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34 results for “Loasaceae”
Phylogeny and floral character evolution of Mentzelia section Bicuspidaria (Loasaceae)
<p><i>Mentzelia</i> section <i>Bicuspidaria</i> (Loasaceae) is a monophyletic group of desert ephemerals that inhabit the complex, heterogeneous landscapes of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. To investigate species circumscriptions and evolutionary relationships in <i>Bicuspidaria</i>, we employed phylogeny reconstructions based on DNA sequences from the plastid <i>trnL-trnF</i>, <i>trnS-trnfM</i>, <i>ndhF-rpl32</i>, and <i>rpl32-trnL</i> regions and the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS regions. Due to evidence of discordant relationships reconstructed from the plastid and nuclear partitions, we used coalescent-based methods in addition to concatenated data sets to estimate the species tree. Maximum likelihood reconstructions based on the combined plastid and nuclear data and coalescent-based reconstructions inferred congruent, fully-resolved species-level phylogenies of section <i>Bicuspidaria</i>. A monophyletic section <i>Bicuspidaria</i> was composed of two main clades, which corresponded to a clade of species endemic to the United States composed of <i>M. reflexa</i>, <i>M. tricuspis</i>,<i> </i>and <i>M. tridentata</i> that was sister to a clade of species at least partially distributed in Mexico, composed of <i>M. hirsutissima</i> and <i>M. involucrata</i>. Despite the unusual floral morphology of <i>M. reflexa</i>, molecular reconstructions placed <i>M. reflexa</i> sister to <i>M. tridentata</i>. All species of <i>Bicuspidaria</i> were monophyletic, except for <i>M. hirsutissima</i>, which was composed of two distinct lineages and paraphyletic with respect to <i>M. involucrata</i>. The northern clade of <i>M. hirsutissima</i> from California and Baja California was sister to <i>M. involucrata</i>, and both, in turn, were sister to a geographically disjunct southern clade of <i>M. hirsutissima</i> from Baja California Sur and Cedros Island. These phylogeny reconstructions provide evidence for the inclusion of five species in section <i>Bicuspidaria</i> and have uncovered cryptic diversity that has been largely unrecognized. Character state reconstructions based on the phylogeny of section <i>Bicuspidaria</i> suggest innovative and, at times, homoplasious floral evolution.</p>
Phylogeny and floral character evolution of Mentzelia section Bicuspidaria (Loasaceae)
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Data from: Multiple metrics of trichome diversity support independent evolutionary hypotheses in blazingstars (Mentzelia: Loasaceae)
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Resolving phylogenetic relationships of a recently and rapidly evolving lineage from western North America (Mentzelia section Bartonia, Loasaceae)
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Fig. 2 in Diversification of Caiophora (Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae) during the uplift of the Central Andes
Fig. 2 Phylogenetic relationships, geographic distribution and pollination modes of Caiophora (Loasaceae, subfam. Loasoideae) and allied genera (Loasa and Blumenbachia). Geographic distribution corresponds to the information in Supplementary file 2: Table S2. The topology of the phylogeny is the maximum posterior credibility tree of a Bayesian analysis performed with ITS1, ITS2 and trnSGCU-trnGUUC
Fig. 1 in Diversification of Caiophora (Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae) during the uplift of the Central Andes
Fig. 1 Flower diversity in Caiophora (Loasaceae, subfam. Loasoideae) and in allied lineages. a Loasa acerifolia Dombey ex Juss., b L. bergii Hieron., c Caiophora arechavaletae (Urb.) Urb. & Gilg, d C. cernua (Griseb.) Urb. & Gilg ex Kurtz, e C. stenocarpa Urb. & Gilg., f C. cirsiifolia C. Presl (Arequipa form), g C. carduifolia C. Presl (Cuzco form), h C. carduifolia C. Presl (Apurimac form), i C. cirsiifolia C. Presl
FIGURE 3. Nasa ojedae. A in Nasa ojedae (Loasaceae): A new species from the montane forests of Reserva El Corazón, western Andes of Ecuador
FIGURE 3. Nasa ojedae. A. Whitish indument; B. Arachnoid trichomes; C–D. Stinging setae, close up of glandular base at upper right corner; E. Leaf blade beneath; F. Glochidiate trichomes (A–F, based on X. Cornejo & J. Josse 10058, the type). Photos by Xavier Cornejo.
