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251 results for “Life-history data”
Data for "Ecosystem size filters life-history strategies to shape community assembly in lakes"
<p>Dataset 1. List of 71 fish species collected from north temperate lakes in Wisconsin USA. Data include critical life-history data used for strategy classifications according to Winemiller and Rose (1992), principal component scores, and strategy classification according to the cluster analysis.</p> <p>Dataset 2. Species occurrence data in all study lakes along with results from the 'soft classification" according to Euclidean distance.</p> <p>Dataset 3. Limnological and fish community characteristics of study lakes including species richness, lake area, estimated lake volume, and convex hull statistics for the overall fish community and each life-history strategy type.</p>
Landscape composition and life-history traits influence bat movement and space use: analysis of 30 years of published telemetry data
<p>Using temperate bats, a group of particular conservation concern, we investigated how morphological traits, habitat specialization and environmental variables affect home range sizes and daily foraging movements, using a compilation of 30 years of published bat telemetry data in Northern America and Europe for the period 1988 – 2016.</p> <p>We compiled data on home range size and mean daily distance between roosts and foraging areas at both colony and individual levels from 166 studies of 3,129 radiotracked individuals of 49 bat species. We calculated multi-scale habitat composition and configuration in the surrounding landscapes of all studied roosts. Using mixed models, we examined the effects of habitat availability and spatial arrangement on bat movements, while accounting for body mass, aspect ratio, wing loading and habitat specialization.</p> <p>We found a significant effect of landscape composition on home range size and mean daily distance at both colony and individual levels. On average, home ranges were up to 42% smaller in the most habitat-diversified landscapes while mean daily distances were up to 30% shorter in the most forested landscapes. Bat home range size significantly increased with body mass, wing aspect ratio and wing loading, and decreased with habitat specialization.</p>
Data and custom codes from "Rapid evolution in salmon life-history induced by direct and indirect effects of fishing"
<p>Data and custom codes from Czorlich, Y., Aykanat, T., Erkinaro, J., Orell, P. & Primmer, C.R. (2021) <em>Rapid evolution in salmon life-history induced by direct and indirect effects of fishing. </em>Science.</p> <p><strong>Codes:</strong></p> <p>The R file "Fishing_effort_parallel.R" was used to estimate fishing effort/intensity (beta in equation 8) given the length distribution, the gear-specific catchability and harvest rate</p> <p>"Fishing_selection_estimate.R" was used to estimate fishery-induced selection at <em>vgll3.</em></p> <p><strong>Datasets:</strong></p> <p>Genetic_phenotypic_data.xlsx: Genetic and phenotypic data about salmon from the Teno mainstem population</p> <p>sonar_data.xlsx: Number of salmon per length class entering the river in 2018 and 2019. The length classes of salmon caught in those years by one of the fishing methods are also included</p> <p>annual_catch_data.xlsx: Total mass (kg) of salmon caught by each fishing method between 1975 to 2014.</p> <p>Environmental_data.xlsx: Data about Barents Sea temperature, biomass of key species, fishing data</p> <p>individual_weight_salmon_catches.xlsx: Individual weight of salmon caught with different fishing gears in the last decades</p> <p><strong>Data sources:</strong></p> <p>- Genetic data (Tenojoki population, random sampling): From Czorlich et al. 2018, https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.7hm4708</p> <p>- Data about krill biomass (1980 – 2013) were taken from (<em>1</em>, <em>2</em>).</p> <p>- Capelin biomass estimated from acoustic survey and the landed capelin catches were derived from (<em>3</em>) for 1973 – 2013.</p> <p>- Herring biomass data were retrieved from (<em>4</em>) for the 1973-1998 period. Herring biomass was calculated from the number of 1-2 year old herring and the mean weight per age as reported in (<em>3</em>) for 1988 – 2013.</p> <p>- The annual biomass of cod (a predator of forage fish) was derived from VPA analyses ((<em>5</em>), table 3.24). Landed cod biomass was also taken from (<em>5</em>).</p> <p>- An index for mesozooplankton (a forage fish food source) corresponding to the sum of <em>Calanus</em> biomass indices from different parts of the Barents Sea was used (<em>6</em>).</p> <p>- The annual sea temperature in the Kola section of the Barents Sea measured in the upper 200 meters was from <a href="http://www.pinro.vniro.ru/">pinro.vniro.ru</a></p> <p>- The total number of nets used to catch salmon in the Finnmark coastal region was calculated for each year using data from (7)</p> <p>- Other data were generated for this study, please check the Material and Methods. </p> <p><em>References:</em></p> <p>1. E. Eriksen, P. Dalpadado, Long-term changes in Krill biomass and distribution in the Barents Sea: Are the changes mainly related to capelin stock size and temperature conditions? <em>Polar Biology</em>. <strong>34</strong>, 1399–1409 (2011).</p> <p>2. ICES, “Report of the Working Group on the Integrated Assessments of the Barents Sea. ICES CM 2017/SSGIEA:04. 