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32 results for “Macroscelidea”
FIGURE 3 in Petrosaltator gen. nov., a new genus replacement for the North African sengi Elephantulus rozeti (Macroscelidea; Macroscelididae)
FIGURE 3. Images of the three genera of the tribe Macroscelidini. A. Basking North African sengi (Petrosaltator rozeti). Adult male near Salas village, Jhilet Mountains, Marrakesh, Morocco on 18 July 2005, specimen number CAS MAM 27982. Photo G. Rathbun. B. The four-toed sengi (Petrodromus tetradactylus), Mareja Community Reserve, Pemba, northern Mozambique, 17 June 2011, specimen number CAS MAM 29347, Photo G. Rathbun. C. The Namib round-eared sengi (Macroscelides flavicaudatus), south of the Micberg formation, Kunene Region, Khorixas District, 7 May 2010, specimen number CAS MAM 29700, photo J.P. Dumbacher.
FIGURE 2 in Petrosaltator gen. nov., a new genus replacement for the North African sengi Elephantulus rozeti (Macroscelidea; Macroscelididae)
FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogeny of E. rozeti and related taxa showing the proposed delimitation of the subfamily Macroscelidinae into two tribes. Branch support is shown as Bayesian posterior probabilities / parsimony bootstrap values / maximum likelihood bootstrap values. Nodes with best possible support (1/100/100) are denoted with an asterisk. Scale bar represents corrected (GTR+G+I) distances.
FIGURE 1 in Petrosaltator gen. nov., a new genus replacement for the North African sengi Elephantulus rozeti (Macroscelidea; Macroscelididae)
FIGURE 1. North African sengi distribution (shaded area) in the Maghreb region of northern Africa. Distribution based on minimum convex polygon of 203 points with perimeter modified subjectively to avoid unsuitable habitat (Rathbun 2015). Star symbol is approximate location of type specimen, x symbol is approximate location of Douady (2001) voucher specimen, and + symbol is the location of California Academy of Sciences voucher specimen (see Methods and Table 1).
Figure 33 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 33. Occlusal diagrams of P4, P, and (except Teilhardimys musculus) M trigonid of Prolouisina atavella (A), 4 1 Louisina marci (B), Louisina mirabilis (C), Teilhardimys brisswalteri (D), and Te. musculus (E). Facets are numbered following Butler (1952a, b). Uppers are shown as from left side, lowers from right side. Diagrams are partly schematic, drawn from the maximum number of informative specimens. C is based on MNHN.F.CR-248-Bn, MNHN.F.BRL-3-Pn, and MNHN.F.BR-143. E is based mainly on NHMUK.M29708 and M50379. Taxa not shown to scale.
Figure 32 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 32. Single maximum parsimony cladogram generated from the character-taxon matrix and stepmatrices in Appendices 2 and 3, showing stratigraphical ranges of taxa. Ma, millions of years before present; K, Cretaceous. The time scale is that of Gradstein, Ogg & Smith (2004) with modification to the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary following Westerhold et al. (2008).
Figure 31 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 31. Fifty per cent majority rule consensus of three maximum parsimony cladograms generated from the character-taxon matrix and stepmatrices in Appendices 2 and 3, using nonpostcranial characters 1–79. Numbers at nodes are percentages.