FIGURE 2. Nasa ojedae. A in Nasa ojedae (Loasaceae): A new species from the montane forests of Reserva El Corazón, western Andes of Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Nasa ojedae. A. Flower at anthesis, lateral-adaxial view; B. Flower at anthesis, lateral view, inner floral nectary at lower right corner; C. Two detached petals and epipetalous fascicles of stamens attached to base, inner view; D. Fruit nearly to maturity with persistent sepals, lateral view; seeds preserved in alcohol at upper left corner and fruit transversal section exhibiting 5 parietal placentae at lower right corner; E. A mature basal leaf blade, adaxial view; F. Habitat, an Andean forested ravine (A–F, based on X. Cornejo, J. Josse 10058, the type). Photos by Xavier Cornejo.
FIGURE 1 in A new, narrowly endemic species of Blumenbachia (Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae) from Brazil
FIGURE 1. Species of Blumenbachia sect. Blumenbachia. A–D, F, I. B. amana. E, J. B. latifolia. G, K. B. insignis. H, L. B. hieronymi. M. B. catarinensis. A. Habit. B–C. Flower in lateral view. B. staminate phase. C. pistillate phase. D. Fruit showing the varying depth of the ridges. E. Smooth capsule as typical for B. sect. Blumenbachia. F–H. Flower in frontal view. I–M. Leaves. Scale bars = 1 cm if not otherwise indicated. (Credits: A–D, F: C. Schlindwein; E, H: M. Ackermann; G, M: T. Henning; I–L: M. Weigend).
FIGURE 5 in An unusual disjunction in Loasaceae: Central American Chichicaste grandis is nested in Brazilian Aosa
FIGURE 5. Known distribution of Chichicaste grandis relative to the most important protected areas (bright green) of Southern Central America and Northwestern Colombia.
FIGURE 3 in An unusual disjunction in Loasaceae: Central American Chichicaste grandis is nested in Brazilian Aosa
FIGURE 3. Ultrastructure of mature leaf surfaces. Chichicaste grandis from Cartago, Costa Rica (Acuña et al. 1223 USJ, BONN): A, Overview of adaxial surface, inset: detail of a short, pustule shaped scabrid trichome; B, Overview of abaxial surface; Nasa panamensis from Chiriquí, Panama (Antonio 2885, MO): C, Overview of adaxial surface, inset: detail of a smooth-shafted glochidiate trichome; D, Overview of abaxial surface; Aosa uleana from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Jossberger 342, BONN): E, Overview of adaxial surface, inset: detail of a long scabrid trichome; F, Overview of abaxial surface. Scale bars: A, C: 500 μm, insets: 30 μm; B, D, F: 100 μm; E: 200 μm, inset: 100 μm. GL: Gloquidiate trichome; SC: Scabrid trichome; ST: Stinging trichome.
FIGURE 2 in An unusual disjunction in Loasaceae: Central American Chichicaste grandis is nested in Brazilian Aosa
FIGURE 2. Morphological features of Chichicaste and Aosa. A–C: Chichicaste grandis from Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica (Acuña et al. 1747, USJ): A, Plant habit (flowers are pendent, some plants develop stems to 4 m long and over 3 m tall); B, Mature flower in early male stage (nectar droplets inside the nectar scales evident to the naked eye in vivo); C, Mature seed. D–F: Aosa uleana from Parque Nacional. do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Jossberger 342, BONN): D, Plant habit; E, Mature flower in middle male stage (nectar inside nectar scales not visible to the naked eye); F, Mature seed. G–I: Aosa parviflora: G, Plant habit (Minas Gerais, Brazil, not vouchered; photo C. Schlindwein); H, Mature flower in middle male stage (Grant 4650, B; photo H. Hilger); I, Mature seed (plant cultivated in Botanischer Gärten der Universität Bonn, Jossberger 1213, BONN). Scale bar: 200 μm. Photographs by T. Jossberger or R. Acuña, unless otherwise credited.
FIGURE 1 in An unusual disjunction in Loasaceae: Central American Chichicaste grandis is nested in Brazilian Aosa
FIGURE 1.Maximum likelihood trees focusing on Aosa and related taxa. Left: Concatenated plastid marker dataset tree (trnL-trnF, matK, trnS-trnG, rps16). Right: ITS dataset tree. The values for Bootstrap support under Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities are above and below the respective branch (only values above 50 and 0.5, respectively, are shown). The grey rectangle marks the Aosa-Chichicaste clade. The small circles mark the nodes with significant topological conflict between trees. Branch length is irrelevant in this figure.
FIGURE 4 in An unusual disjunction in Loasaceae: Central American Chichicaste grandis is nested in Brazilian Aosa
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Aosa and Chichicaste based on representative herbarium specimens: A.:Aosa, C.: Chichicaste.
