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114 results for “Local richness”
Data from: Davison et al. (2023) Vegetation structure from LiDAR explains the local richness of birds across Denmark
<p>Environmental and biodiversity data associated with the article: Davison et al. (2023) <strong>Vegetation structure from LiDAR explains the local richness of birds across Denmark</strong>, <em>Journal of Animal Ecology</em>.</p> <p>Bird richness and abundance at points across Denmark, with matched land cover and LiDAR structural data. Bird observations are a subset of the Common Bird Monitoring programme (DOF – Birdlife Denmark) and pooled from summer counts of 2014, 15, and 16. Bird functional group assignments and environmental data are from open access data sets (see below).</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Data source</td> <td>Reference</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Danish Common Bird Monitoring programme</td> <td>Eskildsen, D. P., Vikstrøm, T., & Jørgensen, M. F. (2021). Overvågning af de almindelige fuglearter i Danmark 1975-2020. Dansk Ornitologisk Forening.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EcoDes-DK15 LiDAR data set of Denmark</td> <td>Assmann, J. J., Moeslund, J. E., Treier, U. A., & Normand, S. (2022). EcoDes-DK15: high-resolution ecological descriptors of vegetation and terrain derived from Denmark’s national airborne laser scanning data set. Earth System Science Data, 14(2), 823–844. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-823-2022</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pan-European land cover map of the year 2015 </td> <td>Pflugmacher, D., Rabe, A., Peters, M., & Hostert, P. (2019). Mapping pan-European land cover using Landsat spectral-temporal metrics and the European LUCAS survey. Remote Sensing of Environment, 221, 583–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.12.001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AVONET bird traits data</td> <td>Tobias, J. A., Sheard, C., Pigot, A. L., Devenish, A. J. M., Yang, J., Neate-Clegg, M. H. C., Alioravainen, N., Weeks, T. L., Barber, R. A., Walkden, P. A., MacGregor, H. E. A., Jones, S. E. I., Vincent, C., Phillips, A. G., Marples, N. M., Montaño-Centellas, F., Leandro-Silva, V., Claramunt, S., Darski, B., … Schleunning, M. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters, 25(3), 581–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Birds of the Palearctic - original source of trait data </td> <td>Cramp, S. (2006). The birds of the western Palearctic interactive. Oxford University Press and BirdGuides.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Life-history characteristics of European birds - trait database</td> <td>Storchová, L., & Hořák, D. (2018). Life-history characteristics of European birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(4), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12709</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils.
Fig. 8 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 8. Macropodids from Chinchilla Sand, Australia, Pliocene. A. Simosthenurus antiquus (Bartholomai, 1963), QM F2975, partial left maxilla of probable Chinchilla provenance. B. Sthenurus andersoni Marcus, 1962, QM F814, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, left juvenile dentary. C. Macropus agilis siva (de Vis, 1895), QM F4733, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, right mandibular fragment. D. Sthenurus notabilis Bartholomai, 1963, QM F3817, Chinchilla Rifle Range, right mandibular ramus. E. Troposodon gurar Flannery and Archer, 1983, QM F4609, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, right dentary of probable Chinchilla provenance. F. Protemnodon devisi Bartholomai, 1973, QM F4710, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, partial left mandibular ramus. G. Macropus dryas de Vis, 1895, QM F3582, partial right maxilla of probable Chinchilla provenance. H. Protemnodon chinchillaensis Bartholomai, 1973, QM F5246, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, partial right mandibular ramus. I. Bohra wilkinsonorum Dawson, 2004, QM F43277, Chinchilla Rifle Range, right maxillary fragment. J. Wallabia indra (de Vis, 1895), QM F3595, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, left mandibular ramus. K. Troposodon minor (Owen, 1877), QM F4389, Condamine River, "50 yards east of Chinchilla Rifle Range", right maxillary fragment. L. Prionotemnus palankarinnicus Stirton, 1955, QM F3589, partial right mandibular ramus of probable Chinchilla provenance. M. Silvaroo bila Dawson, 2004, QM F43276, Chinchilla Rifle Range, left maxillary fragment. N. Silvaroo sp., QM F43281, Chinchilla Rifle Range, right mandibular ramus. O. Macropus woodsi Bartholomai, 1975, QM F5465, Chinchilla Rifle Range, partial left maxilla. P. Macropus pan de Vis, 1895, QM F2925, partial right maxilla of probable Chinchilla provenance. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 6 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 6. Mammal species of uncertain taxonomic identity from unspecified localities near Chinchilla, Australia, Pliocene. A. Koalemus ingens de Vis, 1889, QM F683, partial right fibula. B. Synaptodon aevorum de Vis, 1888, QM F811, right dentary fragment. C. Archizonurus securus de Vis, 1889, QM F682, proximal left scapula. D. Phalanger procuscus (de Vis, 1889), QM F687, right scapula. E. Chronozoon australe de Vis, 1883, QM F610, calvarium. F. Brachalletes palmeri de Vis, 1883, QM F3308, right femur. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 7 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 7. Non-macropodid marsupials from Chinchilla Sand, Australia, Pliocene. A. Dasyurus dunmalli Bartholomai, 1971, QM F6579, Chinchilla Rifle Range, left mandibular ramus. B. Koobor notabilis (de Vis, 1889), QM F691, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, left maxillary fragment. C. Phascolarctidae gen. et sp. indet., QM F52287, Chinchilla Rifle Range, left dentary fragment. D. Phascolarctos?stirtoni Bartholomai, 1968, QM F52289, Chinchilla Rifle Range, isolated RM1, RM2 or RM3 fragment. E. Archerium chinchillaensis Wroe and Mackness, 2000, QM F39847, Chinchilla Rifle Range, left maxillary fragment. F. Thylacoleo crassidentatus Bartholomai, 1962, QM F3565, right mandibular ramus. G. Euryzygoma dunense (de Vis, 1888), QM F376, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, left mandible. H. Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800), QM F743, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, proximal right tibia. I. Palorchestes parvus de Vis, 1895, QM F783, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, left mandibular fragment. J. Euowenia grata (de Vis, 1887), QM F519, north bank of Condamine River, mandible. K. Thylacinus cynocephalus (Harris, 1808), QM F9476, Chinchilla Rifle Range, right mandibular fragment.
Fig. 2 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 2. Part of the Chinchilla gully system in the Chinchilla Rifle Range, showing the dominant sedimentary units present.
Fig. 5 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 5. Birds from unspecified localities near Chinchilla, Australia, Pliocene. A. Aythya australis Eyton, 1838, QM F1124, left tibiotarsus. B. Leipoa gallinacean (de Vis, 1888), QM F1132, partial carpometacarpus. C. Biziura lobata Shaw, 1796, QM F1125, partial left humerus. D. Anas superciliosa Gmelin, 1789, QM F5550, left coracoid. E. Fulica atra Linneaus, 1758, QM F1129, proximal right humerus. F. Gallinula morterii du Bus, 1840, QM F1138, distal right humerus. G. Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet., QM F5543, proximal left femur. H. Necrastur alecer de Vis, 1892, QM F1136, proximal right humerus. I. Microcarbo melanoleucos Vieillot, 1817, QM F1130, right humerus. J. Ciconia nana (de Vis, 1888), QM F1131, distal right tibiotarsus. K. Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790), QM F56203, third trochlea of the tarsometatarsus. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 3 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 3. Lungfish toothplates from unspecified locality near Chinchilla, Australia, Pliocene. A. Metaceratodus palmeri (Krefft, 1874), QM F10537. B. Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft, 1870), QM F56224. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 4 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 4. Reptiles from Chinchilla Sand, Australia, Pliocene. A.?Reptilia, QM F56197, Chinchilla Rifle Range, unidentified fragments (A 1 –A 3), showing the WPC registration numbers of Agamidae sp. indet. cited by Hutchinson and Mackness (2002). B. Varanus sp. QM F56189, "Wilkinson's Quarry" Chinchilla Rifle Range, dorsal vertebra. C. Quinkana sp., QM F10204, Chinchilla Rifle Range, isolated tooth. D. Trionychidae sp. indet. QM F9037, Fairymeadow, carapace fragment. E. Emydura sp., QM F7035, Middle Gully, Chinchilla Rifle Range, anterior half of carapace. F. Pallimnarchus pollens de Vis, 1886, QM F11612, "Sand Scree locality, 4'6" from top of bank of Condamine River", symphyseal portion of dentary. G. Varanus komodoensis Ouwens, 1912, QM F874, unspecified locality near Chinchilla, right maxilla. Scale bars 20 mm.
