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82 results for “Macrocystis pyrifera”
SBC LTER: REEF: Net primary production, growth and standing crop of Macrocystis pyrifera in Southern California
The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera forms subtidal forests on shallow reefs in temperate regions of the world. It is one of the fastest-growing multicellular autotrophs on Earth and its high productivity supports diverse marine food webs. In 2008, we published a method for estimating biomass and net primary production (NPP) of giant kelp along with five years of data, to provide a more integrated measure of NPP than those yielded by previous methods. Our method combines monthly field measurements of standing crop and loss rates with a model of kelp biomass dynamics to estimate instantaneous mass-specific growth rates and NPP for each season of each year. We have since improved our approach to account for several previously unresolved sources of biomass loss. These improvements have led to a near doubling of our prior estimates of growth and NPP. At our site with the most persistent stand of giant kelp, NPP averages ~5.2 kg dry mass m-2 y-1 and results from the rapid growth (~3.5% per day) of a relatively small standing biomass (~ 0.4 kg dry mass m-2 on average) that turns over ~ 12 times annually. Here we provide revised estimates of seasonal biomass, growth and NPP for the five years covered by our previous publication (2002-2006), along with an additional data collect since then (2007-present). We also present updated relationships for predicting giant kelp biomass and NPP from much more easily obtained measurements of frond density. These data can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive variation in giant kelp NPP at a wide range of temporal scales.
SBC LTER: Reef: Historical Kelp Database for giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) biomass in California and Mexico
ISP Alginates (formerly Kelco Co.) has collected information on the abundance of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in California and Mexico from routine aerial surveys since 1957. The standard protocol consists of an observer visually estimating the amount of harvestable giant kelp biomass within designated kelp beds from a small fixed-wing aircraft. Observations were recorded on paper data sheets in the field and archived in notebooks housed at ISP Alginates. With cooperation from ISP Alginates, the SBCLTER converted ISP Alginates long-term records of giant kelp biomass into a digital format. The database consists of a data table containing kelp biomass, a catalog of maps. The format ISP Alginates used to report kelp abundance data changed periodically over the course of the collecting period. These details, pus descriptions of designated kelp beds are described in the protocol document.
SBC LTER: Reef: Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Abundance and size of Giant Kelp (Macrocystis Pyrifera), ongoing since 2000
These data describe the abundance of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, and are part of the SBCLTER kelp forest monitoring program. The study was initiated in 2000, in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, and this dataset is updated once per year. The number and size (number of fronds and diameter of holdfasts) of plants were recorded along permanent transects at nine reef sites located along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel and at two sites on the north side Santa Cruz Island. These sites reflect several oceanographic regimes in the channel and vary in distance from sources of terrestrial runoff. The time period of data collection varied among the 11 kelp forest sites. Sampling at BULL, CARP, and NAPL began in 2000, sampling at the other 6 mainland sites (AHND, AQUE, IVEE, GOLB, ABUR, MOHK) began in 2001 (transects 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 at IVEE were added in 2011). Data collection at the two Santa Cruz Island sites (SCTW and SCDI) began in 2004. See Methods for more information.
SBC LTER: REEF: Macrocystis pyrifera blade area and loss in Southern California
These data describe losses of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) blade tissue observed in the Santa Barbara Channel (Isla Vista Reef) during the summer of 2012. Data are contained in two tables: 1) a time series of measured change in blade area over time at different depths and locations in the kelp forest, 2) modeled estimates of partial blade losses specific to blades on subsurface fronds and blades in the water column and canopy sections of surface reaching fronds.
SBC LTER: Santa Cruz Island: Abundance of giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)
These data describe the abundance of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, at Santa Cruz Island (north shore), Santa Barbara Channel, California. The number of Macrocystis fronds were recorded along permanent transects at 11 sites, and sampling is designed to complement both the SBC LTER Reef Kelp Forest Community Survey study and other long-term data from Santa Cruz Island. Sampling began in 2011, and this dataset is updated annually.