Figure 30 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 30. Single maximum parsimony cladogram generated from the character-taxon matrix and stepmatrices in Appendices 2 and 3, showing characters using the delayed transformation (DELTRAN) optimization. Unequivocal synapomorphies indicated by broad bars, normal polarity homoplasies by thin bars, and reversals by crosses. Numbered character states are described in Appendix 1. Numbers at nodes are Bremer decay indices. Characters at asterisked terminal and subterminal nodes are as follows. Those specific to DELTRAN are emboldened. Apheliscus: 1.0 (reversal), 3.0 (reversal), 4, 24, 31.0, 38.1 (reversal), 56.2, 58, 66.0 (reversal), 67, 73.1 (reversal), 76.0 (reversal); Phenacodaptes: 1.2, 21.0, 23.0, 50, 72.1; Haplomylus: 16, 20.0, 22.2, 23.4, 28 (reversal), 32.1, 33, 41, 56.2, 75.1, 79; Haplaletes: 12 (reversal), 18.0 (reversal), 22.2, 34.1 (reversal), 44 (reversal), 48.2, 50, 51 (reversal), 77; Chambius: 5.1, 9.4 (reversal), 10.3 (reversal), 23.4, 24, 29.0 (reversal), 36.3, 38.5, 39.1, 47, 49.2 (reversal), 53, 57.3, 59.1 (reversal), 60.2, 62.2, 64 (reversal), 66.2, 72.1, 74.3 (reversal), 75.1, 85 (reversal); Walbeckodon krumbiegeli: 9.2, 10.3, 20.0, 78; Walbeckodon girardi: 3.1 (reversal), 6.2, 30.4, 36.2, 37.1, 61, 68; Berrulestes phelizoni: 10.1 (reversal), 37.0 (reversal), 79; Berrulestes pellouini: 1.0 (reversal), 38.3 (reversal), 40.0 (reversal), 43 (reversal), 58 (reversal), 71; Dipavali: 1.2, 3.0 (reversal), 7.2, 12, 23.3 (reversal), 24 (reversal), 38.5, 39.2, 44, 57.3, 59.0 (reversal), 60.1, 62.2, 74.2, 75.1 (reversal); Gigarton louisi: 30.2 (reversal), 38.3 (reversal); Gigarton sigogneauae: 74.0 (reversal); Gigarton meyeri: 3.3, 4 (reversal), 5.2, 11.2, 18.3, 26, 40.2; Louisina mirabilis: 2.0 (reversal), 4 (reversal), 5.0 (reversal), 22.0 (reversal), 23.0 (reversal), 25, 26, 60.1, 62.3; Louisina marci: 20.5, 62.2, 63.0 (reversal); Teilhardimys reisi + Teilhardimys musculus: 9.3, 10.8, 17 (reversal), 22.1 (reversal), 23.1 (reversal), 24, 25, 27.0 (reversal), 29.1, 36.6, 39.2, 54 (reversal), 56.2, 60.2, 67, 72.1 (reversal), 74.3; Te. reisi: 2.0 (reversal), 30.2 (reversal), 31.1, 41 (reversal), 61, 64 (reversal), 66.1 (reversal); Te. musculus: 11.1 (reversal), 22.0 (reversal), 23.0, 62.1.
Figure 29 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 29. Single maximum parsimony cladogram generated from the character-taxon matrix and stepmatrices in Appendices 2 and 3, showing characters using the accelerated transformation (ACCTRAN) optimization. Unequivocal synapomorphies indicated by broad bars, normal polarity homoplasies by thin bars, and reversals by crosses. Numbered character states are described in Appendix 1. Numbers at nodes are Bremer decay indices. Characters at asterisked terminal and subterminal nodes are as follows. Those specific to ACCTRAN are in bold. Apheliscus: 1.0 (reversal), 24, 31.0, 38.1 (reversal), 56.2, 58, 66.0 (reversal), 67, 73.1 (reversal); Phenacodaptes: 1.2, 21.0, 23.0, 50, 72.1; Haplomylus: 16, 20.0, 28 (reversal), 32.1, 33, 41, 56.2, 79; Haplaletes: 12 (reversal), 20, 23.3 (reversal), 34.1 (reversal), 44 (reversal), 48.2, 51 (reversal), 75.0 (reversal); Chambius: 5.1, 9.4 (reversal), 10.3 (reversal), 22.1 (reversal), 24, 29.0 (reversal), 36.3, 38.5, 39.1, 47, 49.2 (reversal), 53, 57.3, 59.1 (reversal), 60.2, 62.2, 64 (reversal), 66.2, 72.1, 74.3 (reversal); Walbeckodon krumbiegeli: 9.2, 10.3, 20.0, 36.1 (reversal), 37.0 (reversal), 68 (reversal); Walbeckodon girardi: 3.1 (reversal), 6.2, 30.4, 61; Berrulestes phelizoni: 38.4; Berrulestes pellouini: 1.0 (reversal), 37.1, 40.0 (reversal), 43 (reversal), 58 (reversal), 71; Dipavali: 3.0 (reversal), 11.1 (reversal), 12, 38.5, 39.2, 57.3, 59.0 (reversal), 60.1, 62.2, 74.2; Gigarton louisi: 1.1 (reversal), 30.2 (reversal), 38.3 (reversal); Gigarton sigogneauae: no characters; Gigarton meyeri: 26, 40.2; Louisina mirabilis: 5.0 (reversal), 20.4 (reversal), 22.0 (reversal), 23.0 (reversal), 25, 26, 60.1, 62.3, 63.1; Louisina marci: no characters; Teilhardimys reisi + Teilhardimys musculus: unequivocals plus 9.3, 10.8, 17 (reversal), 22.1 (reversal), 23.1 (reversal), 24, 25, 27.0 (reversal), 29.1, 36.6, 39.2, 54 (reversal), 56.2, 60.2, 62.0 (reversal), 63.1, 66.2 (reversal), 67, 72.1 (reversal), 74.3; Te. reisi: 30.2 (reversal), 31.1, 41 (reversal), 61, 64 (reversal), 66.1 (reversal); Te. musculus: 2.1, 11.1 (reversal), 22.0 (reversal), 23.0, 62.1.
