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14 results for “Magellanic Province”
Data from: The Magellanic Province and its fish fauna (South America): several provinces or one?
Aim: We assessed the validity of the division of the Magellanic Province into the four provinces as proposed by Briggs and Bowen (2012): Southern Chile, Tierra del Fuego, Southern Argentina and Falkland (Malvinas) Islands. We aimed to 1) present an up to date list of the fishes from the region known as "Magellanic Province", 2) analyze the specific richness of fishes in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors and their degree of endemism, 3) evaluate statistically the validity of the three Provinces proposed for the Atlantic sector Location: Southern tip of the American continent at latitudes higher than 40ºS in the Atlantic as well as in the Pacific Oceans. Methods: The list of fishes was prepared by consulting more than 140 sources, many related to observations resulting from research cruises, although two ichthyological collections and two ichthyological websites were also used. The South American species with distributions extending outside of the area corresponding to the Magellanic Province, and all cosmopolitan species, were excluded of endemism analyses. For analyzing fish distributions in the Atlantic sector, the data employed are from eight research cruises carried out from 1978 to 2006 from 37º to 59º South. A total of 523 fishing trawls have been analyzed, grouped into cell of 1º x 1º cells. The species composition of each cell was evaluated by multivariate analysis (nonmetric multidimensional scaling, cluster, and similarity analyses). Results: The percentage of endemism in each sector (Atlantic 2.87% and Pacific 2.87%) is smaller than the endemism common to both sectors (9.2%). The total of endemic species in the Province is 14.94%, which is bigger than the 10% indicated as the lower limit for defining a biogeographic province suggested by Briggs (1974). In addition, multivariate analyses does not show differences in the species composition, neither between Falkland (Malvinas) Islands and "Southern Argentina" nor between the latter and Tierra del Fuego. Main conclusions: The ichthyological data indicate only one biogeographic province in the region not four as previously posited.
FIGURE 10. Cardita malvinae. A, B in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 10. Cardita malvinae. A, B: Original illustrations by d'Orbigny (184-?: pl. 84); C–F: Specimens currently labeled as "Holotype of Cardita malvinae" (NHMUK 1854.12.4.759). Scale bars: 2 mm.
FIGURE 4. Cyclocardia velutina. A, D, G, J in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 4. Cyclocardia velutina. A, D, G, J: Syntype of Cardita (Actinobolus) velutinus, Port Rosario, 4–55 m (NHMUK 1879.10.15.145); B, E, H, K: Puerto Parry, 35 m (MACN-In 39060); C, F, M, N: Bahía Lapataia, 120–138 m (MLP 12212); I, L: Isla Gable, 66–68 m (MLP 12207); O: Isla Lilihuapi, 80–94 m (MACN-In 39062). A–F: Outer views; A–C: Right valve; D– F: Left valve; G, H, J, K: Inner views; G, H: Left valve; J, K: Right valve; I: Dorsal view; L: Prodissoconch (arrow shows P-1/ P-2 boundary); M, N: Detail of hinge plate; M: Left valve; N: Right valve; O: Shell sculpture and periostracal projections. Scale bars: A–H, J, K = 1 cm; I, M, N = 2 mm; L = 100 µm; O = 200 µm.
FIGURE 8. Carditopsis flabellum. A, B, G in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 8. Carditopsis flabellum. A, B, G: Syntype of Cardita flabellum, Valparaíso (NHMUK 196381); C, H: Syntype of Carditella pallida duodecimcostata, Burdwood Bank, 102 m (RSM 1921.143.712); D–F, P: Cape Horn, 198 m (ZMB 103461); I: Cape Horn, 198 m (ZMB 103423); J, O: Cabo San Pío, 65–80 m (MLP 13717); K–N: Isla Becasses, 30–40 m (MLP 13719). A–F: Outer views; A, C, D, F: Right valve; B, E: Left valve; G, H, K, L: Inner views; G, K: Left valve; H, L: Right valve; I, J: Dorsal view; M, N: Detail of hinge plate; M: Left valve; N: Right valve; O: Prodissoconch; P: Shell sculpture. Abbreviations: 3a, 3b, 3p, 4b, 2p = cardinal teeth; LAI, LAII = anterior lateral teeth; LPII, LPIII = posterior lateral teeth; L = ligament; D = central depression; R = radial ribs; W= wing. Arrow shows P-1/P-2 boundary. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, G, K, L = 2 mm; C, F, H, J, M, N = 1 mm; I, O, P = 500 µm.
