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Supplementary material 1 from: Fartyal RS, Sati PC, Pradhan S, Kandpal MC, Toda MJ, Chatterjee RN, Singh BK, Bhardwai A (2017) A review of the genus Lordiphosa Basden in India, with descriptions of four new species from the Himalayan region (Diptera, Drosophilidae). ZooKeys 688: 49-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.12590

Figure S1 : Explanation note: Lordiphosa antillaria (Okada, 1984) (♂♀ from the type locality: Chitou, Taiwan).

FIGURE 15 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 15. Lordiphosa spatulata sp. nov. (A−L: holotype #06034). A, B, sex-combs on left foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, apical shape of paramere and gonopods (lateral view).

FIGURE 9 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 9. Lordiphosa anthophilia sp. nov. (A, B: paratype #05609; C−M: holotype #05610; N−P: paratype #05606). A, sex-combs on right foreleg (ventrolateral view); B, clusters of sex-comb teeth on distal extensions of 1st and 2nd tarsomeres (ventral view); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, M, apical portion of paramere(s), gonopods, and aedeagus (caudal and lateral view, respectively); N, O, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); P, spermatheca.

FIGURE 8 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 8. Lordiphosa kimurai sp. nov. (A, B: paratype #06064; C−M: holotype #06065; N−P: paratype #06066). A, sexcombs on right foreleg (ventrolateral view); B, clusters of sex-comb teeth on distal extensions of 1st and 2nd tarsomeres (ventral view); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); J̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, M, apical shape of paramere(s) and sensilla (ventral and ventrolateral view, respectively); N, O, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); P, spermatheca.

FIGURE 6 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 6. Lordiphosa tripartita (Okada, 1966) (A−L: #06049). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, apical shape of paramere and gonopods (lateral view).

FIGURE 11 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 11. Lordiphosa tibetica sp. nov. (A, B: paratype #06024; C−L: holotype #06043; M−O: paratype #06038). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, apical shape of paramere (lateral view); M, N, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); O, spermatheca.

FIGURE 3 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 3. Lordiphosa denticeps (Okada & Sasakawa, 1956) (A−L: #06025). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, apical shape of paramere (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus, aed a = aedeagal apodeme, cerc = cercus, epand = epandrium, gon = gonopods, hypd = hypandrium, pm = paramere, sur = surstylus. Scale: solid line = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1. A in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 1. A flower of Impatiens sp. (Balsaminaceae) being visited by unknown drosophilid flies. Adults of Lordiphosa anthophilia sp. nov. were collected from flowers of the same species.

FIGURE 2 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 2. Bayesian tree of 12 species of the Lordiphosa denticeps species group based on COI gene sequences. Label of each operational taxonomic unit (OTU) is given in the format of "specimen voucher number (gender) collection locality in China"; bold voucher numbers indicate holotype specimens. Numbers beside nodes indicate posterior probabilities. Open and solid bars beside tree indicate the MOTUs sorted by the ABGD and GMYC analyses respectively.

FIGURE 12 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 12. Lordiphosa medogensis sp. nov. (A−M: holotype #06006; N−P: paratype #06007). A, B, 1st and 2nd tarsomeres of right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral portion of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, distal shape of parameres (caudodorsal view); M, sensilla on parameres (ventral view); N, O, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); P, spermatheca.

FIGURE 10 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 10. Lordiphosa yangi sp. nov. (A, B: paratype #06048: C−L: holotype #06005; M−O: paratype #06035). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, apical shape of paramere (lateral view); M, N, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); O, spermatheca.

FIGURE 5. Lordiphosa ramula Zhang, 1993 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 5. Lordiphosa ramula Zhang, 1993 (A, B: #06011; C−L: #06040; M: #06009; N−P: #06046). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, M, apical shape of paramere (ventrolateral view); N, O, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); P, spermatheca.

FIGURE 13 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 13. Lordiphosa hamatispina sp. nov. (A−M: holotype #06027). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, ventroapical spine of cercus (lateral view); G, surstylus and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); H, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); I, 10th sternite (ventral view); J̅L, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); M, apical shape of paramere (lateral view).

FIGURE 14 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 14. Lordiphosa secula sp. nov. (A, B: paratype #06045; C−L: paratype #06047). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, apical shape of paramere (lateral view).

