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69 results for “Liriomyza”
Fig. 1 in First record of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) disseminating Alternaria solani (Pleosporaceae) in potato crops in Brazil
Fig. 1. (a) Presence of Liriomyza huidobrensis mines on a Solanum tuberosum leaf infected with Alternaria solani; (b) diagram showing representative distribution of mines and fungal lesions.
Liriomyza bioassay methodology database
<p>ABSTRACT – <em>Liriomyza sativae</em> infestations cause economic losses of up to 30% in horticulture like melons and tomatoes, usually controlled with insecticides. Despite the high risk of evolution of resistance, rare are the works seeking to establish a standardization in the bioassay methodology that detects <em>L. sativae</em> resistance to insecticides. In this way, this work improved existing bioassay methodologies for larvae of <em>L. sativae</em>, seeking to standardize and make it possible to obtain more consistent data on susceptibility. Two populations of <em>L. sativae</em> were evaluated with insecticides by immersing leaf discs (2 cm in diameter) of melon and pork beans. Treated leaf discs containing a larva were transferred to trays (<em>Bioassay tray</em>) and acrylic plates. Bioassays were evaluated after 48 and 72 hours of exposure. The susceptibility parameters varied with exposure, type of arena and host, as well as the mode of action of the insecticides. Bioassays in the <em>Bioassay tray</em> provided greater homogeneity of response compared to acrylic plates. The response concentration curves were more accurate and homogeneous with melon leaves compared to pig bean leaves, presenting LC values well below these latter. Although the two methodologies can be used for toxicological bioassays, however, the use of <em>Bioassay tray</em> showed less economic cost and greater agility in the elaboration. Therefore, the enhancement toxicological bioassay methodology is suggested for <em>Liriomyza</em> species that provides more reproducible and less heterogeneous results, enabling research on susceptibility and monitoring of resistance to insecticides.</p> <p> </p>
Susceptibility of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to cyantraniliprole and spinetoram
<p>The <em>Liriomyza sativae</em> (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is one pests of melon (<em>Cucumis melo</em> L.). The insecticides most recently registered for its control are cyantraniliprole and spinetoram. This work aims to research the current state of the susceptibility of <em>L. sativae </em>to these insecticides. Pest populations were collected in Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco, and in the laboratory they were multiplied and submitted to toxicological bioassays, with assessments 48 and 72 hours after exposure. Based on LC<sub>50</sub> values and after 48 hours, significant RR<sub>S</sub> were found in all populations surveyed for the two insecticides.But after 72 h, only MSR 2 and RN4 continued to show significant RR values in both insecticides, with cyantraniliprole MSR 2 = 2.97 and RN4 = 4.01 times; and for the spinetoram MSR 2 = 7.88 and RN4 = 5.38 times. Soon, the pest populations showed homogeneity to the insecticides registered, being more sensitive to cyantraniliprole. Measures need to be taken to reduce the evolution of the resistance of this pest, ensuring the efficiency of these products in the field.</p>
Suppression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in the leaf-mining fly Liriomyza sativae with a nuclear Wolbachia insert
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FIGURES 38–43. Liriomyza biformata. 38–41, L in Neotropical Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the Mission Géodésique de l'Équateur: Becker (1920) revisited
FIGURES 38–43. Liriomyza biformata. 38–41, L. braziliensis (holotype) (38) phallus, lateral, (39) phallus, ventral, (40) epandrium showing surstylus, (41) ejaculatory apodeme. 42–43, L. biformata, Ecudaor (42) phallus, lateral (43) phallus, ventral. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 7–13 in Description of a nomen nudum species of Liriomyza Mik and the first record of Liriomyza blechi Spencer from Brazil (Insecta: Diptera: Agromyzidae)
FIGURES 7–13. Liriomyza valladaresae sp. nov. 7. Entire puparium, lateral view. Scale bar = 300 µm; 8. Anterior spiracle of puparium, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 µm; 9. Rows of intersegmental spines of puparium, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 µm; 10. Posterior spiracle of puparium, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 µm; 11. Leaf of Amaranthus viridis with mine, upper surface. Scale bar = 2 mm; 12. Leaf of Alternanthera tenella with mine, upper surface. Scale bar = 2 mm; 13. Leaf of Alternanthera tenella with mine, upper surface. Scale bar = 2 mm.
FIGURES 14–19. Liriomyza blechi Spencer. 14 in Description of a nomen nudum species of Liriomyza Mik and the first record of Liriomyza blechi Spencer from Brazil (Insecta: Diptera: Agromyzidae)
FIGURES 14–19. Liriomyza blechi Spencer. 14. Head and thorax, dorsal view. Scale bar = 500 µm; 15. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bar = 500 µm; 16. Male genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 17; Male genitalia, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm; 18. Leaf mine in mature leaf of Blechum pyramidatum, upper surface. Scale bar = 2 mm; 19. Leaf mine in mature leaf of Spigelia anthelmia, upper surface. Scale bar = 3 mm. Abbreviations: ce = cercus, ep = epandrium, st = surstylus.
