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25 results for “Limonius”
FIGURE 5 in First record and two new species of the genus Limonius Eschscholtz (Coleoptera Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan
FIGURE 5. Limonius onyx Arimoto & Suzuki sp. n., male, holotype. A: habitus, dorsal view; B: habitus, ventral view; C: head, dorsal view (arrow: lateral carina weakly prominent just behind anterior angle); D: basal antennomeres; E: head and anterior half of prothorax, lateral view (arrow: supra-antennal carina strongly prominent anteriad); F: hypomeron and prosternum, lateroventral view (black arrow: mesial edge of hypomeron carinate anterolaterad; white arrow: pronotosternal sutures slightly grooved anteriorly); G: prosternal spine and mesosternum, lateral view (arrow: scutellum weakly elevated medially); H: prosternal spine, ventral view (arrows: sides at ventral view anteriorly strongly prominent); I: scutellum (arrow: posterior margin broadly rounded, but emarginated medially); J: external margin of ventrite V.
PLATE 7. Limonius, part. Fig. 31 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 7. Limonius, part. Fig. 31: Internal female internal genitalia, L. aeruginosus. Bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Type F; L. canus species-group. acgl: accessory gland; bc: bursa copulatrix; cg: colleterial gland; te: tubular extension; u: uterus; v: vagina. Fig. 32: Internal female internal genitalia, L. longicornis, Punjab, identified by association with male. Bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Fig. 33: Internal female internal genitalia, L. dubitans. Bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Compare with Fig. 13 in Becker 1956. Fig. 34: Internal female internal genitalia, L. infuscatus. Bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Fig. 35: Complete frontal margin, L. infuscatus, in Canus species-group. Fig. 36: Frontal margin nearly absent, L. dubitans, in Canus species-group and type species of Nothodes.
PLATE 2. Gambrinus, part. Fig. 4 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 2. Gambrinus, part. Fig. 4: Lateral view of pronotum, notice posterior margin of hypomeron. G. rufihumeralis. Fig. 5: Female internal genitalia. G. rufihumeralis. acgl: accessory gland; bc: bursa copulatrix; cg: colleterial gland; te: tubular extension; u: uterus; v: vagina. Compare with Fig. 8c in Han et al. 2012 and Fig. 14 in Becker 1956. Base of bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Fig. 6: Female internal genitalia. G. griseus. Bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized.
PLATE 11. Tetralimonius, part. Lines represent 1 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 11. Tetralimonius, part. Lines represent 1mm. Fig. 56: Dorsal habitus, T. humeralis. Fig. 57: Dorsal habitus, T. humeralis, color variation. Fig. 58: Dorsal habitus, T. maculicollis. Fig. 59: Dosal habitus, T. nimbatus. Fig. 60: Dorsal habitus, T. ornatulus. Fig. 61: Dorsal habitus, T. ornatulus, color variation.
PLATE 5. Limonius, part. All ventral view. Fig. 17 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 5. Limonius, part. All ventral view. Fig. 17: Aedeagus, Minutus species-group. L. minutus. Fig. 18: Aedeagus, Parvulus species-group. L. aeger. Fig. 19: Aedeagus, Parvulus species-group. L. parvulus. Fig. 20: Aedeagus, Consimilis species-group. L. consimilis. Fig. 21: Aedeagus, Pilosus species-group. L. pilosus. Fig. 22: Aedeagus, Canus species-group, part. L. agonus. Fig. 23: Aedeagus, Canus species-group, part. L. subauratus. Fig. 24: Mesocoxal cavity. L. minutus.
PLATE 9 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 9. Hemicrepidius, Pheletes, and Tetralimonius Fig. 43: Procoxal cavity not narrowed by expansion of prosternal process, H. memnonius. Line equals 1 mm. Fig. 44: Procoxal cavity partially narrowed with weak expansion of prosternal process. P. aeneoniger. Not to scale. Fig. 45: Internal female internal genitalia, P. lecontei. Compare with Fig. 12 in Becker 1956. Bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Line equals 1 mm. Colleterial gland size is estimated in figure due to being damaged. The accessory gland noted by Becker (1956) was not seen in the examined specimen. Fig. 46: Aedeagus, P. lecontei. Line equals 0.5 mm. Fig. 47: Pentagonal scutellum. T. ornatipennis. Not to scale.
