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65 results for “Ligia”
Data from: A complex evolutionary history in a remote archipelago: phylogeography and morphometrics of the Hawaiian endemic Ligia isopods
Compared to the striking diversification and levels of endemism observed in many terrestrial groups within the Hawaiian Archipelago, marine invertebrates exhibit remarkably lower rates of endemism and diversification. Supralittoral invertebrates restricted to specific coastal patchy habitats, however, have the potential for high levels of allopatric diversification. This is the case of Ligia isopods endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago, which most likely arose from a rocky supralittoral ancestor that colonized the archipelago via rafting, and diversified into rocky supralittoral and inland lineages. A previous study on populations of this isopod from Oʻahu and Kauaʻi revealed high levels of allopatric differentiation, and suggested inter-island historical dispersal events have been rare. To gain a better understanding on the diversity and evolution of this group, we expanded prior phylogeographic work by incorporating populations from unsampled main Hawaiian Islands (Maui, Molokaʻi, Lanaʻi, and Hawaiʻi), increasing the number of gene markers (four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes), and conducting Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Our study revealed new lineages and expanded the distribution range of several lineages. The phylogeographic patterns of Ligia in the study area are complex, with Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, and the Maui-Nui islands sharing major lineages, implying multiple inter-island historical dispersal events. In contrast, the oldest and most geographically distant of the major islands (Kauaʻi) shares no lineages with the other islands. Our results did not support the monophyly of all the supralittoral lineages (currently grouped into L. hawaiensis), or the monophyly of the terrestrial lineages (currently grouped into L. perkinsi), implying more than one evolutionary transition between coastal and inland forms. Geometric-morphometric analyses of three supralittoral clades revealed significant body shape differences among them. A taxonomic revision of Hawaiian Ligia is warranted. Our results are relevant for the protection of biodiversity found in an environment subject to high pressure from disturbances.
Data from: Constrained body shape among highly genetically divergent allopatric lineages of the supralittoral isopod Ligia occidentalis (Oniscidea)
Multiple highly divergent lineages have been identified within Ligia occidentalis sensu lato, a rocky supralittoral isopod distributed along a ~3000 km latitudinal gradient that encompasses several proposed marine biogeographic provinces and ecoregions in the eastern Pacific. Highly divergent lineages have nonoverlapping geographic distributions, with distributional limits that generally correspond with sharp environmental changes. Crossbreeding experiments suggest postmating reproductive barriers exist among some of them, and surveys of mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers do not show evidence of hybridization. Populations are highly isolated, some of which appear to be very small; thus, the effects of drift are expected to reduce the efficiency of selection. Large genetic divergences among lineages, marked environmental differences in their ranges, reproductive isolation, and/or high isolation of populations may have resulted in morphological differences in L. occidentalis, not detected yet by traditional taxonomy. We used landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses to test for differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages of L. occidentalis, and among populations within these lineages. We analyzed a total of 492 individuals from 53 coastal localities from the southern California Bight to Central Mexico, including the Gulf of California. We conducted discriminant function analyses (DFAs) on body shape morphometrics to assess morphological variation among genetically differentiated lineages and their populations. We also tested for associations between phylogeny and morphological variation, and whether genetic divergence is correlated to multivariate morphological divergence. We detected significant differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages, and among populations within these lineages. Nonetheless, neither lineages nor populations can be discriminated on the basis of body shape, because correct classification rates of cross-validated DFAs were low. Genetic distance and phylogeny had weak to no effect on body shape variation. The supralittoral environment appears to exert strong stabilizing selection and/or strong functional constraints on body shape in L. occidentalis, thereby leading to morphological stasis in this isopod.
Data from: Phylogeographic analysis of Ligia oceanica (Crustacea: Isopoda) reveals two deep divergent mitochondrial lineages
Isopods of the species Ligia oceanica are typical inhabitants of the rocky intertidal of the northern European coastline. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic structure of this species using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. We analysed partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) and 16S rRNA gene sequence data of 161 specimens collected from ten sites ranging from Spain to Norway. For selected specimens, we also sequenced the hypervariable V7 expansion segment of the nuclear 18S rRNA gene as a supplementary marker. Furthermore, we studied the infection rate of all analysed specimens by the alphaproteobacterium Wolbachia. Our analyses revealed two deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages for Ligia oceanica that probably diverged in the late Pliocene to mid Pleistocene. One lineage comprised specimens from northern populations ('lineage N') and one primarily those from France and Spain ('lineage S'). Distribution patterns of the haplotypes and the genetic distances between both lineages revealed two populations that diverged before the Last Glacial Maximum. Given that we found no homogenization of mitochondrial haplotypes, our present results also reject any influence of Wolbachia on the observed mtDNA variability
FIGURE 7. Gonatodes petersi. A in Venezuelan geckos (Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, Sphaerodactylidae) in the collection of the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, with description of the type series of Gonatodes ligiae and Gonatodes petersi (Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 7. Gonatodes petersi. A: holotype, dorsal view. B: ventral view. C: Alotype dorsal view. D: alotype, ventral view. Not to scale. Photos by Juan Pablo Donoso.
FIGURE 3. Gonatodes ligiae. A in Venezuelan geckos (Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, Sphaerodactylidae) in the collection of the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, with description of the type series of Gonatodes ligiae and Gonatodes petersi (Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 3. Gonatodes ligiae. A: male, B: female. A species from the Andean-Llanos piedmont of Venezuela and Colombia, named by RDB and redescribed in this work. Calderas, estado Barinas. Photos by C. L. Barrio-Amorós.
