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7 results for “Lowiaceae”
Data From: Inflorescence and flower development in Orchidantha chinensis T. L. Wu (Lowiaceae; Zingiberales): similarities to inflorescence structure in the Strelitziaceae
<p>The monotypic Lowiaceae remains the least known family in the plant order Zingiberales, yet it holds an important key to unraveling the phylogenetic placement of the families Musaceae, Heliconiaceae, Strelitziaceae, and Lowiaceae. After nine phylogenetic studies the (Lowiaceae, Strelitziaceae) clade is the only stable clade that has emerged in this half of the order. This study was undertaken to verify the unusual inflorescence and flower structure in Orchidantha, and to search for new characters that might be used in future phylogenetic analyses. We describe both inflorescence and flower development in a previously unstudied species, confirm inflorescence morphology in the genus, and compare the structure of the inflorescence in the Lowiaceae with that of the Strelitziaceae, its potential sister group. </p> <p>The inflorescence of Orchidantha is born at the end of a vegetative shoot and is composed of two lateral branches that each bear four bracts and a single flower, before aborting. The fourth bract and its associated flower form the highly reduced flower cluster (florescence) that characterizes this genus. In technical terms Orchidantha has a polytelic synflorescence that lacks a main florescence (it has a truncated polytelic synflorescence) and bears solitary flowers in coflorescences on determinate enriching branches. The enriching branches produce a fixed number of bracts before aborting (i.e., they are special paracladia). Many of these features are shared with the Strelitziaceae.</p> <p>Similarities between the Lowiaceae and Strelitziaceae include inflorescence structure, the presence of a long prolongation of the ovary, and a delay in the formation of the third sepal during flower development, a character that is also shared with the Musaceae. Inflorescence and flower structure is now well established in this small, but important family.</p>
Data From: Inflorescence and flower development in Orchidantha chinensis T. L. Wu (Lowiaceae; Zingiberales): similarities to inflorescence structure in the Strelitziaceae
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Whence came these plants most foul? Phylogenomics and biogeography of Lowiaceae (Zingiberales)
<p>Lowiaceae (order Zingiberales) is a small family of forest herbs in Southeast Asia. All species belong to the genus Orchidantha. They are known for possessing orchid-like flowers that are smelly, apparently mimicking dead animals, feces, or mushrooms. Little is known of the biogeographic patterns or character evolution of the family. We sampled the family extensively, including many recently discovered species, and reconstructed the phylogeny of the family using HybSeq with Lowiaceae-specific RNA baits. Our phylogenetic reconstructions confirm that the family is most closely related to Strelitziaceae, and that species with dark, foul-smelling flowers form a grade in which a clade of species with paler smelling flowers are embedded. The pale-flowered species produce a distinct odor, resembling edible mushrooms. Apart from a single species, the species from Borneo form a clade, and the same is true for Indochinese species. The remaining species form a more widespread clade. A biogeographic analysis shows that the distribution of Lowiaceae can explained by vicariance and gradual dispersal from a shared ancestral range of Borneo and Indochina. There is no evidence of long-distance dispersal, only a later extension in distribution to Peninsular Malaysia which coincides with the presence of a land bridge. Different directions of spread are possible, but none require long-distance dispersal. The results are consistent with the geological history of Southeast Asia. In particular, the relatively early isolation between Indochina and Borneo could be explained by the presence of a sea barrier that developed 10–15 MYA, and the continuous movement of plant species between Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia could be explained by a land bridge that existed until c. 5 MYA. The lack of an extensive land bridge with a suitable habitat may explain the absence of this genus from Sumatra and other Indonesian islands aside from Borneo. The strict reliance on a continuous habitat for the range expansion of Lowiaceae can be explained by their fruits and seeds, which lack obvious adaptations for long-distance dispersal. The inability to disperse to new areas may also explain why the extant species have very restricted distributions.</p>
FIGURE 1. Orchidantha yunnanensis P.Zou, C.F in Orchidantha yunnanensis (Lowiaceae), a new species from China, and notes on the identity of Orchidantha laotica
FIGURE 1. Orchidantha yunnanensis P.Zou, C.F.Xiao & Škorničk. A. Habit; B. Detail of flowers; C. Old inflorescences showing the dense branching (scale 10 cm); D. Detail of the part of the inflorescence (scale 5 cm); E. Dissection (from left): prophyll, first bract, second bract, floral bract, two lateral sepals, dorsal sepal, labellum, and the rest of the flower (peduncle, ovary and ovary extension with petals, anthers and stigma attached) (scale 5 cm); F. Detail of anthers and stigma (front and back views), two petals (back and front view), crossection and longitudinal section of ovary. All based on P. Zou, C. F. Xiao, C. J. Cui & K. Xu ZP54. (Photo by P. Zou)
FIGURE 2. Orchidantha yunnanensis P.Zou, C.F in Orchidantha yunnanensis (Lowiaceae), a new species from China, and notes on the identity of Orchidantha laotica
FIGURE 2. Orchidantha yunnanensis P.Zou, C.F.Xiao & Škorničk. A. Habit; B. Flower (side view); C. Lateral petal (ventral and dorsal view); D. Stamens and style (ventral and dorsal view); E. Ovary (longitudinal section); F. Prophyl G. Second bract; H. Floral bract; I. Lateral sepal (ventral view); J. Lateral sepal (dorsal view); K. Dorsal sepal (dorsal view); L. Labellum; M. stem with pedicel and ovary extension (side view). Scales: B (5 cm); C–E (1 cm); F–M (5 cm). All from P. Zou, C. F. Xiao, C. J. Cui & K. Xu ZP54 (IBSC) and living material of XTBG 20013005. (Drawn by Ms. Yun-Xiao Liu)
FIGURE 3. Orchidantha laotica K.Larsen. A in Orchidantha yunnanensis (Lowiaceae), a new species from China, and notes on the identity of Orchidantha laotica
FIGURE 3. Orchidantha laotica K.Larsen. A. Habit; B. Ripe open capsule (without seeds); C. Detail of flower with dorsal sepal removed; D. Flower (front view); E. Flower (side view); F. Laterals sepals, dorsal sepal and labellum (scale 1 cm); G. Detail of stigma and stamens enveloped in petals (in side and ventral views) and two petals removed (scale 5 mm); H. Stigma and anthers (petals removed) from ventral, dorsal and side view. All based on Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-1800. (Photo by J. Leong-Škorničková)
Whence came these plants most foul? Phylogenomics and biogeography of Lowiaceae (Zingiberales)
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