PLATE 12. Larval Characters. Fig. 62 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 12. Larval Characters. Fig. 62: Frontal clypeal area, dorsal view. Limonius dubitans. After Fig. 32a in Glen 1950. Fig. 63: Frontal clypeal area, dorsal view. Pheletes aeneoniger. After Fig. 30a in Glen 1950. Fig. 64: Nasale, ventral view. Limonius pilosus. After Fig. 30g in Glen 1950. n= nasale; sn = subnasale. Fig. 65: Right mandible of L. dubitans larva. After Fig. 32b in Glen 1950. Compare with Fig. 91a in Dolin 1978. Fig. 66: Right mandible of L. pilosus larva. After Fig. 30e in Glen 1950. Fig. 67: Right mandible of L. hirtus larva. Dolin uses this character to define his genus Solskyana. Adapted from Fig. 93a in Dolin 1978. Fig. 68: Right mandible of P. aeneoniger larva. After Fig. 30c in Glen 1950. Compare to Fig. 97a in Dolin 1978. Fig. 69: Head and pronotum, dorsal view. Limonius californicus. Fig. 70: Head and pronotum, ventral view. L. californicus. Note undivided prosternum. Fig. 71: Close-up illustration of nasale in Fig. 69. L. californicus. Fig. 72: Ninth abdominal segment. L. californicus. Urogomphal prongs (black arrow) are often small tubercles in other species, such as L. aeger.
PLATE 1. Elathous. Fig. 1 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 1. Elathous. Fig. 1: Lateral view of pronotum, notice posterior margin of hypomeron. E. nebulosus. Fig. 2: Female internal genitalia. E. nebulosus. acgl: accessory gland; bc: bursa copulatrix; cg: colleterial gland; te: tubular extension (likely connects to spermatheca (Becker 1956)); u: uterus; v: vagina; labeling follows Han et al. 2012. The bursa copulatrix is lightly sclerotized. Fig. 3: Aedeagus, ventral view. E. nebulosus.
PLATE 8. Limonius, part. Fig. 37 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 8. Limonius, part. Fig. 37: Weakly grooved anterior ends of prosternal sutures, L. canus. White arrow points to groove. Fig. 38: Anterior ends of prosternal sutures nearly entirely closed, L. subauratus. White arrow points to where groove is present on other species. Fig. 39: Weakly sclerotized ovipositor, L. infuscatus in L. canus species-group. This is the typical ovipositor for most species in Limonius and related genera. Compare with Fig. 6a in Han et al. 2012. Fig. 40: Drawing of weakly sclerotized ovipositor. Fig. 41: Moderately sclerotized ovipositor, L. californicus in L. canus species-group. Fig. 42: Heavily sclerotized ovipositor, L. canus in L. canus species-group. Also found in L. auruginosus.
PLATE 6 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 6. Limonius, part. acgl: accessory gland; bc: bursa copulatrix; cg: colleterial gland; te: tubular extension; u: uterus; v: vagina. Fig. 25: Internal female internal genitalia, L. basilaris. Base of bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Type A; Minutus species-group. Compare with Figs. 6b and 6c in Han et al. 2012. Fig. 26: Internal female internal genitalia, L. aeger. Bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized. Type B; Parvulus species-group. Compare with Fig. 6d in Han et al. 2012. Fig. 27: Internal female internal genitalia, L. quercinus. Type C; Parvulus species-group. Fig. 28: Internal female internal genitalia, L. parvulus. Type C/ F; Parvulus species-group. Bursa copulatrix weakly, but noticeably, sclerotized at base (noted by lines) Inset: Scleotization of bursa copulatrix; view from colleterial gland side, left; lateral view, right. Fig. 29: Internal female internal genitalia, L. consimilis. Type E; Consimilis species-group. Compare with Figs. 3b and 3c in Han et al. 2012. Fig. 30: Internal female internal genitalia, L. brevis. Type D; Parvulus species-group
PLATE 4. Limonius, part. Fig. 12 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 4. Limonius, part. Fig. 12: Procoxal cavity narrowly open. L. minutus. Line is 1 mm, and is the same for Fig. 13. Fig. 13: Procoxal cavity narrowly open. L. consimilis. Fig. 14: Oblong scutellum. L. minutus. Line is 1 mm, and is the same for Fig. 15. Fig. 15: Subquadrate scutellum. L. consimilis. Fig. 16: Orientation of mouth parts. L. minutus. Orientation of most species is around 45°.
