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Figure 16 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 16. Favoured cladogram for species of Macropora, rooted on the outgroup taxon Monoporella exsculpta (Marsson). Reweighted 50% majority-rule consensus tree. Bootstrap support value indicated for the only node present in more than half of 500 replicate trees. CI excluding uninformative characters = 0.4192, RI 0.6427, RC 0.3270.

Figure 17 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 17. Phylogenetic tree constructed from the favoured cladogram (Fig. 16) with species distributions indicated by symbols mapped on a geological timescale. Note that only one species (M. nodulosa) is represented in more than one geological age. Symbols indicate biogeographical provenances as indicated in the box.

Figure 4 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 4. Macropora carlosi sp. nov., Norfolk Ridge, north of Norfolk Island, New Zealand, holotype, NIWA 18408. A, group of zooids. B, enlargement of zooid on right of A showing ovicell with radially aligned pores and broken roof. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 mm.

Figure 11. A–E in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 11. A–E, Macropora browni López de la Cuadra & García Gómez, 1997, NIWA Stn Tan 0205/63, Kermadec Ridge. A, autozooids, a kenozooid (centre) and an avicularium (bottom right). B, avicularium orifice. C, inner face of operculum of autozooid. D, inner face of operculum of avicularium. E, zooids from early astogeny. F, Macropora polymorpha (Phillips, 1900), NIWA Stn Z9694, Spirits Bay, northern New Zealand, unbleached specimen showing autozooids, an avicularium (centre) and an ovicell (top right). Scale bars: A = 470 mm; B = 125 mm; C = 110 mm; D = 105 mm; E = 340 mm; F = 1 mm.

Figure 5 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 5. Macropora mawatariorum sp. nov., eastern Kyushu, Japan. A, drawing of ancestrula and early zooids (from Mawatari, 1958). B, drawing of a maternal zooid (from Mawatari, 1958). C, three zooids, two with intact opercula. D, ancestrula. E, inner face of operculum. Scale bars: C = 500 mm; D = 220 mm; E = 70 mm. C, E, holotype, SMBL Type no. 416 from eastern Kyushu; D, paratype, SMBL Type no. 418.

Figure 8 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 8. Macropora pittensis sp. nov., Pliocene (or inferred Pliocene), Pitt Island, Chatham Islands, New Zealand. A–C, NHM BZ5377, Pliocene, Whanuataru Tuff, Tarawhenua Peninsula. A, group of zooids including an equivocal avicularium (upper right). B, autozooids and kenozooid (bottom centre). C, autozooid orifice. D–F, 'Pitt Island Limestone'. D, avicularium orifice, IGNS BZ 225, holotype. E, autozooids, one with intact operculum (lower right), one with a closure plate (upper left) and two with open orifices, IGNS BZ 226. F, ovicell, IGNS BZ 227. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C, D = 200 mm; E, F = 500 mm.

Figure 3 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 3. Macropora filifera sp. nov., Cavalli Seamounts, Bounty Plateau, New Zealand. A, group of zooids, two with intact opercula. B, orifice and oral spines. C, ovicell, with radial slits, and supportive autozooid. D, inner face of operculum. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B = 500 mm; D = 100 mm. DPG PF2007-2 from NIWA Stn Tan 0204/46.

Figure 7 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 7. Macropora similis sp. nov., NHM D36010, holotype, inferred Pliocene, Napier, New Zealand. A, group of autozooids. B, intact autozooidal operculum. C, avicularium orifice. D, two ovicells, that on the left with a broken roof. Scale bars: A, D = 500 mm; B, C = 200 mm.

Figure 2 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 2. Macropora nodulosa sp. nov., Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. A, group of zooids from early astogeny. B, oblique view of growing edge showing pore windows and raised proximolateral corners of orifices. C, ovicellate zooid with broken frontal shield. D, inner face of operculum. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, C = 500 mm; D = 100 mm. DPG PF2007-1 from NIWA Stn B253.

Figure 10 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 10. Macropora bullata sp. nov., Eocene, Waiareka Volcanic Formation, near Oamaru, North Otago, New Zealand. A–C, IGNS BZ 230, holotype, Alma road cutting. A, group of zooids with broken ovicell (centre). B, zooids and damaged ovicell. C, ovicell, broken and partly infilled with cement. D, NHM BZ5201, Fortification Road cutting, autozooids, with (left) and without (top right) opercula. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C = 200 mm; D = 500 mm.