FIGURES 1–6 in Description of a nomen nudum species of Liriomyza Mik and the first record of Liriomyza blechi Spencer from Brazil (Insecta: Diptera: Agromyzidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Liriomyza valladaresae sp. nov., male adult and genitalia. 1. Habitus, lateral view; 2. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 3. Wing; 4. Phallus, lateral view; 5. Genitalia, ventral view; 6. Genitalia, lateral view. Scale = 500 µm in figs 1–3, = 20 µm in figs 4–6. Abbreviations: ce = cercus, ea = ejaculatory apodeme, ep = epandrium, hy = hypandrium, ph = phallus, phd = phallapodeme, st = surstylus.
FIGURES 17–25 in A new species of Liriomyza Mik (Diptera, Agromyzidae) on okra in Brazil
FIGURES 17–25. Liriomyza australis (Spencer), holotype male, deposited at California Academy of Sciences: (17) lateral view; (18) epandrium, ventral view; (19) phallus, lateral view; (20) ejaculatory apodeme; (21) holotype labels. Liriomyza flaviantennata (Spencer), holotype male deposited at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo: (22) lateral view; (23) terminalia, ventral view; (24) ejaculatory apodeme; (25) holotype labels.
FIGURES 13–16 in A new species of Liriomyza Mik (Diptera, Agromyzidae) on okra in Brazil
FIGURES 13–16. Liriomyza okrae sp. nov., puparium (13) anterior spiracle; (14) anterior spiracle details; (15) Intersegmental membrane; (16) posterior spiracle. Scale bars = 50 µm except Fig. 14 = 5 µm.
FIGURES 8–12 in A new species of Liriomyza Mik (Diptera, Agromyzidae) on okra in Brazil
FIGURES 8–12. (8) host-plant—linear mine on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (Malvaceae); Liriomyza okrae sp. nov., larvae: (9) cephalopharyngeal skeleton, lateral view; (10) two teeth of mandible; (11) anterior spiracle; (12) posterior spiracle.
FIGURES 3–7 in A new species of Liriomyza Mik (Diptera, Agromyzidae) on okra in Brazil
FIGURES 3–7. Liriomyza okrae sp. nov.: (3) Epandrium, ventral view; (4) epandrium lateral view; (5) male genitalia, ventral view (6) phallus, lateral view; (7) ejaculatory apodeme;
PLATE 8. Figures 30–31. Liriomyza solanivora Spencer 30 in Agromyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) in the state of Pará: new species and new records in Brazil
PLATE 8. Figures 30–31. Liriomyza solanivora Spencer 30. Phallapodeme and aedeagus, ventral view. 31. Phallapodeme and aedeagus, lateral view. Figures 32–33. Pseudonapomyza asiatica Spencer. 32. Phallapodeme and aedeagus, ventral view. 33. Phallapodeme and aedeagus, lateral view. Scale = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 245–251. Figs 245–248 in The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850
FIGURES 245–251. Figs 245–248: Liriomyza venturensis Spencer, male holotype genitalia; 245: ejaculatory apodeme; 246: external components, ventral; 247: phallus, right lateral; 248: holotype phallus, left lateral and ventral, from original illustrations in Spencer (1981). Figs 249–251: L. venegasiae Spencer, male holotype genitalia; 249: external components, ventral; 250: phallus, ventral; 251: phallus, left lateral and ventral, from original illustrations in Spencer (1981).
FIGURES 232–239. Figs 232–235 in The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850
FIGURES 232–239. Figs 232–235: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), male genitalia; 232: external components, ventral; 233: ejaculatory apodeme; 234: phallus, left lateral; 235: phallus, ventral. Figs 236–239: L. trifoliearum Spencer, male genitalia; 236: external components, ventral; 237: ejaculatory apodeme; 238: hypandrial complex, left lateral; 239: phallus, ventral.
FIGURES 225–231. Figs 225–228 in The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850
FIGURES 225–231. Figs 225–228: Liriomyza togata (Melander), male genitalia; 225: external components, ventral; 226: phallus, ventral; 227: phallus, left lateral; 228: ejaculatory apodeme. Figs 229–231: L. tubula Spencer, male holotype genitalia; 229: ejaculatory apodeme; 230: external components, ventrolateral; 231: phallus, ventrolateral.
FIGURES 204–207 in The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850
FIGURES 204–207. Liriomyza salpingion spec. nov., male genitalia; 204: phallus, left lateral; 205: phallus, ventral; 206: external components, ventral; 207: ejaculatory apodeme.
FIGURES 189–193 in The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850
FIGURES 189–193. Liriomyza ptarmicae Meijere, male genitalia; 189: external components, ventral; 190: external components, left lateral; 191: ejaculatory apodeme; 192: phallus, left lateral; 193: phallus, ventral.
FIGURES 181–188. Figs 181–183 in The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850
FIGURES 181–188. Figs 181–183: Liriomyza phyllodes spec. nov., male holotype genitalia; 181: external components, ventral; 182: phallus, ventral; 183: phallus, left lateral. Figs 184–188: Liriomyza projecta spec. nov., male holotype genitalia; 184: external components, ventral; 185: external components, left lateral; 186: ejaculatory apodeme; 187: phallus, ventral; 188: phallus, left lateral.
FIGURES 165–168 in The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850
FIGURES 165–168. Liriomyza nebulosa spec. nov., male holotype genitalia; 165: ejaculatory apodeme; 166: external components, ventral; 167: phallus, left lateral; 168: phallus, ventral.
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