PLATE 3. Gambrinus, part. Fig. 7 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 3. Gambrinus, part. Fig. 7: Right Antenna. G. stigma. Fig. 8: Left pronotal hind angle, dorsal view. G. stigma. Note the faint carina, arrow. Fig. 9: Lateral microserrations on abdominal ventrites. G. kraatzi, adapted from Fig. 7T, Han et al. 2012. abd= abdomen, gradient area is underside of elytra. Fig. 10: Aedeagus, ventral view, G. griseus species-group. G. griseus. Fig. 11: Aedeagus, ventral view, G. stigma species-group. G. rufihumeralis.
PLATE 10. Tetralimonius, part. Fig. 48 in Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World
PLATE 10. Tetralimonius, part. Fig. 48: Procoxal cavity nearly closed. T. ornatipennis. Fig. 49: Mesocoxal cavity. T. ornatipennis. Fig. 50: Internal female internal genitalia, T. humeralis. Bursa copulatrix is weakly sclerotized. Compare to Fig. 11 in Becker 1956, and illustration of sclerite in Fig. 131 in Laibner 2000. Inset: one sclerite of uterus. Fig. 51: Aedeagus, ventral view, T. ornatipennis. Fig. 52: Aedeagus, ventral view, T. humeralis. Fig. 53: Aedeagus, ventral view, T. maculicollis. Fig. 54: Aedeagus, ventral view, T. definitus. Fig. 55: Aedeagus, ventral view, T. nimbatus.
Fig. 1 in Examination of Limonius pilosus (Leske, 1785) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae: Dendrometrini) Internal Female Genitalia and Test of the Synonymy of Cidnopus Thomson, 1859 with Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829
Fig. 1. Limonius pilosus female, Ponchon, France: A) Dorsal habitus, B) Female internal genitalia. C) L. minutus, female internal genitalia. Abbreviations: ag = accessory gland; bc = bursa copulatrix; cg = colleterial gland; te = tubular extension. Images not to scale.
Figs. 1–2. Limonius species, dorsal habitus. 1 in A New Species of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) from Montana, with a Correction of the Application of Limonius consimilis Walker, 1866
Figs. 1–2. Limonius species, dorsal habitus. 1) L. seibertae, holotype. White arrow points to carina of pronotal hind angle. Inset: Sinuate frontal carina, dorsal view; 2) L. consimilis, Chelan Co., Washington. Inset: Broadly rounded frontal carina, dorsal view. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Figs. 3–6 in A New Species of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) from Montana, with a Correction of the Application of Limonius consimilis Walker, 1866
Figs. 3–6. Aedeagi of western species in the Limonius consimilis species-group, ventral view. 3) L. pappi, redrawn from fig. 1 in Becker (1976); 4) L. jonesi, redrawn from fig. 2 in Becker (1976); 5) L. seibertae, holotype; 6) L. consimilis, Flathead Co., Montana. Scale bar = 0.5 mm, all at same scale.
