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11 results for “Macropods”
Fig. 6 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 6. Livestock farms in the Northern Tablelands region of NSW, Australia, with Macropods harbouring liver fluke infections (December 2018–June 2021).
Fig. 5 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 5. Scatter plot of Fasciola hepatica coproantigen concentration (optical density, 450 nm) and total fluke count in Macropods.
Fig. 4. A in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 4. A. Common wallaroo liver (visceral surface) with prominent fibrotic capsules. B. Liver cross-section of fibrous capsules. C. Eastern grey kangaroo liver (visceral surface) with irregular form, hepatomegaly, fibrotic lesions and bile duct hyperplasia. D. Necrotic tracks generated by immature fluke. E. Immature fluke (mm).
Fig. 3. Rainfall and temperature data throughout 2019–2020 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 3. Rainfall and temperature data throughout 2019–2020 recorded at the Armidale airport NSW, Australia (Australian Government of Bureau of Meteorology, 2019, 2020).
Fig. 1 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 1. Geographical location of livestock farms (A–G) surveyed in the Northern Tablelands region of NSW, Australia, to assess liver fluke prevalence in Macropods (ArcGIS 10.4.1 software, 2018).
Fig. 2 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 2. Liver fluke prevalence in Macropods (infected/total sampled) cohabiting farms in the Northern Tablelands region of NSW, Australia. Number of farms by risk site: low – 2 farms, medium – 3 farms, high – 2 farms.
R script with data for vegetation and macropod scat analysis
<p>Fire and herbivores alter vegetation structure and function. Future fire activity is predicted to increase, and quantifying changes in vegetation communities arising from post-fire herbivory is needed to better manage natural environments.</p> <p>We investigated the effects of post-fire herbivory on understory plant communities in a coastal eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia. We quantified herbivore activity, understory plant diversity, and dominant plant morphology following a wildfire in 2017 using two sizes of exclosures. Statistical analysis incorporated the effect of exclusion treatments, time since fire (TSF), and the effect of a previous prescribed burn.</p> <p>Exclusion treatments altered herbivore activity, but TSF did not. Herbivory reduced plant species richness, diversity and evenness and promoted the dominance of the most abundant plants within the understory. Increasing TSF reduced community diversity and evenness and influenced morphological changes to the dominant understory plant species, increasing size and dead material while decreasing abundance. We found the legacy effects of a previous prescribed burn had no effect on herbivores or vegetation within our study.</p> <p>Foraging by large herbivores resulted in a depauperate vegetation community. As post-fire herbivory can alter vegetation communities, we postulate that management burning practices may exacerbate herbivore impacts.</p> <p>Future fire management strategies to minimise herbivore-mediated alterations to understory vegetation could include aggregating management burns into larger fire sizes or linking fire management with herbivore management. Restricting herbivore access following fire (planned or otherwise) can encourage a more diverse and species-rich understory plant community. Future research should aim to determine how vegetation change from post-fire herbivory contributes to future fire risk.</p>
Fig. 1 in Toxoplasma gondii in Australian macropods (Macropodidae) and its implication to meat consumption
Fig. 1. Flowchart of article selection.
R script with data for vegetation and macropod scat analysis
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Data from: Empirical tests of harvest-induced body-size evolution along a geographic gradient in Australian macropods
1. Life-history theory predicts the progressive dwarfing of animal populations that are subjected to chronic mortality stress but the evolutionary impact of harvesting terrestrial herbivores has seldom been tested. In Australia, marsupials of the genus Macropus (kangaroos and wallabies) are subjected to size-selective commercial harvesting. Mathematical modelling suggests that harvest quotas (ca. 10–20 % of population estimates annually) could be driving body-size evolution in these species. 2. We tested this hypothesis for three harvested macropod species with continental-scale distributions. To do so, we measured more than 2 000 macropod skulls sourced from wildlife collections spanning the last 130 years. We analysed these data using spatial Bayesian models that controlled for the age and sex of specimens as well as environmental drivers and island effects. 3. We found no evidence for the hypothesized decline in body size for any species; rather, models that fit trend terms supported minor body size increases over time. This apparently counterintuitive result is consistent with reduced mortality due to a depauperate predator guild and increased primary productivity of grassland vegetation following European settlement in Australia. 4. Spatial patterns in macropod body size supported the heat dissipation limit and productivity hypotheses proposed to explain geographic body-size variation (i.e., skull size increased with decreasing summer maximum temperature and increasing rainfall, respectively). 5. There is no empirical evidence that size-selective harvesting has driven the evolution of smaller body size in Australian macropods. Bayesian models are appropriate for investigating the long-term impact of human harvesting because they can impute missing data, fit non-linear growth models and account for non-random spatial sampling inherent in wildlife collections.
Data from: Empirical tests of harvest-induced body-size evolution along a geographic gradient in Australian macropods
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