FIGURE 3. Cyclocardia thouarsii. A, D in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 3. Cyclocardia thouarsii. A, D: Holotype of Cardita thouarsii, Malvinas/Falkland Islands (NHMUK 1854.12.4.760); B, E, I: Cape Horn, 780 m (ZMB 103678); C, F, L: Cape Horn, 430 m (ZMB 103538); G, H: Syntype of Cardita congelascens, Burdwood Bank, 102 m (RSM 1921.143.711); J, K, M–O: Burdwood Bank, 286 m (MLP 13708). A–C, E–G: Outer view; A– C: Left valve; E–G: Right valve; D, H, J, K: Inner view; D, J: Left valve; H, K: Right valve; I: Dorsal view; L: Periostracal projections; M, N: Detail of hinge plate; M: Left valve; N: Right valve; O: Prodissoconch (right valve; arrow shows P-1/P-2 boundary). Scale bars: A, C, D, F–H, J, K = 2 mm; B, E, I = 1 cm; L, O = 100 µm; M, N = 500 µm.
FIGURE 11. Carditella exulata. A–F in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 11. Carditella exulata. A–F: Syntypes, Nightingale Island (NHMUK 1887.2.9.2877-78). A–C: Outer views; A, C: Left valve; B: Right valve; D–F: Inner views; D, F: Left valve; E: Right valve. Scale bars: 2 mm.
FIGURE 7. Carditella semen. A, D, G in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 7. Carditella semen. A, D, G: Syntypes of Carditella semen, Mexillones, 5.5 m (NHMUK 1967585); B, E, F, H–O: Iquique, intertidal (LACM 64-16); C: Arica (NHM 1854.12.4.762). A–E: Outer view; A–C: Right valve; D, E: Left valve; F, I: Detail of shell sculpture; F: Anterior end; I: Posterior end; G, J, K: Inner views; G, J: Right valve; K: Left valve; H: Dorsal views; L: Larva removed from adult; M, N: Detail of hinge plate; M: Right valve; N: Left valve; O: Prodissoconch and ligament. Abbreviation: R = rim. Arrow shows P-1/P-2 boundary. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, G, J, K = 1 mm; C = 3 mm; F, I, O = 200 µm; H, M, N = 500 µm; L = 100 µm.
FIGURE 2. Cyclocardia spurca. A, B, D, E, G, H in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 2. Cyclocardia spurca. A, B, D, E, G, H: Syntypes of Cardita spurca, Iquique, 11–18 m (NHMUK w/n); C, F, I: Perú (MNHN). A–F: Outer view; A–C: Right valve; D–F: Left valve; G, H: Inner view; G: Left valve; H: Right valve; I: Dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 1. Cyclocardia compressa. A, B, E, F in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 1. Cyclocardia compressa. A, B, E, F: Syntypes of Cardita compressa, Valparaíso, 36–109 m (NHMUK 1967582); C, D, I, J, M: Punta Segunda, 12 m (MACN-In 39050); G, H: Caleta del Rey, Chile, 20–30 m (MACN-In 39057); K, L: Punta Segunda, 27 m (MLP 12191). A–D: Outer views; A, C: Right valve; B, D: Left valve; E–H: Inner views; E, G: Left valve; F, H: Right valve; I, J: Detail of hinge plate; I: Left valve; J: Right valve; K: Dorsal view; L: Detail of lunule and ligament; M: Prodissoconch. Abbreviations: 2a, 3a, 3b, 4b, 5b = cardinal teeth; LAI, LAII = anterior lateral teeth; LPI, LPII = posterior lateral teeth; L = ligament. Arrow shows P-1/P-2 boundary. Scale bars: A–F = 5 mm; G, H = 1 cm; I, J = 2 mm; K = 1 mm; L = 500 µm; M = 100 µm.