Fig. 1 in The Chinchilla Local Fauna: An exceptionally rich and well-preserved Pliocene vertebrate assemblage from fluviatile deposits of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Fig. 1. Physiography of the Chinchilla local area, showing the location of Chinchilla relative to the Condamine River System. Redrawn after Reiser 1971).
Linked collectors and determiners for: The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with description of sixteen new species and notes on local species richness.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with description of sixteen new species and notes on local species richness". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/276af928-cd8d-48ae-b5e9-0b673cc0f76f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/276af928-cd8d-48ae-b5e9-0b673cc0f76f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/276af928-cd8d-48ae-b5e9-0b673cc0f76f">https://gbif.org/dataset/276af928-cd8d-48ae-b5e9-0b673cc0f76f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Geographic homogenization but little net change in the local richness of Canadian butterflies
<p>Aim: Recent studies have found that local-scale plots measured through time exhibit marked variation in the change in species richness. However, the overall effect often reveals no net change. Most studies thus far have been agnostic about the identities of the species lost/gained, as well as the processes that may lead to these changes. Generalist traits may be crucial in allowing species to colonize new plots or remain resilient in situ, whereas environmental filtering may remove specialists. We test whether plots are changing in species richness, whether they are becoming more similar (i.e. becoming homogenized) through time, as well as whether several generalist traits can predict gains or losses from local plots. Location: Canada Time period: 1945-2015 Major taxa studied: 265 species of butterflies Methods: We measured i. species richness change and ii. pairwise beta diversity across 96 well-sampled 10x10 km plots across Canada between two time periods: 1945-1975 and 1985-2015. We looked at the effects of wingspan, mobility, diet breadth and range size on the number of grid cells each species gained and lost between time periods. Results: We observed a slight increase in plot-level species richness, and that these communities are becoming homogenized through time. We note that most butterfly species in Canada have large North American ranges, but the widest-ranged species are better able to colonize new plots than narrower-ranged species, but also experience higher frequencies of local extinctions. In sum, the median range size of species within a plot increased through time. Main conclusions: We highlight that, even when local species richness exhibits very little change, other potentially important biodiversity changes, such as geographic homogenization due to the colonization dynamics of already widely distributed species, can occur. Such patterns can reconcile observed global losses of species with the simultaneous lack of change in local diversity.</p>
Data set for "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico."
<p>Data set for original article "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico"<strong> </strong>accepted at Biotropica.</p> <p>We studied changes in coccinellid assemblage composition, diversity, species richness and abundance in domestic gardens along a rural to urban gradient in southeastern Mexico, and identified local and lanscape variables that determine their species richness and abundance. </p>
The undetectability of global biodiversity trends using local species richness
<p>Although species are being lost at alarming rates, previous research has provided conflicting results on the extent and even direction of global biodiversity change at the local scale. Here, we assessed the ability to detect global biodiversity trends using local species richness and how it is affected by the number of monitoring sites, sampling interval (i.e., time between original survey and re-survey of the site), measurement error (error of the measurement of the local species richness), spatial grain of monitoring (a proxy for the taxa mobility), and spatial sampling biases (i.e., site-selection biases). We use PREDICTS model-based estimates as a proxy for the real-world distribution of biodiversity and randomly selected monitoring sites to calculate local species richness trends. We found that while a monitoring network with hundreds of sites could detect global change in species richness within a 30-year period, the number of sites for detecting trends doubled for a decade, increased 10-fold within three years, and yearly trends were undetectable. Measurement errors had a non-linear effect on statistical power, with a 1% error reducing statistical power by a slight margin and a 5% error drastically reducing the power to reliably detect any trend. The ability to detect global change in local species richness was also related to spatial grain, making it harder to detect trends for sites sampled at smaller plot sizes. Spatial sampling biases not only reduced the ability to detect negative global biodiversity trends but sometimes yielded positive trends. We conclude that detecting accurate global biodiversity trends using local richness may simply be unfeasible with current approaches. We suggest that monitoring a representative network of sites implemented at the national level, combined with models accounting for errors and biases, can help improve our understanding of global biodiversity change.</p>
