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Fig. 3 in Feeding behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its acquisition of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', on huanglongbing-infected Citrus reticulata leaves of several maturity stages

Fig. 3. The major EPG variables of Diaphorina citri adults feeding on citrus leaves of several maturity stages. Mean (+SE) (A) durations of pathway phase (C), xylem phase (G) and phloem phase (E1+E2) (B) durations of phloem salivation (E1), phloem ingestion (E2) and salivation before phloem ingestion (E1 before E2) (C) percentage of salivation in total phloem activities (E1/E1+E2) (D) time from start to first salivation in phloem (Time to first E1) and to the first ingestion from phloem (Time to first E2) and (E) numbers of single E1 (single salivation) and E1 followed by E2 (salivation followed by ingestion). Within the same series, means capped by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan's Multiple Range test (P> 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Ultrastructure and development of the new stylets inside pre-molting first instar nymphs of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 1. Transmission electron micrographs of thin sections in the cuticle and new and old stylets of a pre-molting 1st instar nymph of D. citri. A. Old (oc) and new (nc) layers of the cuticle, with minor (arrow) and major (double arrows) folds in the new cuticle; note the exuvial space (es) between the new and old cuticle, and the epidermal cells (ec) with large nuclei (nu) and nucleoli (ne). B. The old (functional) stylets; note the larger food canal (fc) and a narrower salivary canal (sc) between the 2 interlocked maxillary stylets (mx1, mx2), and a mandibular stylet (md) with 2 dendrites in its central canal (cc); the other mandibular stylet has sprung out (during processing) and is not included in this section. C & D. Two masses of hypodermal cells (hc1, hc2) with large nuclei, and hypodermal cell extensions (hce) that end with developing mandibular (md) and maxillary (mx) stylets on each side. Note that around hc1, 2 sections of each of the (coiled) mandibular and maxillary stylets are shown, but around hc2 only one section of the mandibular stylet can be seen (the rest of the stylet sections are outside the frame of this image). E. Higher magnification of 2 sections in a developing (coiled) mandibular stylet (md1, md2) and a developing (coiled) maxillary stylet (mx1, mx2); fc, part of the food canal; hce, hypodermal cell extension with a large nucleus (nu); sc, part of the salivary canal; inset shows details of the cuticular molding structure (cm).

Fig. 4 in Movement of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) adults between huanglongbing-infected and healthy citrus

Fig. 4. Sketch of Y-tube for determining the taxis of Diaphorina citri adults to green, yellow, and white boards.

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Fig. 1 in The effect of host plant species on the detoxifying enzymes of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 1. Enzymatic activity of (A) general esterase (EST), (B) glutathione S-transferase (GST), and (C) cytochrome monooxygenase P450 from Diaphorina citri reared on Citrus sinensis, Murraya paniculata, and Bergera koenigii. Means with the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P <0.05, Fisher's protected LSD test).

Fig. 3 in Movement of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) adults between huanglongbing-infected and healthy citrus

Fig. 3. Device and set-up for determining the selection by Diaphorina citri adults of detached citrus shoots that were either young and infected, or young and healthy; or of detached shoots either with infected mature-yellow leaves, or with physiologically mature-yellow leaves, or with healthy mature-green leaves, or with infected mature-green leaves.

Fig. 5 in Movement of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) adults between huanglongbing-infected and healthy citrus

Fig. 5. Selection by Diaphorina citri adults of detached shoots of various conditions under continuous illumination. Bars with the same letter without parentheses are not significantly different among various conditions of shoots in the same adult group; bars with the same letter within parentheses are not significantly different among the 3 adult groups (Tukey's HSD test or Friedman test, P <0.05).

Fig. 1 in Movement of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) adults between huanglongbing-infected and healthy citrus

Fig. 1. Sketch of H-shaped device for determining the choices of Diaphorina citri adults for HLB-infected versus healthy citrus plants either in darkness or in normal illumination. The device was made of an opaque plastic, and the cylinders were covered either with 2 black paperboards or with 2 transparent plastic boards.

