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FIGURE 2 in Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)

FIGURE 2. (A) Sampling locations in Taiwan. (B) Burrow openings of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, from various substrates. (C) Balanodytes taiwanus, female, general view. (D) Balanodytes taiwanus, mouth cirrus. Abbreviations: cc—comb collar, tc—terminal cirri, ob—opercular bar, obp—posterior process of opercular bar, ok—orificial knob. Scale bars (except on 'B') in µm.

FIGURE 5. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 in Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)

FIGURE 5. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, mouth parts of female. (A) Maxillae. (B) Mandible. (C) Maxillule. (D) Mandibular palp. (E) Labrum. (F) Enlarged view distal edge of labrum from rectangle area on "E" showing fine teeth. Scale bars in Μm.

FIGURE 7 in Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic neighbor joining (NJ) tree of: (A) 16S and (B) Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) region of lithoglyptid barnacles collected in present study, based on K2P genetic distance. The topologies of NJ and maximum likelihood (ML) trees are identical for 16S, and with inconsistency (dash line as ML tree) for COI. Bootstrap statistical significance was shown on the branches; those less than 50 were not indicated.

FIGURE 1 in Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)

FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in "G") were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca—caudal appendages, tc—terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm.

FIGURE 4. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 in Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)

FIGURE 4. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, terminal cirri and caudal appendages of female. (A) Posterior end of thorax with bases of terminal cirri and caudal appendages. (B) and (C) Caudal appendages, 2-segmented, without pedestal. (D) Terminal cirri and caudal appendages under scanning electron microscope (SEM), rear view. (E) and (F) Caudal appendages under SEM. (G) Rear view of terminal cirri under SEM. Abbreviations: ca—caudal appendages, tc1-4—terminal cirri, th— thorax. Scale bars in Μm.

FIGURE 6 in Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)

FIGURE 6. Auritoglyptes and Trypetesa from Taiwan. (A) Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892). Opercular bars of females from three genetic clades revealed from molecular analysis. (B) Trypetesa habei Utinomi, 1962 showing burrow opening and external view of female. Abbreviations: ob—opercular bar, obp—posterior process of opercular bar, ok—orificial knob, p—palps of mantle sac, sp—setose process of operculum (auricle). Scale bars in Μm.

FIGURE 3. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 in Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)

FIGURE 3. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, external morphology of female. (A) Lateral view of live female. (B) and (C) Posterior processes of opercular bars, opercular bars and orificial knob, showing variation in teeth number along the margin, lateral view. (D) and (E) Orificial knob, showing variation in teeth on surface, lateral view. (F) Opercular area observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), upper lateral view. (G) Posterior process of opercular bars under SEM, showing teeth and setae, upper lateral view. (H) Orificial knob under SEM, showing teeth and sparse setae, upper view. (I) Comb collar under SEM, showing plumose projections. (J) Enlarged view of cuticular projections of comb collar. (K) Rows of massive multifid scales on opercular region. (L) Mantle teeth on surface of orificial knob. Abbreviations: cc—comb collar, ms—massive multifid scales, ob—opercular bar, obp—posterior process of opercular bar, ok—orificial knob. Scale bars in Μm.

FIGURE 9 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 9. Phylogenetic reconstruction cladograms of Lithoglyptes s.l. and the species of the resulting genera, Lithoglyptes s.s., Auritoglyptes and Armatoglyptes (all characters unordered and of equal weight; PAUP, Swofford 1998): A, C, E with Weltneria as outgroup; B, D, F – without outgroup). A & B – Bootstrap 50% majorityrule consensus trees. Percentages at nodes denote frequency of occurrence among 251 trees; C & D – Quartet puzzling trees, number of puzzling steps = 1000. Percentages at nodes denote frequency of occurrence of bipartitions found in one or more trees; E & F – Neighborjoining trees.

