of Cauca, Colombia (C-D); L. occidentalis (ANSP 32397), from province of Limón, Costa Rica (E-F); and L. praestans (KU 55716) from El Petén, Guatemala (G-H) sides. Note the first row of moderate-sized spines in the first two species, and the enlarged spines in the latter two species. Scale bars = 0.5 cm. Photos by N.R. Albuquerque.

FIGURE 24 in Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)

FIGURE 24. Color patterns and color tones variability of Leptophis nigromarginatus: (A) dorsal view of KU 250505, SVL 1013 mm, a male from Nauta Caño, Río Marañón, Department of Loreto, Peru; (B) an uncollected banded juvenile specimen from Shushufindi, province of Sucumbíos, Ecuador; dorsal (C) and (D) lateral views of an uncollected specimen from Croa River, municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, Brazil. Note the black edges on supracephalic scales, the ventral scales edged anteriorly and laterally with Robin's Egg Blue (161) (B, D), the dorsal scales of neck and body with prominent black margins, the presence of one or two black spots in center of each parietal, and one black spot on outer edge of supraocular scales in all specimens; although different in size, the presence of these spots is typical of this species. Note that the color of scales in dorsal rows 1–3 is yellow in the juvenile specimen. Photos by (A) W.W. Lamar, (B) S. Vizcarra and (C–D) L.S. Almeida.