186 pp.” (2017).</p> <p>3. ICES, “Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES CM 2015/ACOM:05. 639 pp.” (2015).</p> <p>4. R. Toresen, O. J. Østvedt, Variation in abundance of Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus, Clupeidae) throughout the 20th century and the influence of climatic fluctuations. <em>Fish and Fisheries</em>. <strong>85</strong>, 385–391 (2000).</p> <p>5. ICES, “Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES CM 2016/ACOM:06. 621 pp.” (2016).</p> <p>6. L. C. Stige et al., Spatiotemporal statistical analyses reveal predator-driven zooplankton fluctuations in the Barents Sea. <em>Progress in Oceanography</em>. <strong>120</strong>, 243–253 (2014).</p> <p>7. E. Niemelä, T. Kalske, E. Hassinen, “Numbers of fishing gears used in Kolarctic salmon project area, numbers of allowed sites for salmon fishing and numbers of salmon fishermen in Finnmark; development until the year 2013” (2013).</p>
Data for Contrasting life-history responses to climate variability in eastern and western North Pacific sardine populations
<p><span>Massive populations of sardines inhabit both the western and eastern boundaries of the world's subtropical ocean basins, supporting both commercial fisheries and populations of marine predators. Sardine populations in western and eastern boundary current systems have responded oppositely to decadal scale anomalies in ocean temperature, but the mechanism for differing variability has remained unclear. Here, based on otolith microstructure and high-resolution stable isotope analyses, we show that habitat temperature, early life growth rates, energy expenditure, metabolically optimal temperature and, most importantly, the relationship between growth rate and temperature were remarkably different between the two subpopulations in the western and eastern North Pacific. Varying metabolic response to environmental changes partly explain the contrasting growth responses. Consistent differences in the life-history traits are observed between subpopulations in the western and eastern boundary current systems around South Africa. These growth and survival characteristics can facilitate the contrasting responses of sardine populations to climate change.</span></p>
Data from: Weedy and seedy: The rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy
<p>Despite the importance of life-history characteristics in determining a species' success, we still lack basic information about some fundamental life-history elements found across the life cycle of introduced plants. Our study assesses rapid evolutionary divergence in life-history characteristics of the beach daisy, <em>Arctotheca populifolia,</em> by comparing introduced Australian and source South African plants and measuring eight key variables including seed mass, germination, reproductive output and survival. This is the first study that compares the life history of an introduced plant species with its single original source population, providing a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary divergence. We found that introduced <em>A. populifolia</em> has evolved a suite of weedy life-history characteristics in less than 90 years: the introduced plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination and survival and produce significantly more inflorescences and more seeds that germinate faster. This knowledge adds to the remarkable data that we already have on the rapid evolutionary divergence occurring in the morphology, physiology and defence of this introduced plant and highlights the speed and scope of evolutionary divergence possible in plants. To fully understand and manage the future of our plant species, we must consider their potential for ongoing change in key aspects of life history.</p>
Data from: Selection on an extreme-yet-conserved larval life-history strategy in a tapeworm
<p>Evolutionary stasis characterizes many phenotypes, even ones that seem suboptimal. Among tapeworms, <em>Schistocephalus solidus</em> and its relatives have some of the shortest developmental times in their first intermediate hosts, yet their development still seems excessively long considering they can grow faster, larger, and safer in the next hosts in their complex life cycles. I conducted four generations of selection on the developmental rate of <em>S. solidus</em> in its copepod first host, pushing a conserved-but-counterintuitive phenotype towards the limit of known tapeworm life-history strategies. Faster parasite development evolved and enabled earlier infectivity to the stickleback next host, but low heritability for infectivity moderated fitness gains. Fitness losses were more pronounced for slow-developing parasite families, irrespective of selection line, because directional selection released linked genetic variation for reduced infectivity to copepods, developmental stability, and fecundity. This deleterious variation is normally suppressed, implying development is canalized and thus under stabilizing selection. Nevertheless, faster development was not costly; fast-developing genotypes did not decrease copepod survival, even under host starvation, nor did they underperform in the next hosts, suggesting parasite stages in successive hosts are genetically decoupled. I speculate that, on longer time scales, the ultimate cost of abbreviated development is reduced size-dependent infectivity.</p>