Vector species richness predicts local mortality rates by Chagas disease
<p>Vector species richness may drive the prevalence of vector-borne diseases by influencing pathogen transmission rates. The dilution effect hypothesis predicts that higher biodiversity reduces disease prevalence, but with inconclusive evidence. In contrast, the amplification effect hypothesis suggests that higher vector diversity may result in greater disease transmission by increasing and diversifying the transmission pathways. The relationship between vector diversity and pathogen transmission remains unclear and requires further study. Chagas disease is a vector-borne disease most prevalent in Brazil and transmitted by multiple species of Triatominae insect vectors, yet the drivers of spatial variation in its impact on human populations remain unresolved. We tested whether triatomine species richness, latitude, bioclimatic variables, human host population density, and socioeconomic variables predict Chagas disease mortality rates across over 5000 spatial grid cells covering all of Brazil. Results show that species richness of triatomine vectors is a good predictor of mortality rates caused by Chagas disease, which supports the amplification effect hypothesis. Vector richness and the impact of Chagas disease may also be driven by latitudinal components of climate and human socioeconomic factors. We provide evidence that vector diversity is a strong predictor of disease prevalence and give support to the amplification effect hypothesis.</p>
The undetectability of global biodiversity trends using local species richness
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Data from: Parasitism of urban bumble bees influenced by pollinator taxonomic richness, local garden management, and surrounding impervious cover
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Geographic homogenization but little net change in the local richness of Canadian butterflies
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Data from: Global fern and lycophyte richness explained: how regional and local factors shape plot richness
<p>Aim<br> To disentangle the influence of environmental factors at different spatial grains (regional and local) on fern and lycophyte species richness and ask how regional and plot-level richness are related to each other.<br> Location<br> Global.<br> Time Period<br> Present.<br> Major Taxa studied<br> Ferns and lycophytes.<br> Methods<br> We explored fern and lycophyte species richness at two spatial grains, regional (hexagonal grid cells of 7666 km2) and plot-level (300–500 m2), in relation to environmental data at regional and local grains (the 7666-km2 hexagonal grid cells and 4-km2 square grid cells, respectively). For the regional grain, we obtained species richness data for 1243 spatial units and used them together with climatic, and topographical predictors to model global fern richness. For the plot-level grain, we collated a global dataset of nearly 83,000 vegetation plots with surface area in the range 300–500 m2 in which all fern and lycophyte species had been counted. We used structural equation modelling to identify which regional and local factors have the biggest effect on plot-level fern and lycophyte species richness worldwide. We investigate how plot-level richness is related to modelled regional richness at the plot's location.<br> Results<br> Plot-level fern and lycophyte species richness was best explained by models allowing a link between regional environment and plot-level richness. A link between regional richness and plot-level richness was essential, as models without it were rejected, while models without the regional environment - plot-level richness link were still valid but had a worse goodness-of-fit value. Plot-level richness showed a hump-shaped relationship with regional richness.<br> Main Conclusions<br> Both regional environment and regional fern and lycophyte species richness each are important determinants of plot-level richness, and the inclusion of one does not substitute the inclusion of the other. Plot-level richness increases with regional richness until a saturation point is reached, after which plot-level richness decreases despite increasing regional richness, possibly reflecting species interactions.</p>
Data from: Neighbour species richness and local structural variability modulate aboveground allocation patterns and crown morphology of individual trees
<p>Local neighbourhood interactions are considered a main driver for biodiversity–productivity relationships in forests. Yet, the structural responses of individual trees in species mixtures and their relation to crown complementarity remain poorly understood. Using a large‐scale forest experiment, we studied the impact of local tree species richness and structural variability on above‐ground wood volume allocation patterns and crown morphology. We applied terrestrial laser scanning to capture the three‐dimensional structure of trees and their temporal dynamics. We found that crown complementarity and crown plasticity increased with species richness. Trees growing in species‐rich neighbourhoods showed enhanced aboveground wood volume both in trunks and branches. Over time, neighbourhood diversity induced shifts in wood volume allocation in favour of branches, in particular for morphologically flexible species. Our results demonstrate that diversity‐mediated shifts in allocation pattern and crown morphology are a fundamental mechanism for crown complementarity and may be an important driver of overyielding.</p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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