FIGURE 6. Gonatodes petersi. A in Venezuelan geckos (Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, Sphaerodactylidae) in the collection of the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, with description of the type series of Gonatodes ligiae and Gonatodes petersi (Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 6. Gonatodes petersi. A: male; B: female. La Orchila, Sierra de Perijá, estado Zulia. Uncollected specimens. Photos: Fernando Rojas-Runjaic.
FIGURE 2. A in Venezuelan geckos (Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, Sphaerodactylidae) in the collection of the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, with description of the type series of Gonatodes ligiae and Gonatodes petersi (Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 2. A: Gonatodes albogularis. A common species in Northern Venezuela and Colombia, now introduced to many areas where it formerly was unknown. Male. La Acequia, estado Barinas. B: Gonatodes ceciliae, male. A gorgeous species endemic to the Península de Paria; Macuro, estado Sucre, described by RDB. C: Gonatodes humeralis. One of the most widespread geckos in South America. Male. Imataca, estado Bolívar. D: Gonatodes seigliei, male. Another beautiful species described by RDB, from Cueva del Guácharo, estado Monagas. E: Gonatodes taniae, female. An endemic species from the central Cordillera de la Costa in Northern Venezuela. Rancho Grande, estado Aragua. F: Gonatodes vittatus, male. Common species in dry areas, Coro, estado Falcón. Photos by C. L. Barrio-Amorós.
FIGURE 5 in Venezuelan geckos (Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, Sphaerodactylidae) in the collection of the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, with description of the type series of Gonatodes ligiae and Gonatodes petersi (Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 5. Detail of the supra humeral ocelli on the holotype of Gonatodes ligiae. Photo by Juan Pablo Donoso.
FIGURE 4. Gonatodes ligiae. A in Venezuelan geckos (Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, Sphaerodactylidae) in the collection of the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, with description of the type series of Gonatodes ligiae and Gonatodes petersi (Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 4. Gonatodes ligiae. A: Holotype, dorsal view; B: holotype, ventral view. C: allotype, dorsal view; D: allotype, ventral view. Not to scale. Photos by Juan Pablo Donoso.
FIGURE 1. A in Venezuelan geckos (Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, Sphaerodactylidae) in the collection of the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, with description of the type series of Gonatodes ligiae and Gonatodes petersi (Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 1. A: Hemidactylus mabouia. An introduced African species. Common in all cities of Venezuela. B: Hemidactylus palaichtus, a native species, displaying sexual dimorphism; male left, female right. Río Caura, estado Bolívar. C: Phyllodactylus ventralis, a common species in dry habitats of northern Venezuela and Colombia. Coro, estado Falcón. D: Thecadactylus rapicauda, the largest South American gecko. Sierra de Lema, estado Bolívar. Photos by C. L. Barrio-Amorós.
FIGURE 14 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 14. Ligia laticarpa sp. nov. Holotype, male, 38 mm (OMNH-Ar-12571) and paratype, male, 38 mm (OMNH-Ar12572) [M]. Scales: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 17 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 17. Ligia laticarpa sp. nov. Paratype, ovigerous female, 32 mm (OMNH-Ar-12574). Scales: 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences of Ligia species. Ligia hawaiensis and L. perkinsi were used as the outgroups. Values at nodes represent bootstrap values/Bayesian posterior probabilities. Vertical bars represent assignments by species delimitation analyses, including ASAP, bPTP and mPTP. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The complete list of used nucleotide sequences is shown in Table S1. The detailed phylogenetic tree is shown in Fig. S2.
FIGURE 3. Ligia exotica Roux, 1828. A in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 3. Ligia exotica Roux, 1828. A, male, 32 mm (OMNH-Ar-12585); B, female, 26 mm (OMNH-Ar-12588). Scales: 10 mm.
FIGURE 6. Ligia exotica Roux, 1828. Male, 32 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 6. Ligia exotica Roux, 1828. Male, 32 mm (OMNH-Ar-12585); male, 29 mm (OMNH-Ar-12586) [M1]; male, 27 mm (OMNH-Ar-12589) [M2]; and male, 30 mm (OMNH-Ar-12613) [M3]. Scales: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 8 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 8. Ligia furcata sp. nov. A, paratype, male, 34 mm (OMNH-Ar-12600); B, paratype, female, 30 mm (OMNH-Ar12605). Scales: 10 mm.
FIGURE 10 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 10. Ligia furcata sp. nov. Holotype, male, 36 mm (OMNH-Ar-12599). Posterior views (posterolateral to posteromedial). Scales: 1 mm.
FIGURE 13 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 13. Ligia laticarpa sp. nov. A, holotype, male, 38 mm (OMNH-Ar-12571); B, paratype, ovigerous female, 32 mm (OMNH-Ar-12581). Scales: 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 1. Map showing collecting sites of the examined specimens. A, Misaki Town in Osaka Prefecture; B, Nishinomiya City in Hyogo Prefecture; C, Enoshima Island in Kanagawa Prefecture; D, Lake Shinji in Shimane Prefecture.
FIGURE 5. Ligia exotica Roux, 1828. Male, 32 in A morphological and molecular study of Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ligiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 5. Ligia exotica Roux, 1828. Male, 32 mm (OMNH-Ar-12585). Posterior views (posterolateral to posteromedial). Scales: 1 mm.
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