Data from: Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life-history traits in steelhead trout
<p>Life-history variation is the raw material of adaptation, and understanding its genetic and environmental underpinning is key to designing effective conservation strategies. We used large-scale genetic pedigree reconstruction of anadromous steelhead trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>) from the Russian River, California, USA to elucidate sex-specific patterns of life-history traits and their heritability. SNP data from adults returning from sea over a 14-year period were used to identify 13,474 parent-offspring trios. These pedigrees were used to determine age structure, size distributions, and family sizes for these fish, as well as to estimate the heritability of two key life-history traits, spawn date and age at maturity (first reproduction). Spawn date was highly heritable (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.73) and had a cross-sex genetic correlation near unity. We provide the first estimate of heritability for age at maturity in ocean-going fish from this species and found it to be high heritable (h<sup>2</sup> from 0.29–0.62, depending upon sex and calculation), with a much lower genetic correlation across sexes. We also evaluated genotypes at a migration-associated inversion polymorphism and found sex-specific correlations with age at maturity. The significant heritability of these two key reproductive traits in these imperiled fish, and their patterns of inheritance in the two sexes, is consistent with predictions of both natural and sexually antagonistic selection (sexes experience opposing selection pressures). This emphasizes the importance of anthropogenic factors, including hatchery practices and ecosystem modifications, in shaping the fitness of this species, thus providing important guidance for management and conservation efforts.</p>
Data from: Alternative life-history strategy contributions to effective population size in a naturally spawning Salmon population
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Data from: Selection on an extreme-yet-conserved larval life-history strategy in a tapeworm
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Data from: Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life-history traits in steelhead trout
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Data for Contrasting life-history responses to climate variability in eastern and western North Pacific sardine populations
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Data from: Revised age estimates for Northern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) based on observed life-history events and demographic discounting
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Data and code from: Seasonal timing of ecosystem linkage mediates life-history variation in a salmonid fish population
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Data from: Meroplankton diversity, seasonality and life-history traits across the Barents Sea Polar Front revealed by high-throughput DNA barcoding
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Data for Predation and resource availability interact to drive life-history evolution in an adaptive radiation of livebearing fish
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Data from: Weedy and seedy: The rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy
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Data from: Live fast, die old: oxidative stress as a potential mediator of an unexpected life-history evolution
Intraspecific latitudinal patterns in life history are well documented, yet underlying mechanisms of such patterns are poorly understood. To advance our insights in the evolution of latitudinal differences in two key traits, growth rate and lifespan, we evaluated the potential costs of rapid growth in terms of reduced adult lifespan, and the mediatory role of oxidative stress. We studied latitudinal differentiation in routine and experimentally increased (compensatory) larval growth rates, and in adult lifespan under common garden conditions in low- and high-latitude populations of the damselfly <i>Ischnura elegans</i>. The low-latitude populations showed not only higher routine growth rates but also a stronger compensatory growth response after a transient food shortage compared to the high-latitude populations. In contrast with a trade-off scenario, adults of the faster growing low-latitude populations lived longer, had higher levels of antioxidant enzymes, and tended to experience lower oxidative damage. Importantly, these latitudinal patterns were largely mirrored at the treatment level, where experimentally induced compensatory growth rates were associated with neither oxidative damage nor shorter adult lifespans. Moreover, individuals with a higher growth rate after the transient food shortage did not have shorter adult lifespans or higher oxidative damage, but instead showed a stronger antioxidant defense. Our data indicate that an overcompensatory, hormetic response in antioxidant defense, potentially induced by the higher routine growth rates, resulting in less oxidative damage may underlie these unexpected growth-lifespan patterns. Our results highlight the added value of incorporating oxidative stress physiology, and the need to consider multivariate trade-offs in which animals optimize multiple traits, when studying life-history evolution.
