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6 results for “Lophotrochozoa”
Lineage-Specific Class-A GPCR Dynamics Reflect Diverse Chemosensory Adaptations in Lophotrochozoa
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Data from: Phylogenomics of Lophotrochozoa with consideration of systematic error
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Data from: Repurposed transcriptomic data facilitate discovery of innate immunity Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) genes across Lophotrochozoa
The growing volume of genomic data from across life represents opportunities for deriving valuable biological information from data that were initially collected for another purpose. Here, we use transcriptomes collected for phylogenomic studies to search for toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in poorly sampled lophotrochozoan clades (Annelida, Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, and Entoprocta) and one ecdysozoan clade (Priapulida). TLR genes are involved in innate immunity across animals by recognizing potential microbial infection. They have an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain connected to a transmembrane domain and an intracellular toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Consequently, these genes are important in initiating a signaling pathway to trigger defense. We found at least one TLR ortholog in all but two taxa examined, suggesting that a broad array of lophotrochozoans may have innate immune systems similar to those observed in vertebrates and arthropods. Comparison to the SMART database confirmed the presence of both the LRR and the TIR protein motifs characteristic of TLR genes. Because we looked at only one transcriptome per species, discovery of TLR genes was limited for most taxa. However, several TRL-like genes that vary in the number and placement of LRR domains were found in phoronids. Additionally, several contigs contained LRR domains but lacked TIR domains, suggesting they were not TLRs. Many of these LRR-containing contigs had other domains (e.g., immunoglobin) and are likely involved in innate immunity.
Data from: Repurposed transcriptomic data facilitate discovery of innate immunity Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) genes across Lophotrochozoa
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Fig. 2 in On 20 years of Lophotrochozoa
Fig. 2 Representatives of the hard-to-place taxa Entoprocta, Orthonectida, and Dicyemida. a Zooid of Barentsia sp. (Entoprocta) from Heron Island, Australia. b Trochophore-like larva of Barentsia sp. from Heron Island. c Orthonectida sp. from Ophionotus victoriae collected near Hugo Island, Antarctica. Specimen is roughly 1 mm in length. d Dicyemennea sp.? (Dicyemida) from Megaleledone setebos collected near Dundee Island, Antarctica. Specimen is approximately 4 mm in length. c and d were photographed by Leonid Moroz
Fig. 1 in On 20 years of Lophotrochozoa
Fig. 1 Hypothesized relationships among lophotrochozoan phyla in light of recent phylogenomic studies (Dunn et al. 2008; Nesnidal et al. 2013; Kocot 2013a, b; Struck et al. 2014; Laumer et al. 2015). Tree is drawn to reflect consensus among studies with select competing hypotheses regarding the phylogeny of Lophotrochozoa shown with vertical bars along polytomies. Taxa with particularly contentious placement indicated with dotted lines
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OpenNeuro
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