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4 results for “Macrotermes natalensis”
Analyses on the fungus-farming termite, Macrotermes natalensis
<p>Kings and queens of eusocial termites can live for decades, while queens sustain a nearly maximal fertility. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying their long lifespan, we carried out transcriptomics, lipidomics and metabolomics in <i>Macrotermes natalensis</i> on sterile short-lived workers, long-lived kings and five stages spanning twenty years of adult queen maturation. Reproductives share gene expression differences from workers in agreement with a reduction of several aging-related processes, involving upregulation of DNA damage repair and mitochondrial functions. Anti-oxidant gene expression is downregulated, while peroxidability of membranes in queens decreases. Against expectations, we observed an upregulated gene expression in fat bodies of reproductives of several components of the IIS pathway, including an insulin-like peptide, Ilp9. This pattern does not lead to deleterious fat storage in physogastric queens, while simple sugars dominate in their hemolymph and large amounts of resources are allocated towards oogenesis. Our findings support the notion that all processes causing aging need to be addressed simultaneously in order to prevent it.</p>
Analyses on the fungus-farming termite, Macrotermes natalensis
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Data for: TE positions and expression levels in Macrotermes natalensis
<p>Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences, which can cause the accumulation of genomic damage in the life time of an organism. The regulation of TEs, for instance via the piRNA-pathway, is an important mechanism to protect the integrity of genomes, especially in the germ-line where mutations can be transmitted to offspring. In eusocial insects soma and germ-line are divided among worker and reproductive castes, so one may expect caste-specific differences in TE regulation to exist. To test this, we compared whole-genome levels of repeat element transcription in the fat body of female workers, kings, and five different queen stages of the higher termite, Macrotermes natalensis. In this species, queens can live over 20 years, maintaining near maximum reproductive output, while sterile workers only live weeks or months. We found a strong, positive correlation between TE expression and the expression of neighbouring genes in all castes. However, we found substantially higher TE activity in workers than in reproductives. Furthermore, TE expression did not increase with age in queens, despite a seven-fold increase in gene expression, due to a significant upregulation of the piRNA-pathway in 20-year-old queens. Our results suggest a caste- and age-specific regulation of the piRNA-pathway has evolved in higher termites that is analogous to germline-specific activity in individual organisms. In the fat body of these termite queens, an important metabolic tissue for maintaining their extreme longevity and reproductive output, an efficient regulation of TEs likely protects genome integrity, thus further promoting reproductive fitness even at high age.</p>
Data for: TE positions and expression levels in Macrotermes natalensis
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