SBC LTER: Reef: Microsatellite markers for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera
These data were published as a technical note: Alberto, F., A. C. Whitmer, N. C. Coelho, M. Zippay, E. Varela-Alvarez, P. T. Raimondi, D. C. Reed and E. A. Serrão. 2009. Microsatellite markers for the giant kelp Macroystis pyrifera. Conservation Genetics. 10:1915-1917 doi: 10.1007/s10592-009-9853-9 Abstract: We report the isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci to study the population genetics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. Markers were obtained by screening a genomic library enriched for microsatellite motifs. Of the 37 primer pairs defined, 16 amplified clean polymorphic microsatellites and are described. These loci identified a number of alleles ranging from three to forty (mean= 16.5, and gene diversity ranging from 0.469 to 0.930 (mean= 0.774). The isolation and characterization of these highly polymorphic markers will greatly benefit much needed studies on the molecular ecology of this important macroalga. These data report the isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci to study the population genetics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. 180 samples of blade tissue were collected at Carpinteria Reef, Santa Barbara Channel, CA (USA) in July 2006. Sequence data are available from GenBank. These data were published as a Technical Note in the journal Conservation Genetics in 2009.
SBC LTER: Reef: Geospatial structure of microsatellite markers for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, Santa Barbara CA, 2009
Data package includes data and R code for the examination of geospatial genetic structure (SGS) and simulation of inbreeding in giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) from the Santa Barbara Channel, California. Data are reported for microsatellite markers from individual giant kelp plants from Carpinteria Reef, Mohawk Reef and Goleta Bay, collected during September 2009. Relative X and Y coordinates (meters) were recorded for each specimen sampled. R code consists of two scripts, a) to calculate mean number of alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosity, and b) to simulate self-fertilization and sibling/cousin relationships. These data were presented in: Johansson, Mattias L, Raimondi, Peter T, Reed, Daniel C, Coelho, Nelson C, Serrão, Ester A, Alberto, Filipe A. In press. Looking into the black box: simulating the role of self-fertilization and mortality in the genetic structure of Macrocystis pyrifera. Molecular Ecology, 22:4842–4854. These data are also available from: Johansson ML, Raimondi PT, Reed DC, Coelho NC, Serrão EA, Alberto FA (2013) Data from: Looking into the black box: simulating the role of self-fertilization and mortality in the genetic structure of Macrocystis pyrifera. Dryad Digital Repository. doi:10.5061/dryad.s1b07.
SBC LTER: Kelp blade characteristics to support turnover dynamics of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera in the Santa Barbara Channel
These data describe the age-specific changes in the size and related traits of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) blades in the Santa Barbara Channel (Isla Vista Reef) during the spring and summer of 2012-2013. Data are contained in three tables: 1) a time series of change in blade size with age due to growth and senescence for blades growing at different depths and locations in the kelp forest, 2) physical traits of blades (biomass density, nitrogen, chlorophyll a) of different ages collected at different depths and locations in the kelp forest, and 3) photosynthetic performance (Pmax, alpha) of blades of different ages collected at different depths and locations in the kelp forest. These data were used to test whether spatial variation in the turnover dynamics of giant kelp blades could be could be explained by leaf life span theory developed for higher plants. The data were also used in a mathematical model of frond growth and senescence to investigate the relative and absolute magnitude of blade senescence in a kelp forest, and to examine how these losses were affected by light availability. Analyses using these data were published in Rodriguez, G. E. 2014. Turnover dynamics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara. ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2014. 3682967.