Figure 14. Macropora trisinuata Uttley, 1949 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 14. Macropora trisinuata Uttley, 1949, Miocene, Mt. Brown Limestone, Weka Creek, Canterbury, New Zealand, CM zb49 (A and C depict the lectotype chosen here, B and D the paralectotype). A, autozooids. B, operculum of autozooid. C, autozooid (upper left) and avicularium (lower right). D, orifice of avicularium. Scale bars: A, C = 500 mm; B, D = 100 mm.

Figure 12. Macropora retusa Uttley, 1949 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 12. Macropora retusa Uttley, 1949, Oligocene, Kakanui Limestone, Deborah, North Otago, New Zealand, CM zb10, holotype. A, group of autozooids and avicularia. B, operculum of autozooid. C, orifice of avicularium. D, operculum of avicularium. E, ovicell. F, detail of ovicell showing slit-like foramina. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–D, F = 100 mm; E = 500 mm.

Figure 9 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 9. Macropora leeae sp. nov., Oligocene, North Otago, New Zealand. A–C, NHM BZ5380, McDonald Limestone, Everett's Quarry. A, group of zooids. B, autozooids, mostly with intact opercula but including one with a closure plate (upper left), and an avicularium (centre top). C, oblique view of avicularium orifice. D–F, IGNS BZ 229, holotype, Whaingaroan, Lorne. D, operculum of avicularium. E, autozooids, ovicells and avicularium (left). F, ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, E = 1 mm; C, D, F = 200 mm.

Figure 15. A–E in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 15. A–E, Monoporella exsculpta (Marsson, 1887), Cretaceous, Maastrichtian. A, B, SMF Voigt Collection 11247, Lower Maastrichtian, Basbeck, Hemmoor, Niedersachsen, Germany. A, broken ovicell. B, detail of broken edge of ovicell tilted to reveal costae (right medial and right lateral costal lumina arrowed). C–E, SMF Voigt Collection 7170, Upper Maastrichtian, St Petersburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands. C, autozooids, some with closure plates, a kenozooid (right of centre) and a mandibulate avicularium (lower right). D, two avicularia, the lower lacking a mandible and showing the deep rostral shelf, the upper with an intact mandible. E, fragment showing underside of frontal shield with pseudopores and a probable opesiule arrowed. F,?Macropora similis sp. nov., NHM BZ5379, Pliocene, Momoe-a-toa Tuff, Momea-toa, Chatham Island; interior of zooid showing in-situ operculum and underside of frontal shield with grooves diverging outwards from opesiules. Scale bars: A, C = 500 mm; D, F = 200 mm; B, E = 100 mm.

Figure 13. Macropora waimatukuensis Uttley, 1949 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 13. Macropora waimatukuensis Uttley, 1949,?Miocene, Waimatuku River, Southland, New Zealand, CM zb51, holotype. A, autozooids, two avicularia and a kenozooid. B, operculum of autozooid. C, orifice of avicularium showing deep pits in the distolateral corners of the oral shelf. D, operculum of avicularium and spine bases. E, two maternal zooids, that on the right with a broken ovicell. F, ovicell. Scale bars: A, E = 500 mm; B–D = 100 mm; F = 200 mm.

Figure 1 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 1. Large colony of Macropora levinseni Brown, 1952 encrusting a cobble from Goat Island Bay, Leigh, New Zealand. NHM 2007.3.28.1. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 6 in Systematics of the bryozoan genus Macropora (Cheilostomata)

Figure 6. Macropora septispinosa sp. nov., Miocene, New Zealand. A–B, 'Onepunga Limestone', Onepunga, Canterbury, NHM D53510. A, group of zooids, including an avicularium (bottom centre). B, avicularium orifice. C, E, F, White Rock Limestone, White Rock Lime Quarry, Canterbury. C, autozooidal orifice, NHM BZ5372. E, ovicell, NHM BZ5373. F, broken ovicell showing floor and costal bases, NHM BZ5372. D, autozooids and avicularia, IGNS BZ 224, holotype, Forest Hill Limestone, Centre Bush Quarry, Southland. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, C = 200 mm, D–F = 500 mm.