FIGURE 2 in A taxonomic revision of the western South American genus Presliophytum (Loasaceae)
FIGURE 2. Microstructure and trichome morphology of Presliophytum. A. Adaxial foliar surface of a mature leaf of Presliophytum arequipense (Ortiz et al. 121, BONN). Presliophytum incanum has virtually identical indumentum. B. Abaxial foliar surface of a mature leaf of Presliophytum arequipense (Ortiz et al. 121, BONN). Presliophytum incanum may have similar indumentum or mostly made up by scabrid trichomes. C. Adaxial foliar surface of a mature leaf of Presliophytum heucheraefolium (Weigend et al. 7691C, BONN). This species and Presliophytum sessiliflorum have abundant and relatively long uniseriate glandular hairs, on leaves and younger stems. Presliophytum malesherbioides has similar but much shorter trichomes in some areas of the stem. D. Abaxial foliar surface of a mature leaf of Presliophytum heucheraefolium (Weigend et al. 7691C, BONN). GL: Glochidiate trichome, GT: Uniseriate glandular trichome, SC: Scabrid trichome, SS: Short smooth trichome. Scale bars A, B: 100 μm; C, D 200 μm.
FIGURE 4 in A taxonomic revision of the western South American genus Presliophytum (Loasaceae)
FIGURE 4. Natural distribution of Presliophytum based on herbarium specimens. P. incanum W = Presliophytum incanum with white or indeterminate color corollas. P. incanum Y = Presliophytum incanum with yellow corollas.
FIGURE 1 in A taxonomic revision of the western South American genus Presliophytum (Loasaceae)
FIGURE 1. Vegetative morphology of Presliophytum. A. Habit and habitat of shrubby Presliophytum incanum (Quinistaquillas, Moquegua, Peru, not vouchered). The three species of Peruvian Presliophytum have similar habits. B. Habit and habitat of subshrubby Presliophytum sessiliflorum (Quebrada La Chimba, Antofagasta, Chile, Luebert et al. 3405, BONN; photo courtesy of F. Luebert). C. Habit and habitat of herbaceous Presliophytum malesherbioides (Juntas del Toro, Coquimbo, Chile, not vouchered; photo courtesy of M. Eyzaguirre). Mature specimens of this species range from unbranched annuals to densely branched subperennial herbs as the one illustrated. D. Mature leaf of Presliophytum arequipense (cultivated, seeds collected near Mollendo, Arequipa, Peru, Ortiz et al. 121, BONN). E. Mature leaf of Presliophytum heucheraefolium, (cultivated, seeds collected near Río Cacchán, Áncash, Peru, Weigend et al. 7691C, BONN). F. Mature leaf of Presliophytum incanum (cultivated, seeds collected near Ullpan, Áncash, Peru, Weigend & Hilger 8912C, BONN). G. Mature leaf of Presliophytum incanum (cultivated, seeds collected near Omate, Moquegua, Peru, Ackermann & Cáceres 674, BONN). Scale bars 15 mm. Photos by R. Acuña and M. Weigend, unless otherwise credited.
FIGURE 2 in A revision of loasoid Caiophora (Caiophora pterosperma-group, Loasoideae, Loasaceae) from Peru
FIGURE 2: A–E: Caiophora pterosperma. A, D. Flower, frontal view. B. Flower, dorsal view. C. Leaf. E. Staminodial complex. F–L: Caiophora dederichiorum. F. Flower, frontal view. G–H. Flower, lateral view. I. Flower, dorsal view. J. Staminodial complex. K. Bud. L. Leaf. (A–C: Weigend & Dostert 97/29; D–E: Weigend et al. 5484; F–H, J–K: Henning & Schulz 19; I: Weigend et al. 7738; L: Weigend & Dostert 97/177. Photos F–H, J–K: T. Henning)
FIGURE 1 in A revision of loasoid Caiophora (Caiophora pterosperma-group, Loasoideae, Loasaceae) from Peru
FIGURE 1: Caiophora pterosperma. A. Shoot with flowers and fruits. B. Leaf. C. Sepalum, D. Petal, frontal view. E. Petal, lateral view. F. Staminode, lateral view. H–J. Nectar scales. G, J. Dorsal view. H, I. Lateral view. (Drawn from: A: Sandeman 4533; B–D, F– H: Weigend et al. 5484; E, I–J: Weigend & Dostert 97/29. Drawings prepared by: A: M. Weigend; B, G–H: M. Ackermann; C–F, I–J: I. Hoyer)
FIGURE 6 in A revision of loasoid Caiophora (Caiophora pterosperma-group, Loasoideae, Loasaceae) from Peru
FIGURE 6: Caiophora stenocarpa. A. Root system with secondary tubers. B. Leaf. C. Flower, frontal view D. Flower, lateral view. E. Flower, dorsal view. F–H: Staminodial complex; petals and stamen removed. F. Frontal view. G. Lateral view. H. Lateral view, two nectar scales removed. I. Fruit. J. T-shaped placentation (A–J: Ackermann 758).
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