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Fig. 3 in Effects of cold-acclimation, pathogen infection, and varying temperatures on insecticide susceptibility, feeding, and detoxifying enzyme levels in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 3. Correlations between mean percentage mortality of Diaphorina citri and temperature for field-collected and uninfected D. citri and field-collected and 'Candidatus' Liberibacter asiaticus–infected D. citri, when exposed to chlorpyriphos (A), fenpropathrin (B), imidacloprid (C), thiamethoxam (D), and spinetoram (E).

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Fig. 1 in Effects of cold-acclimation, pathogen infection, and varying temperatures on insecticide susceptibility, feeding, and detoxifying enzyme levels in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 1. Comparison of cytochrome P450 (A), general esterase (B), and glutathione S-transferase (C) activity levels in laboratory susceptible Diaphorina citri adults at 5 temperatures. For glutathione S-transferase, means with the same uppercase letters are not significantly different from one another for imidacloprid-treated D. citri. Means with the same lowercase letters are not significantly different from one another for spinetoram-treated D. citri.

Fig. 1 in Great variability in the infection rate of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in field populations of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Florida

Fig. 1. Percent infection rates of Diaphorina citri with 'Candidatus' Liberibacter asiaticus in groves across central and southern Florida as determined from 48 independent adult psyllids per site.

Fig. 4 in Mexican strains of Hirsutella isolated from Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Morphologic and molecular characterization

Fig. 4. Production of mucilaginous colonies by Hirsutella citriformis Mexican strains under dark conditions. Mucilaginous colony produced by strain INIFAP- Hir-1 (lef) and colonies without mucilage in strain IB-Hir-1 (right), both afer 5 days of culture under dark conditions.

Fig. 1 in Mexican strains of Hirsutella isolated from Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Morphologic and molecular characterization

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree constructed with sequences of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of 19 Hirsutella species enlisted in the NCBI and 7 Mexican strains isolated from D. citri in Mexico. Percentages from bootstrap analysis that support branches in the tree are shown in the respective nodes. Scale represents the number of substitutions/100 nucleotides.

Fig. 5 in Mexican strains of Hirsutella isolated from Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Morphologic and molecular characterization

Fig. 5. Mortality of Diaphorina citri caused by Hirsutella citriformis blastospores. Values followed by the same letter did not differ statistically (Tukey; P = 0.05). Lines in the bars indicate SD.

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Fig 1. A parasitoid wasp and 1 in Predatory behavior of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and their potential negative effects on the parasitoid biological control agent of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig 1. A parasitoid wasp and 1 of 7 species of predaceous long-legged flies collected in this study. The photograph is insufficient for identification. Although predation events could not be duplicated in captivity, the parasitoid wasp ap- pears to be within a size range that the long-legged fly would attack (e.g., Barrentine 2011). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Factors affecting the overwintering abundance of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Florida citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) orchards

Fig. 4. (A) Mean flush abundance (measured with a visual ranking: 0: no flush; 1: isolated flush on less than 10% of branches; 2: flush on 10 to 50% of branches; 3: flush on more than 50% of branches) in 4 citrus groves sampled in 2014. (B) Average number of Diaphorina citri adults per sample as a function of flush ranking of the sample area 1 wk before actual sampling. P-value refers to the output from the generalized linear mixed model with Poisson distribution.

Fig. 5 in Factors affecting the overwintering abundance of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Florida citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) orchards

Fig. 5. Mean number of Diaphorina citri adults as a function of their color morphotype during the interval following the most recent insecticide spray application in 2014. The legend refers to the color morphotypes of the D. citri adults sampled.

Fig. 1 in Factors affecting the overwintering abundance of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Florida citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) orchards

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the citrus groves used to investigate the distribution of Diaphorina citri adults in Florida during winter.

Fig. 3 in Factors affecting the overwintering abundance of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Florida citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) orchards

Fig. 3. Mean number of Diaphorina citri adults collected per vacuum sample as a function of citrus height and cardinal direction of exposure during winter in 2014. Solid arrows indicate application of Danatol®, dashed arrows indicate application of Portal®. Different letters in brackets indicate significant differences (P <0.05) between treatments.

Fig. 2 in Factors affecting the overwintering abundance of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Florida citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) orchards

Fig. 2. Mean number of Diaphorina citri adults collected per vacuum sample as a function of citrus height and cardinal direction of exposure during winter in 2013. Different letters in brackets indicate significant differences (P <0.05) between treatments.