SBC LTER: Spatial definitions of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) patches in southern and central California
These data describe the spatial definitions of patches of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in central and southern California, USA, using a 27-year time series of giant kelp canopy biomass from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery (1984-2011). Giant kelp patches were delineated using a spatial synchrony-based method that avoids the consolidation of adjacent, independently fluctuating local populations into "megapatches". The method uses a network theory modularity approach to optimally cluster Landsat pixels into patches based on suitable habitat area (i.e., all areas containing giant kelp, 1984-2011) and the spatial synchrony of canopy biomass. These data were described in Cavanaugh, K. C., D. A. Siegel, P. T. Raimondi, and F. A. Alberto. 2014. Patch definition in metapopulation analysis: a graph theory approach to solve the mega-patch problem. Ecology 95:316-328. doi:10.1890/13-0221.1
Kelp Metapopulations: Macrocystis pyrifera microsatellite marker biogeography study
Dataset contains microsatellite genotypes specific for Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp). Table 1 describes seven loci from blades collected from 62 sites from Alaska, USA, to Baja California, Mexico, and Table 2 blades collected at 38 sites (subpopulations) in central California (Monterey Bay). Each row is the multilocus genotype for a single specimen (individual). These data were described in <ulink url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13371">Johansson ML, Alberto F, Reed DC, Raimondi PT, Coelho NC, Young MA, Drake PT, Edwards CA, Cavanaugh K, Assis J, Ladah LB, Bell TW, Coyer JA, Siegel DA, Serrão EA (2015) Seascape drivers of Macrocystis pyrifera population genetic structure in the northeast Pacific. Molecular Ecology. 24, 4866–4885.</ulink>
SBC LTER : Reef: Macrocystis pyrifera frond morphology at Mohawk Reef
These data describe the morphology of actively growing, surface-canopy fronds of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera collected from the interior and edge of the kelp forest at Mohawk Reef near Santa Barbara, CA from May 2005 to April 2006. Included are values for the length, wet mass, stipe diameter, stipe mass, number of blades, and total blade mass of the midwater and canopy portion of each frond. These data were used by Stewart et al. (2009) to differences in growth, morphology and tissue C and N of M. pyrifera within and at the outer edge of a giant kelp forest.
SBC LTER: Reef: Macrocystis pyrifera CHN content (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen), ongoing since 2002
The purpose of monthly kelp CHN sampling is to track the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen concentrations in Macrocystis pyrifera tissue at SBC LTER sites over time. A total of fifteen M. pyrifera blades are collected at each of three reef sites once a month. Blades are selected approxiamtely two meters from the growing end of several different plants. Core samples of the blades are processed and run through an Organic elemental analyzer with a combustion method. See Methods for more information.
Cartographie fine de la couverture de Macrocystis pyrifera sur l'archipel de Kerguelen à partir d'images Sentinel-2 acquises en 2020
<p>Cette donnée représente une cartographie fine de la couverture de Macrocystis pyrifera (MP) sur l’archipel de Kerguelen à partir d'images Sentinel-2 acquises en 2020. Etant donné la proximité de MP avec Durvilleae Antarctica (DA) (du point de vue de leur signature spectrale), les résultats intègrent aussi cette dernière.</p> <p>Les données d’Observation de la Terre utilisées sont les images satellitaires libres et gratuites Sentinel-2 (A et B). La chaîne de traitement mise en place est entièrement basée sur le langage R. Les téléchargements et prétraitements ont été effectués grâce à une librairie complète, sen2r, créée par Luigi Ranghetti (Ranghetti et al., 2020).<br>Les résultats de détection des algues brunes à partir de la chaîne sont proches de l’exhaustivité avec un Kappa global de 0.993. C’est l’indice du grNDVI de Wang et al. (2007) qui a été utilisé pour réaliser ces produits.</p> <p>Un produit final utilisable par un utilisateur n’ayant pas forcément été initié à la télédétection a été favorisé. Dans ce but une couche shapefile représentant la présence moyenne d’algue brune sur la zone (c.à.d. sur toute l’étendue temporelle disponible) est ici mise à disposition.</p> <p>Cette donnée a été réalisée dans le cadre du stage de master2 d'Alexis Pré co-encadré par l'UMR Espace-Dev à la station SEAS-OI et le service SIG des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises.</p> <p>Wang, F. M., Huang, J. F., Tang, Y. L., & Wang, X. Z. (2007). New vegetation index and its application in estimating leaf area index of rice. <em>Rice Science</em>, <em>14</em>(3), 195-203.</p> <p>Ranghetti, L., Boschetti, M., Nutini, F., & Busetto, L. (2020). “sen2r”: An R toolbox for automatically downloading and preprocessing Sentinel-2 satellite data. <em>Computers & Geosciences</em>, <em>139</em>, 104473.</p>
FIG. 3 in Intraindividual variation in nuclear DNA content in Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh and Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices (Phaeophyceae)
FIG. 3. — Developmental stages of sporangia in Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh stained with DAPI: A-C, four-nucleate sporangium (4-ns) and sporangial mother cells (smc); D, mature sporangia. Scale bars: A-D, 5 μm.