Mixed sex pheromone lures for combined captures of Agriotes and Limonius pest click beetles in North America
<p>Sex pheromone lures are effective tools for monitoring and potentially controlling populations of pest click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae). To date, these lures are genus-specific (e.g., <em>Limonius </em>spp.) or species-specific (e.g., <em>Agriotes lineatus </em>Linnaeus). However, if sympatric heterogeners were not to be repelled by each other’s pheromones, trap lures effective for multiple elaterid genera could be developed, improving cost efficiency in elaterid pest management programs. In both western and eastern North America, several species of <em>Agriotes </em>spp<em>.</em> and <em>Limonius </em>spp. co-occur and inflict similar crop damage. We investigated whether the sex pheromones of these species can be combined in a mixed lure without reducing its attractiveness to all target species. In western Canada, we show that the pheromones of <em>A. lineatus </em>(geranyl butanoate & geranyl octanoate) and <em>Limonius </em>spp. [(<em>E</em>)-4-ethyloct-4-enoic acid (limoniic acid)] can be combined without significantly reducing captures of male <em>A. lineatus</em>, <em>L. canus</em> (LeConte), <em>L. californicus </em>(Mannerheim) and <em>L. infuscatus</em> (Motschulsky) relative to traps baited with species-specific lures for <em>A. lineatus </em>and <em>Limonius </em>spp.. Similarly, the pheromone of <em>A. obscurus </em>(Linnaeus) (geranyl hexanoate & geranyl octanoate) and limoniic acid can be combined without significantly reducing trap captures of male <em>L. canus, L. infuscatus </em>and<em> L. californicus </em>but reduced <em>A. obscurus </em>captures relative to traps baited only with the <em>A. obscurus </em>pheromone. In eastern Canada, combining pheromones for <em>Agriotes mancus </em>(Say) (geranyl butanoate & geranyl hexanoate) and limoniic acid reduced captures of <em>A. mancus </em>but not<em> A. pubescens </em>(Melsheimer) and <em>A. sputator </em>(Linnaeus). These data imply that pheromones of select elaterid heterogeners can be combined in a ‘catch-more’ pheromone lure to effectively monitor for, or possibly control, multiple elaterid pests, but that such mixed lures should be evaluated for each species combination.</p>
FIGURE 8. Limonius eximius Lewis, 1894. A, B, D–I in First record and two new species of the genus Limonius Eschscholtz (Coleoptera Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan
FIGURE 8. Limonius eximius Lewis, 1894. A, B, D–I: male; C: female. A: habitus, dorsal view; B, C: head and prothorax, dorsal view; D: head, dorsal view (arrow: lateral carina of prothorax strongly prominent behind anterior angle); E: basal antennomeres of right antenna; F: head and anterior half of prothorax, lateral view; G: prosternal spine and mesosternum, lateral view (arrow: scutellum strongly convex above); H: prosternal spine, ventral view; I: scutellum.
FIGURE 9. Limonius ignicollis Lewis, 1894. A, C–H in First record and two new species of the genus Limonius Eschscholtz (Coleoptera Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan
FIGURE 9. Limonius ignicollis Lewis, 1894. A, C–H: male; B: female. A: habitus, dorsal view; B: head and prothorax, dorsal view; C: head, dorsal view; D: basal antennomeres of right antenna; E: head and anterior half of prothorax, lateral view; F: prosternal spine and mesosternum, lateral view (arrow: scutellum strongly convex above); G: prosternal spine, ventral view (arrows: sides at ventral view anteriorly strongly prominent); H: scutellum (arrow: apex shallowly emarginate).
FIGURE 4 in First record and two new species of the genus Limonius Eschscholtz (Coleoptera Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan
FIGURE 4. Limonius sapphirus Arimoto & Suzuki sp. n., female, paratype. A: tergite VIII and sternite VIII, dorsal view (arrows: spiculum ventrale curved twice apically); B: tergite VIII; C: sternite VIII; D: genitalia, dorsal view (white arrow: uterus with dome-shaped sac at each side; black arrow: uterus with two dome-shaped bulges at right side; white triangles: bursa copulatrix with two short thin sacs; double white triangles: long thin sac extending from apex of bursa copulatrix); E: genitalia, lateral side (white triangles: uterus with dome-shaped bulges at dorsal and ventral sides; black triangles: uterus with two dome-shaped bulges at right side); F; apical part of ovipositor, ventral side (arrow: coxites two segmented).
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