Figure 23 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 23. Scatter diagrams of Ln length vs. Ln width in millimetres of molars of Louisina spp. and Teilhardimys brisswalteri sp. nov. For explanation of symbols see Figure 8. A, M1; B, M2; C, M; D, M.
Figure 28 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 28. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of jaws of Adapisorex abundans Russell, 1964, Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, left maxilla with P4–M2 (MLU.Wa101.2011); B, right maxilla (reversed) with P2–M2 (MLU.Wa102.2011); C, left dentary with P –M (NHMUK.M19044). Views are: occlusal (A, B, C1), buccal (C2), and 4 3 lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 24 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 24. Histograms of Ln length ¥ width in millimetres (A) and the distance between M1 paracone and protocone and between M1 hypoconid and entoconid, each as a percentage of tooth width (B), of Louisina spp. and Teilhardimys brisswalteri sp. nov. Lined boxes in A indicate Louisina mirabilis. Arrowed names indicate holotypes of species. See text for further explanation.
Figure 22 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaws of Louisina mirabilis Russell, 1964, late Thanetian, France. A, LP3, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-5-G). B, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR- 248-Bn). C, RM1 (reversed), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-3-L). D, right maxilla with M1–2 (reversed) (only M2 shown in D1), bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-7-Lass). E, RM3 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1285). F, RP (reversed), bed 4, Berru 4 (MNHN.F.BRL-3-Pn). G, holotype left dentary with M1–3, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.BR-143). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1), and lingual (F3, G3). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 21 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Prolouisina atavella (Russell, 1964) comb. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, RP4 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/418). B, composite LP4–M2, RM3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/412). C, left dentary with P4–M3 (MLU.Wa103.2011). D, RP3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/419). E, composite RP4–M3 (reversed) (MLU.Wa/415). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, D2, E2), occlusal (A2, B2, D1, E1), and lingual (D3, E3). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 14 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 14. Scatter diagram of length versus trigonid width in millimetres of M3 of species of Berrulestes, to show the different proportions of Berrulestes poirieri sp. nov. Hollow circle = Berrulestes pellouini sp. nov.; solid circle = Berrulestes phelizoni sp. nov.; hollow square = B. poirieri sp. nov.