FIGURE 6 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 6. Armatoglyptes gen. nov.: A, D – A. habei (Tomlinson, 1963); B, E, G, H, J – A. cornutus (Kolbasov, 2000); C – A. balanodytes (Kolbasov, 2000); F, I, K, L – A. mitis (Tomlinson, 1963). A, B – opercular area, right and left views respectively; C, D – massive multifid scales; E – multifid scales in posterior part of operculum; F – surface of orificial knob; G – cuticle of attachment disk, cavity between exterior and interior cuticular layers arrowed; H – cuticular flexible extensions of attachment disk; I – cuticle of attachment disk, two growth lines arrowed; J – left caudal appendage and pedestal of last cirrus; K – dwarf male, cuticle of middle of body; L – apertural slit. (A, D, F, I – from Kolbasov & Høeg, 2000; E, G, H – from Kolbasov, 2000d; C – from Kolbasov, 2000c; L – from Kolbasov, 2000e). Abbreviations: as – apertural slit; bs – basal segment; ob – opercular bar; obp – opercular bar, posterior projection; ts – terminal segment. Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 5 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 5. Armatoglyptes gen. nov.: A, B, F – A. habei (Tomlinson, 1963); C, G – A. echinoideus (Kolbasov, 2000); D – A. scamborachis (Tomlinson, 1969); E, I, J – A. wilsoni (Tomlinson, 1969); H – A. mitis (Tomlinson, 1969). A – view of left side; B – detail of right opercular area; C – right opercular area; D – view of right side; E –view of left side; F, G – caudal appendages; H – dwarf male; I, J – dwarf males (Wake & Koror, respectively). (A – from Kolbasov, 2000a; C, G – from Kolbasov, 2000f; D, E, I, J – from Tomlinson, 1969; H – from Kolbasov, 2002). Abbreviations: a1 – antennules; ad – attachment disk; as – apertural slit; cc – comb collar; cp – calcareous plate; lb – lateral bar; m – dwarf male; mp – mouth parts; ob – opercular bars; obp – opercular bar, posterior projection; ok – orificial knob; oka – orificial knob area. Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 4. Auritoglyptes gen. nov.: A. bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892). A, B – posterior and anterior portions of operculum respectively; C – surface of an auricle; D – opercular papilla; E – massive multifid scales; F – surface of orificial knob area; G – cuticle of attachment disk; H – flexible cuticular extensions of attachment disk (G) enlarged; I – dwarf male, apertural slit; J – dwarf male, base of stalk; K – dwarf male, rows of fringes or denticles on the middle part of body (all photos from Kolbasov, 2000e). Abbreviations: as – apertural slit; cc – comb collar; ms – massive multifid scales; obp – opercular bar, posterior projection; op – opercular papillae; sp – auricle; spp –papillae of an auricle; st – stalk. Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 7 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 7. Armatoglyptes thomasi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype): A female with attached dwarf male, viewed from right side; B, C, right and left opercular bars respectively; D mandible; E inferior angle of mandible; F mandibular palp; G maxillule; H maxilla; I mouth cirrus; J caudal appendage. Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 8 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 8. Armatoglyptes thomasi gen. et sp. nov., A, B (paratype): C, D dwarf males. A mandible; B maxillule; C, D dwarf males, general view. Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 3. Auritoglyptes gen. nov.: A. bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892). A – viewed from right side; B – mandible; C – mandibular palp; D – maxillule; E – caudal appendage; F – dwarf male. (A, E, F – from Kolbasov, 2000e). Abbreviations: ad – attachment disk; as – apertural slit; cc – comb collar; lp – lateral projection (wing); obp – opercular bar, posterior projection; oka – orificial knob area; sp – long, articulated posterior setose process ("auricle"); st – stalk. Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 2. Lithoglyptes s.s. Aurivillius, 1892 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 2. Lithoglyptes s.s. Aurivillius, 1892: L. viatrix Grygier & Newman, 1985. A – anterior portion of operculum, oblique view; B – lateral surface of operculum; C – opercular papilla; D – attachment disk, lower part; E – cuticle of attachment disk, lower part; F – cuticle of attachment disk, upper part; G – caudal appendages. (D, E, F – from Kolbasov, 2000a). Abbreviations: bs – basal segment; ms – massive multifid scales; ob – opercular bar; oka – orificial knob area; op – opercular papillae; pe – pedestal; ts – terminal segment. Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 1. Lithoglyptes s.s. Aurivillius, 1892 in Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

FIGURE 1. Lithoglyptes s.s. Aurivillius, 1892: A–E – L. viatrix Grygier & Newman, 1985; F, G – L. tectoscrobis Grygier & Newman, 1985; H, I – L. indicus Aurivillius, 1892; J, K – L. ivanovi Kolbasov, 1998. A, C – views of left side; B – left opercular bar of A; D, E – young and mature dwarf males respectively; F – view of left side; G – pedestal of last right cirrus and its caudal appendage; H –view of right side; I – caudal appendage; J – opercular bars viewed from above; K – caudal appendage. (A from Kolbasov, 2000a; C–G – from Grygier & Newman, 1985; H, I – from Tomlinson, 1969; J, K – from Kolbasov, 1998). Abbreviations: ad – attachment disk; bs – basal segment; cp – calcareous plate "rostrum"; crb – cement roofing burrow; lp – lateral projection (wing); ob – opercular bar; pe – pedestal; pl – posterior lobe; rpl – rudimentary (incipient) posterior lobe; rst – rudimentary (incipient) stalk; ts – terminal segment. Scale bars in µm.