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14 results for “Lygaeinae”
Fig. 1 in First records of Lygaeus simulans Deckert, 1985 for Albania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae)
Fig. 1 - Specimen of Lygaeus simulans Deckert, 1985, mountains near Theth, Shkodër, Albania, 21.VI.2014. / Esemplare di Lygaeus simulans Deckert, 1985, montagne vicino a Theth, Shkodër, Albania, 21.VI.2014. (Photo / Foto: Peter LaBelle).
Fig. 1 in Comportamiento necrófago en Melanocoryphus albomaculatus (Goeze, 1778) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae).
Fig. 1.- Melanocoryphus albomaculatus (Goeze, 1778) alimentándose de un cadáver de Lampyris sp. (Distriz, Lugo). (Foto de Javier Pérez Valcárcel).
Fig. 4 in First records of Lygaeus creticus Lucas, 1854 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae) for Albania and France.
Fig. 4.- Lygaeus creticus Lucas, 1854, Corte, Corsica, France. Imago, 14.03.2017. (Photograph: Alexandre Cornuel-Willermoz).
Figs. 1-3 in First records of Lygaeus creticus Lucas, 1854 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae) for Albania and France.
Figs. 1-3.- Lygaeus creticus Lucas, 1854, Vlorë, Albania. 1.- Imagos, 13.02.2017. 2.- Nymphs, 9.05.2017. 3.- Teneral imago, 4.05.2017. (Photographs: Aleksander Golemaj).
A simple artificial diet for feeding and sequestration assays for the milkweed bugs Oncopeltus fasciatus and Spilostethus saxatilis (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae)
<p><span>Insect artificial diets are not only an important tool for mass rearing, nutritional research, and maintaining laboratory colonies but also for studying insect-plant interactions. For herbivorous insects able to sequester plant toxins, feeding and sequestration assays based on artificial diet allow for the investigation of physiological, ecological, and evolutionary questions which may be difficult to study using real plants representing complex chemical environments. We developed a simple artificial diet, consisting of sunflower meal pressed into pills, for the milkweed bugs <em>Oncopeltus fasciatus</em> and <em>Spilostethus saxatilis</em> (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae), which are capable of sequestering cardenolides and colchicum alkaloids, respectively. We assessed insect performance, suitability of the diet for sequestration assays, and its shelf life. Compared to sunflower seeds which are widely used as a laboratory maintenance diet for milkweed bugs, no differences were found in terms of weight development, presence of deformities, speed of development, or mortality. Importantly, after feeding <em>O. fasciatus</em> and <em>S. saxatilis</em> sunflower pills enriched with crystalline ouabain (cardenolide) or colchicine (colchicum alkaloid), respectively, sequestration was observed in both species. Moreover, as a prerequisite to test ecological hypotheses, our method allows for adequate concentration control and homogenous distribution of toxins across the diet. </span><span>Under relatively warm conditions </span><span>(27°C and 60% r.h.), the new diet was stable for up to 10 days when used for feeding assays with adult bugs. Therefore, studies focusing on the role of plant toxins in predator-prey interactions and plant defense, but also insecticide research could benefit from using this approach. </span></p>
A simple artificial diet for feeding and sequestration assays for the milkweed bugs Oncopeltus fasciatus and Spilostethus saxatilis (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae)
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FIGURES 3 in Two new endemic species of Lygaeinae from Baja California, Mexico (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)
FIGURES 3–-6. 3–4. Melacoryphus lagunensis new species. 3, Pygophore. 4, Paramere. 5–6. Melacoryphus admirabilis (Uhler). 5, Pygophore. 6, Paramere.
Sequestration of defenses against predators drives specialized host plant associations in preadapted milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae)
<p class="CxSpFirst">Host plant specialization across herbivorous insects varies dramatically, but while the molecular mechanisms of host-plant adaptations are increasingly known, we often lack a comprehensive understanding of the selective forces that favor specialization. The milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) are engaged in ancestrally specialized associations with plants of the Apocynaceae from which they commonly sequester cardiac glycosides for defense, facilitated by resistant Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPases and adaptations for transport, storage and discharge of toxins. Here, we show that three Lygaeinae species independently colonized four novel non-apocynaceous hosts that convergently produce cardiac glycosides. A fourth species shifted to a new source of toxins by tolerating and sequestering alkaloids from meadow saffron (<i>Colchicum autumnale</i>, Colchicaceae). Across three milkweed bug species tested, feeding on seeds containing toxins did not improve growth or speed of development, and even impaired growth and development in two species, but sequestration mediated protection of milkweed bugs against two natural predators: lacewing larvae and passerine birds. We conclude that physiological preadaptations and convergent phytochemistry facilitated novel specialized host associations. Since toxic seeds did not improve but either impaired growth or at most had neutral effects, selection by predators on sequestration of defenses, rather than the exploitation of additional profitable dietary resources, can lead to obligatory specialized host associations in otherwise generalist insects.</p>
Sequestration of defenses against predators drives specialized host plant associations in preadapted milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae)
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FIGURE 2 in Two new endemic species of Lygaeinae from Baja California, Mexico (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)
FIGURE 2. Melacoryphus lagunensis new species. Holotype male dorsal habitus.
FIGURE 1 in Two new endemic species of Lygaeinae from Baja California, Mexico (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)
FIGURE 1. Dalmochrimnus insularis new species. Holotype male dorsal habitus.
FIGURE 1 in Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)
FIGURE 1. Type of Pyrrhobaphus (Graptostethus) collaris Breddin.
Fig. 2 in First records of Lygaeus simulans Deckert, 1985 for Albania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae)
Fig. 2 - View of the valley of Theth, Shkodër, Albania. In the foreground the villages of Theth and Okol, in the background the chain of Mount Maja Harapit. / Vista sulla valle di Theth, Shkodër, Albania. In primo piano i villaggi di Theth e Okol, sullo sfondo la catena del monte Maja Harapit. (Photo / Foto: Giuseppe Popi Miotti, 1993).
Data from: Na+/K+-ATPase resistance and cardenolide sequestration: basal adaptations to host plant toxins in the milkweed bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae)
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