FIGURE 6. Carditella naviformis. A, C in The Families Carditidae and Condylocardiidae in the Magellan and Perú – Chile provinces (Bivalvia: Carditoidea)
FIGURE 6. Carditella naviformis. A, C: Syntype of Cardita naviformis, Valparaíso, 46 m (NHMUK 1967584); B, D: Caleta del Rey, 20–30 m (MACN-In 39086); E–H, M: Cabo San Pío, 30–35 m (MLP 12248); I–L: Cabo San Pío, 65–80 m (MLP 12244). A–D, I: Outer views; A, B, I: Right valve; C, D: Left valve; E, F: Inner views; E: Right valve; F: Left valve; G, H: Detail of hinge plate; G: Right valve; H: Left valve; J: Shell sculpture; K, L: Dorsal view; K: General view; L: Prodissoconch and ligament; M: Prodissoconch. Abbreviations: D = central depression, R = rim. Arrow shows P-1/P-2 boundary. Scale bars: A, C, E, F = 3 mm; B, D, G–I, K = 1 mm; J, L = 500 µm; M = 250 µm.
Subspecies and Distribution. C. h. humboldtii Gray, 1837 — Patagonia (Chile and Argentina) to the Strait of Magellan. C. h. castaneus d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1847 — C Argentina (S provinces of Buenos Aires & La Pampa to N Rio Negro; it also follows along the Colorado and Black Rivers to Neuquen and S Mendoza). C. h. proteus Thomas, 1902 — subandean C Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis & N Mendoza). in Mephitidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C. h. humboldtii Gray, 1837 — Patagonia (Chile and Argentina) to the Strait of Magellan. C. h. castaneus d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1847 — C Argentina (S provinces of Buenos Aires & La Pampa to N Rio Negro; it also follows along the Colorado and Black Rivers to Neuquen and S Mendoza). C. h. proteus Thomas, 1902 — subandean C Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis & N Mendoza).
VCF for neutral data set in Harpagifer bispinis along the Magellan Province
<p>Quaternary glacial cycles shaped the current distribution of polar and cold-temperate biotas. In the Magellan province of South America, ice covering during the last glacial maximum radically altered the landscape/seascape, speciation rate, and the distribution of species. Here we studied nototheniid fishes <i>Harpagifer </i>spp. along the Magellan province reported as two nominal species: <i>H. bispinis</i> in Patagonia and <i>H. palliolatus</i>, endemic to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Previous molecular analyses in <i>Harpagifer</i> showed that the genus may have recently colonized southern South America ~ 1 million years ago. The extensive use in systematics of molecular markers to determine evolutionary units has been improved due to the advances in NGS. Combining traditional DNA sequences and non-targeted GBS-SNPs we evaluated both, the presence of effective evolutionary units and contemporary patterns of genetic structure across the Magellan province. DNA sequences consistently showed an absence of phylogeographic structure, with shared dominant haplotypes between nominal species, pointing towards the presence of a single evolutionary unit. In contrast, SNPs identified three groups in Patagonia, two located north and south of the Strait of Magellan, and a third well-differentiated one in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Connectivity analyses using SNPs suggest limited and asymmetric gene flow from Patagonia to the Falkland/Malvinas. Contrasting rough- and fine-scale genetic evolutionary patterns recorded in <i>Harpagifer</i> enhance the relevance in the use of combined methodologies for species delimitation analyses. Depending on the question to be addressed, we could discriminate among phylogeographic structure discarding incipient speciation, and contemporary spatial differentiation processes linked to drift-migration equilibrium models.</p>
VCF for neutral data set in Harpagifer bispinis along the Magellan Province
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Data from: The Magellanic Province and its fish fauna (South America): several provinces or one?
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