FIGURE 7 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 7. Lordiphosa mikioides sp. nov. (A−L: holotype #06060; N−O: paratype #06061). A, sex-combs on left foreleg (ventrolateral view); B, clusters of sex-comb teeth on distal extensions of 1st and 2nd tarsomeres (ventral view); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstylus and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H̅J, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); K, L, apical shape of paramere(s) and sensillum (ventral and ventrolateral view, respectively; red arrow indicates sensillum); M, N, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); O, spermatheca.

FIGURE 4 in The Lordiphosa denticeps species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in China, with redescriptions of four known species and descriptions of nine new species

FIGURE 4. Lordiphosa neokurokawai (Singh & Gupta, 1981) (A−L: #06010; M−O: #06022). A, B, sex-combs on right foreleg (lateral and ventrolateral view, respectively); C, D, periphallic organs (caudal and caudolateral view, respectively); E, epandrial ventral lobe (lateral view); F, surstyli and ventral spines of cercus (caudal view); G, inner surface of surstylus (caudolateral view); H, 10th sternite (ventral view); I̅K, phallic organs (ventral, ventrolateral, and lateral view, respectively); L, parameres and gonopods (lateral view); M, N, oviscapt (ventral and lateral view, respectively); O, spermatheca.

Figure 6 from: Fartyal RS, Sati PC, Pradhan S, Kandpal MC, Toda MJ, Chatterjee RN, Singh BK, Bhardwai A (2017) A review of the genus Lordiphosa Basden in India, with descriptions of four new species from the Himalayan region (Diptera, Drosophilidae). ZooKeys 688: 49-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.12590

Figure 6 - Lordiphosa makaibarensis Pradhan & Chatterjee, sp. n. (♂ paratype from Kurseong, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India): A, B periphallic organs (A caudolateral view B caudoventral view) C, D phallic organs (C ventral view D lateral view) E, F oviscapt (E lateral view F ventral view). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Figure 5 from: Fartyal RS, Sati PC, Pradhan S, Kandpal MC, Toda MJ, Chatterjee RN, Singh BK, Bhardwai A (2017) A review of the genus Lordiphosa Basden in India, with descriptions of four new species from the Himalayan region (Diptera, Drosophilidae). ZooKeys 688: 49-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.12590

Figure 5 - Flowers visited by Lordiphosa flies: A Hedychium spicatum (Zingiberaceae) visited by L. ayarpathaensis sp. n. B, C Datura suaveolens (Solanaceae) visited by L. makaibarensis sp. n.

Figure 2 from: Fartyal RS, Sati PC, Pradhan S, Kandpal MC, Toda MJ, Chatterjee RN, Singh BK, Bhardwai A (2017) A review of the genus Lordiphosa Basden in India, with descriptions of four new species from the Himalayan region (Diptera, Drosophilidae). ZooKeys 688: 49-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.12590

Figure 2 - Lordiphosa curva Fartyal & Toda, sp. n. (♂♀ paratypes from Chopta Forest, Uttarakhand, India): A occiput: dorsolateral arms (dl a) and dorsomedial arm (dm a) of tentorial apodeme and supracervical setae (spc s) B, C proboscis: prementum (premnt) (B lateral view C posterior view) D foreleg tarsus E, F periphallic organs (E caudolateral view F caudal view) G, H phallic organs (G ventral view H lateral view) I ♀ terminalia J spermathecae. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Figure 1 from: Fartyal RS, Sati PC, Pradhan S, Kandpal MC, Toda MJ, Chatterjee RN, Singh BK, Bhardwai A (2017) A review of the genus Lordiphosa Basden in India, with descriptions of four new species from the Himalayan region (Diptera, Drosophilidae). ZooKeys 688: 49-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.12590

Figure 1 - Lordiphosa neokurokawai (Singh & Gupta, 1981) (♂♀ from Kunming, Yunnan, China): A cibarium: anterior sensilla (a s), medial sensilla (m s), posterior sensilla (p s) and sensilla campaniformia (s c) (dorsal view) B foreleg tarsus C periphallic organs: epandrium (epand), cercus (cerc) and surstylus (sur) (caudal view) D, E phallic organs: aedeagus (aed), aedeagal apodeme (aed a), gonopods (gon), hypandrium (hypd) and paramere (pm) (D ventral view E lateral view) F ♀ terminalia: tergite VIII (8T), epiproct (epiprct), hypoproct (hyprct) and oviscapt (ov) G spermatheca. Arrowheads indicate the diagnostic characters. Scale bars 0.1 mm.