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17 results for “Leucinodes”
Data from: Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)
The larvae of the Old World genera Leucinodes Guenée, 1854 and Sceliodes Guenée, 1854 are internal feeders in the fruits of Solanaceae, causing economic damage to cultivated plants like Solanum melongena and S. aethiopicum. In sub-Saharan Africa five nominal species of Leucinodes and one of Sceliodes occur. One of these species, the eggplant fruit and shoot borer L. orbonalis Guenée, 1854, is regarded as regularly intercepted from Africa and Asia in Europe, North and South America and is therefore a quarantine pest on these continents. We investigate the taxonomy of African Leucinodes and Sceliodes based on morphological characters in wing pattern, genitalia and larvae, as well as mitochondrial DNA, providing these data for identification of all life stages. The results suggest that both genera are congeneric, with Sceliodes syn. n. established as junior subjective synonym of Leucinodes. L. orbonalis is described from Asia and none of the samples investigated from Africa belong to this species. Instead, sub-Saharan Africa harbours a complex of eight endemic Leucinodes species. Among the former nominal species of Leucinodes (and Sceliodes) from Africa, only L. laisalis (Walker, 1859), comb. n. (Sceliodes) is confirmed, with Leucinodes translucidalis Gaede, 1917, syn. n. as a junior subjective synonym. The other African Leucinodes species were unknown to science and are described as new: L. africensis sp. n., L. ethiopica sp. n., L. kenyensis sp. n., L. malawiensis sp. n., L. pseudorbonalis sp. n., L. rimavallis sp. n. and L. ugandensis sp. n. An identification key based on male genitalia is provided for the African Leucinodes species. Most imports of Leucinodes specimens from Africa into Europe refer to Leucinodes africensis, which has been frequently imported with fruits during the last 50 years. In contrast, L. laisalis has been much less frequently recorded, and L. pseudorbonalis as well as L. rimavallis only very recently in fruit imports from Uganda. Accordingly, interceptions of Leucinodes from Africa into other continents will need to be re-investigated for their species identity and will likely require, at least in parts, revisions of the quarantine regulations. The following African taxa are excluded from Leucinodes: Hyperanalyta Strand, 1918, syn. rev. as revised synonym of Analyta Lederer, 1863; Analyta apicalis (Hampson, 1896), comb. n. (Leucinodes); Lygropia aureomarginalis (Gaede, 1916), comb. n. (Leucinodes); Syllepte hemichionalis Mabille, 1900, comb. rev., S. hemichionalis idalis Viette, 1958, comb. rev. and S. vagans (Tutt, 1890), comb. n. (Aphytoceros). Deanolis iriocapna (Meyrick, 1938), comb. n. from Indonesia is originally described and misplaced in Sceliodes, and L. cordalis (Doubleday, 1843), comb. n. (Margaritia) from New Zealand, L. raondry (Viette, 1981), comb. n. (Daraba) from Madagascar as well as L. grisealis (Kenrick, 1912), comb. n. (Sceliodes) from New Guinea are transferred from Sceliodes to Leucinodes. While Leucinodes is now revised from Africa, it still needs further revision in Asia.
Supplementary material 1 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Overview of specimens intercepted in Great Britain by the Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera).:
Data from: Field performance of Bt eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) in the Philippines: Cry1Ac expression and control of the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée)
Plants expressing Cry proteins from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), have become a major tactic for controlling insect pests in maize and cotton globally. However, there are few Bt vegetable crops. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a popular vegetable grown throughout Asia that is heavily treated with insecticides to control the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (EFSB). Herein we provide the first publicly available data on field performance in Asia of eggplant engineered to produce the Cry1Ac protein. Replicated field trials with five Bt eggplant open-pollinated (OP) lines from transformation event EE-1 and their non-Bt comparators were conducted over three cropping seasons in the Philippines from 2010–2012. Field trials documented levels of Cry1Ac protein expressed in plants and evaluated their efficacy against the primary target pest, EFSB. Cry1Ac concentrations ranged from 0.75–24.7 ppm dry weight with the highest in the terminal leaves (or shoots) and the lowest in the roots. Cry1Ac levels significantly increased from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Bt eggplant lines demonstrated excellent control of EFSB. Pairwise analysis of means detected highly significant differences between Bt eggplant lines and their non-Bt comparators for all field efficacy parameters tested. Bt eggplant lines demonstrated high levels of control of EFSB shoot damage (98.6–100%) and fruit damage (98.1–99.7%) and reduced EFSB larval infestation (95.8–99.3%) under the most severe pest pressure during trial 2. Moths that emerged from larvae collected from Bt plants in the field and reared in their Bt eggplant hosts did not produce viable eggs or offspring. These results demonstrate that Bt eggplant lines containing Cry1Ac event EE-1 provide outstanding control of EFSB and can dramatically reduce the need for conventional insecticides.