Data from: Life-history theory provides a framework for detecting resource limitation: a test of the Nutritional Buffer Hypothesis
<p>For ungulates and other long-lived species, life-history theory predicts that nutritional reserves are allocated to reproduction in a state-dependent manner because survival is highly conserved. Further, as per-capita food abundance and nutritional reserves decline (i.e., density-dependence intensifies), reproduction and recruitment become increasingly sensitive to weather. Thus, the degree to which weather influences vital rates should be associated with proximity to nutritional carrying capacity—a notion that we refer to as the Nutritional Buffer Hypothesis. We tested the Nutritional Buffer Hypothesis using six moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) populations that varied in calf recruitment (33-69 calves/ 100 cows). We predicted that populations with high calf recruitment were nutritionally buffered against the effects of unfavorable weather, and thus were below nutritional carrying capacity. We applied a suite of tools to quantify habitat and nutritional condition of each population and found that increased browse condition, forage quality, and body fat were associated with increased pregnancy and calf recruitment, thereby providing multiple lines of evidence that declines in calf recruitment were underpinned by resource limitation. From 2001 to 2015, recruitment was more sensitive to interannual variation in weather (e.g., winter severity, drought) and plant phenology (e.g., duration of spring) for populations with reduced browse condition, forage quality, and body fat, suggesting these populations lacked the nutritional reserves necessary to buffer demographic performance against the effects of unfavorable weather. Further, average within-population calf recruitment was determined by regional climatic variation, suggesting that the pattern of reduced recruitment near the southern range boundary of moose stems from an interaction between climate and resource limitation. When coupled with information on habitat, nutrition, weather, and climate, life-history theory provides a framework to estimate nutritional limitation, proximity to nutritional carrying capacity, and impacts of climate change for ungulates.</p>
Data from: Life-history differences across latitude in common side blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana)
Life‐history strategies are known to shift with latitude in many species. While life‐history variation related to body size, reproductive investment, and behavior has been studied for years, another crucial life‐history component is the immune system, which can influence an animal's survival. We measured selected life‐history traits in side‐blotched lizards in southern Utah and Oregon in the field for two consecutive years and conducted a common‐garden experiment in the laboratory to determine how organisms from different latitudes optimize either immunity or reproduction. We observed lizards from southern populations, which are known to be shorter‐lived, had lower immune function during reproduction when compared to northern lizards in 2012, but the relationship reversed in the following year. Our laboratory study revealed that southern lizards healed cutaneous wounds faster and had higher microbiocidal ability when compared to their northern counterparts, but lost mass doing so. The northern lizards ate more than the southern ones and maintained their body mass. It is possible that northern lizards are better adapted to taking advantage of available food resources. Alternatively, southern lizards may have exhibited sickness behavior in response to an immune challenge or reacted more strongly to the stress of captivity. We found differences in life‐history strategies used by animals from different latitudes, and that these changes can shift within a population depending on the weather conditions of the year. Furthermore, when taken from the field and placed into a common‐garden environment, some of these differences in strategy appear to be intrinsic to the animals (i.e., whether they came from southern or northern populations).
Data from: Why does offspring size affect performance? Integrating metabolic scaling with life-history theory
Within species, larger offspring typically outperform smaller offspring. While the relationship between offspring size and performance is ubiquitous, the cause of this relationship remains elusive. By linking metabolic and life-history theory, we provide a general explanation for why larger offspring perform better than smaller offspring. Using high-throughput respirometry arrays, we link metabolic rate to offspring size in two species of marine bryozoan. We found that metabolism scales allometrically with offspring size in both species: while larger offspring utilise absolutely more energy than smaller offspring, larger offspring use proportionally less of their maternally-derived energy throughout the dependent, non-feeding phase. The increased metabolic efficiency of larger offspring while dependent on maternal investment may explain offspring size effects –larger offspring reach nutritional independence (feed for themselves) with a higher proportion of energy relative to structure than smaller offspring. These findings offer a potentially universal explanation for why larger offspring tend to perform better than smaller offspring but studies on other taxa are needed.
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