FIG. 1 in Intraindividual variation in nuclear DNA content in Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh and Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices (Phaeophyceae)
FIG. 1. — Cells of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot stained with DAPI: A, mitotic figure (mf) of dividing cortical cells (cc); B, uninucleate cortical cells; C, D, mature antheridia (ma), antheridia germinative cells (agc), antheridium (a) and four-nucleate antheridium (4-na); E, five-nucleate antheridium (5-na); F, antheridia germinative cells. Scale bars: A-D, 5 μm.
SBC LTER: REEF: Exudation of dissolved organic carbon by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
We estimated rates of DOC exudation by Macrocystis pyrifera using short-term (2-4 hours) in situ incubations of entire blades and portions of stipes in the kelp forest at Mohawk Reef near Santa Barbara, California, USA (34o 23.660’ N, 119o 43.800’ W). Incubations of blades were conducted within 2 m of the sea surface at midday on eight dates between October 2007 and August 2011 to investigate the effects of blade growth stage, nutrient status (as indicated by C:N ratio determined using an Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN/O/S elemental analyzer), epiphyte load, sea surface irradiance, and sea surface temperature on rates of DOC release from intact blades.
SBC LTER: REEF: Frond Lifespans of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
These data describe the demography of 109 cohorts of giant kelp fronds on 194 tagged plants (1007 total fronds surveyed). Cohorts of fronds on tagged plants were followed monthly in three kelp forests near Santa Barbara, CA from April 2002 to June 2005. These data are useful for determining frond birth rates, death rates, lifespan and age structure.
SBC LTER: Reef: Surge uptake capability in Macrocystis pyrifera in response to pulses of three different forms of nitrogen
This data describes the capacity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera to exhibit surge uptake of three different forms of nitrogen in whole-blade incubation experiments done in spring and summer 2019. The data is contained in 2 tables: 1) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea by blades exposed to pulses of nitrogen for periods lasting 1, 5, 15 and 45 min, 2) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea for specific time intervals of pulsed nitrogen (e.g., 0-1 min, 1-5 min, 5-15 min and 15-45 min).
SBC LTER: REEF: Macrocystis pyrifera biomass and environmental drivers in southern and central California
These data describe 1987-2019 time series of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) biomass and associated environmental variables (wave height, nitrate concentration, climate indices) at quarterly and annual time intervals. Data for spatially resolvable variables (giant kelp biomass, wave height, nitrate concentration) pertain to 361 coastline segments (500 m length) in southern and central California where giant kelp was persistent over the sampling period. Data are contained in 5 tables: 1) quarterly time series of giant kelp biomass, wave height, and nitrate concentrations for 361 coastline segments; 2) quarterly time series of aspatial climate indices (NPGO, MEI, PDO); 3) annual time series of giant kelp biomass, wave height, and nitrate concentrations for 361 coastline segments; 4) annual time series of aspatial climate indices (NPGO, MEI, PDO); 5) locations (latitude and longitude of center) of coastline segments. Kelp data are derived from satellite imagery using empirical relationships. Wave data are derived from an empirically validated swell propagation model. Nitrate data are derived from empirical relationships with remotely-sensed sea surface temperature.
SBC LTER: Reef: Net primary production, growth and standing crop of Macrocystis pyrifera in Southern California
This data package has been deprecated because the models/methods have been changed. Please see the new data package using updated models: Updated Kelp NPP packages. These data are a time series of net primary production (NPP), growth and standing crop for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, that is appropriate for examining seasonal and inter-annual patterns across multiple sites. The standing crop and loss rates of M. pyrifera are measured monthly in permanent plots at three sites in the Santa Barbara Channel, USA. Collection of these data began in May 2002 and is ongoing. Seasonal estimates of NPP and growth rate are made by combining the field data with a model of kelp dynamics. The dataset includes plant density in each plot and censuses of fronds on tagged plants at each site. NPP, mass specific growth rate and standing crop are presented in four metrics (wet mass, dry mass, carbon mass and nitrogen mass) to facilitate comparisons with previous studies of M. pyrifera and with NPP measured in other ecosystems. A subset of these data covering the time period 2002-05-01 to 2007-12-31 were contributed to Ecological Archives as Data Paper E089-119-D1 in 2008 (citation: Andrew Rassweiler, Katie K. Arkema, Daniel C. Reed, Richard C. Zimmerman, and Mark A. Brzezinski. 2008. Net primary production, growth, and standing crop of Macrocystis pyrifera in southern California. Ecology 89:2068).
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