Data from: Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Field performance of Bt eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) in the Philippines: Cry1Ac expression and control of the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Bt eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Bangladesh: Fruit production and control of eggplant fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee), effects on non-target arthropods and economic returns
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Supplementary material 2 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Overview of barcoded specimens.:
Figure 47 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figure 47 - Neighbor Joining tree of COI Barcodes based on uncorr-p distances and rooted with Udea ferrugalis. Bootstrap support values derived from 1,000 Bootstrap replicates; scale bar represents 1% uncorr-p Barcode divergence.
Figure 35 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figure 35 - Chaetotaxy map of investigated Leucinodes larvae; blue elements illustrate variation found in Leucinodes orbonalis and Leucinodes africensis; red elements illustrate the differences found in Leucinodes laisalis compared to Leucinodes orbonalis and Leucinodes africensis.
Figures 28-34 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figures 28-34 - Female genitalia. 28 Leucinodes laisalis, Kenya (prep. RM308), lateral view 29 Leucinodes ethiopica, Ethiopia (BMNH Pyralidae slide 23139), ventral view 30 Leucinodes ugandensis, Somalia (BMNH Pyralidae slide No. 23137), lateral view 31 Leucinodes orbonalis, Thailand (import) (prep. RM642), ventral close-up of antrum region 32 Leucinodes africensis, Côte d'Ivoire (prep. RM743), dorsolateral close-up of antrum region (phase contrast filter) 33 Leucinodes pseudorbonalis, Uganda (prep. RM706), lateral close-up of antrum region 34 Leucinodes kenyensis, Kenya (prep. MN1134), lateral close-up of antrum region. Abbreviations: as antrum sclerotizations; Scale bar in 28–30 represents 500 µm and in 31–34 represents 200 µm.
Figures 23-27 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figures 23-27 - Female genitalia. 23 Leucinodes orbonalis, Thailand (import) (prep. RM642), ventral view 24 Leucinodes africensis, Ghana (prep. RM640), ventral view 25 Leucinodes rimavallis, Kenya (prep. RM666, SMTD Lep1592), lateral view 26 Leucinodes pseudorbonalis, Uganda (prep. RM706), lateral view 27 Leucinodes kenyensis, Kenya (prep. MN1134), lateral view. Scale bar represents 500 µm.
Figures 1-10 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figures 1-10 - Adult specimens of Leucinodes. 1 Leucinodes orbonalis, syntype ♂ (Bangladesh) 2 Leucinodes africensis ♀ (Angola) 3 Leucinodes rimavallis ♀ (DR Congo: Kivu) 4 Leucinodes pseudorbonalis ♂ (Uganda) 5 Leucinodes kenyensis, holotype ♂ (Kenya) 6 Leucinodes malawiensis, holotype ♂ (Malawi) 7 Leucinodes laisalis ♀, greyish form (Tanzania) 8 Leucinodes laisalis ♀, brownish form (Tanzania) 9 Leucinodes ethiopica, holotype ♂ (Ethiopia) 10 Leucinodes ugandensis, holotype ♂ (Uganda). Scale bar represents 5 mm.
Figures 13-22 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figures 13-22 - Male genitalia. 13 Leucinodes orbonalis, Vietnam (prep. RM503) 14 Leucinodes africensis, two-branched sacculus process, Côte d'Ivoire (prep. RM330, phallus omitted) 15 Leucinodes africensis, single-branched sacculus process, Ghana (import) (prep. RM501) 16 Leucinodes rimavallis, Kenya (prep. RM667) 17 Leucinodes pseudorbonalis, Uganda (prep. RM705) 18 Leucinodes kenyensis, Zimbabwe (prep. RM694) 19 Leucinodes malawiensis, Malawi (prep. RM683) 20 Leucinodes laisalis, South Africa (prep. RM504) 21 Leucinodes ethiopica, Ethiopia (BMNH Pyralidae slide 23138) 22 Leucinodes ugandensis, Somalia (BMNH Pyralidae slide 23140); phallus mirrored. Abbreviations: fi fibula, ga granulated area, sa sacculus, sb side branch of sacculus process, sp sacculus process. Scale bar represents 500 µm.
Figures 42-46 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figures 42-46 - Pupae of Leucinodes. 42–43 Leucinodes africensis 42 dorsal view 43 close-up of cremaster 44–46 Leucinodes laisalis 44 dorsal view 45 lateral view 46 close-up of cremaster. Abbreviations: hs hood-like structures dorsal to spiracles on abdominal segments 2 and 3. Scale bar refers to 42, 44 and 45 and represents 5 mm.
Figures 11-12 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figures 11-12 - Head profiles of adult Leucinodes orbonalis. 11 male 12 female. Figures at same scale.
Figures 36-41 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figures 36-41 - Larvae of Leucinodes. 36–37 Leucinodes orbonalis 36 mid instar 37 late instar 38–39 Leucinodes africensis 38 mid instar 39 late instar 40–41 Leucinodes laisalis 40 early instar 41 late instar.
Figure 48 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figure 48 - Distribution map of African Leucinodes species.
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