Figure 9 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 9. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaws of Paschatherium levei sp. nov., Sables de Cuise, middle Ypresian, Condé-en-Brie, France. A, RP4 (reversed) (MNHN.F.Condé-1170-Levé). B, LM1 (MNHN.F.CB-313). C, LM2 (MNHN.F.CB-312). D, LM3 (MNHN.F.Condé-24-Levé). E, holotype right dentary with P4–M1 (reversed) (MNHN.F.CB-303). F, LM2 (MNHN.F.Condé-137-Levé). G, RM3 (reversed) (MNHN.F.CB-1220). H, LM3 (MNHN.F.Condé-1016-Levé). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E2, F2, H1), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E1, F1, G), and lingual (E3, F3, H2). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 1. Dental terminology. A, B in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 1. Dental terminology. A, B, upper molar; C, D, lower molar, all shown as from left side in occlusal view. Mesial is to left; distal is to right; buccal in uppers is above and in lowers below; lingual in uppers is below and in lowers above. A, C, primitive morphotype; B, D, derived morphotype. Some cusps and crests shown in A and C are assumed for B and D, respectively. Some taxa combine some features of the different morphotypes. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; dclm, distal cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; ecfd, ectoflexid; eclm, ectocingulum; ectsd, ectostylid; entd, entoconid; entf, entoflexus; entld, entoconulid; ents, entostyle; hyd, hypoconid; hyfd, hypoflexid; hyld, hypoconulid; hyp, hypocone; hyphd, hypolophid; mbstd, mesiobuccal stylid; mclm, mesial cingulum; mes, mesostyle; mesd, mesoconid; mestd, mesostylid; met, metacone; metclm, metacingulum; metd, metaconid; metle, metaconule; metph, metaloph; mets, metastyle; pacd, paracristid; paclm, paracingulum; pad, paraconid; par, paracone; parle, paraconule; pas, parastyle; pocld, postcingulid; poclm, postcingulum; pof, postflexus; poentcd, postentocristid; pohycd, posthypocristid; pomec, postmetacrista; pometcd, postmetacristid; pometlc, postmetaconule crista; popac, postparacrista; poparlc, postparaconule crista; poprc, postprotocrista; precld, precingulid; preclm, precingulum; preentcd, pre-entocristid; pref, preflexus; premec, premetacrista; premetcd, premetacristid; premetlc, premetaconule crista; prepac, preparacrista; preparlc, preparaconule crista; preprc, preprotocrista; procd, protocristid; prot, protocone; protd, protoconid; prs, protostyle; prtph, protoloph; prtphd, protolophid; tb, trigon basin; tgb, trigonid basin; tlb, talonid basin. Tooth abbreviations in text: I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; M, molar; DP, deciduous premolar.
Figure 7 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of jaws of Walbeckodon girardi gen. et sp. nov., bed 4, Berru (A) and Paschatherium dolloi (Teilhard de Chardin, 1927), Cernay (B), both late Thanetian, France. A, right dentary with P4–M1 (reversed) (MNHN.F.BRL-17-G). B, left dentary with P4–M3 (MNHN.F.CRL-827). Views are: occlusal (A1, B), buccal (A2, A3), and lingual (A4). Scale bar = 2 mm for A1, A2, A4, B and 4 mm for A3.
Figure 6 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon girardi gen. et sp. nov. (A–H) and Paschatherium dolloi (Teilhard de Chardin, 1927) (I), late Thanetian, Cernay, France. A, RP3 (reversed) (MNHN.F.CR-134-Ph). B, RP4 (reversed) (MNHN.F.CR-4412). C, LM1 (MNHN.F.CR-81-Pn). D, RM2 (reversed) (MNHN.F.CR-116-Ph). E, RM3 (reversed) (MNHN.F.CR-334-L). F, LP (MNHN.F.CR-1225). G, RP (reversed) 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-168-Bn). H, holotype left dentary with M (MNHN.F.CR-330). I, RM1 (reversed) (MNHN.F.CR-5-Bn). Views 1–3 are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, G2, H2), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E2, F, G1, H1, I), and lingual (H3). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 18 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 18. Scatter diagrams of Ln length vs. Ln width of species of Gigarton. For explanation of symbols see Figure 8. A, M1–2; B, P. 4
Figure 4 in Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity
Figure 4. Dentaries of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov. (A, B) and Adapisorex abundans Russell, 1964 (C, D) Palaeocene, Walbeck, both shown as from the left side. B, paratype right dentary fragment (reversed) with much of ascending ramus (MLU.Wa/Aa). C, right dentary fragment (reversed) with complete ascending ramus (MLU.Wa/Aa). A and D are composites. In A, paratype MLU.Wa/Aa extends forwards as far as posterior crack; paratype MLU.Wa/AC extends forwards from anterior crack; the intervening area is filled by paratype MLU.Wa/365. In D, MLU.Wa/Aa extends forwards as far as the crack; NHMUK.M19044 provides the remaining parts. Views are lateral (A, D) and medial (B, C). White areas indicate damaged surfaces. Scale bars = 5 mm. Long scale bar refers to A, B, short scale bar to C, D. Abbreviations: amf, anterior mental foramen; pmf, posterior mental foramen.
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