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9 results for “Male polyphenism”
A sexually-selected male weapon characterised by strong additive genetic variance and no evidence for sexually antagonistic polyphenic maintenance
<p><span>Sexual selection and sexual antagonism are important drivers of eco-evolutionary processes. The evolution of traits shaped by these processes depends on their genetic architecture, which remains poorly studied. Here, implementing a quantitative genetics approach using diallel crosses of the bulb mite, <em>Rhizoglyphus</em> <em>robini</em>, we investigated the genetic variance that underlies a sexually-selected weapon that is dimorphic among males and female fecundity. Previous studies indicated that a negative genetic correlation between these two traits likely exists. We found male morph showed considerable additive genetic variance, which is unlikely to be explained solely by mutation-selection balance, indicating the likely presence of large-effect loci. However, a significant magnitude of inbreeding depression also indicates that morph expression is likely to be condition-dependent to some degree and that deleterious recessives can simultaneously contribute to morph expression. Female fecundity also showed a high degree of inbreeding depression, but variance in female fecundity was mostly explained by epistatic effects, with very little contribution from additive effects. We found no significant genetic correlation, nor any evidence for dominance reversal, between male morph and female fecundity. The complex genetic architecture underlying male morph and female fecundity in this system has important implications for our understanding of the evolutionary interplay between purifying selection and sexually antagonistic selection.</span></p>
A sexually-selected male weapon characterised by strong additive genetic variance and no evidence for sexually antagonistic polyphenic maintenance
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Figure 5 in Consistent seasonal polyphenism in male genitalia of three Leptidea butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Figure 5. Between-species pairwise comparisons of phallus and saccus performed in form space using outlines (each representing the mean shape for the species).
Figure 2 in Consistent seasonal polyphenism in male genitalia of three Leptidea butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Figure 2. Box-plots depicting the size (centroid size) of genital structures at the interspecific (species) and intraspecific (generation) level, respectively. Abbreviations: J, L. juvernica; j1 and j2, L. juvernica first and second generation; R, L. reali; r1 and r2, L. reali first and second generation; S, L. sinapis; and s1, s2 and s3, L. sinapis first, second and third generation.
Figure 1 in Consistent seasonal polyphenism in male genitalia of three Leptidea butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Figure 1. Lateral view of Leptidea male genital structures: phallus (A), capsule (B), saccus (C) and uncus (D). Red circles indicate landmark locations (fixed landmarks are recognizable by the number from sliding semi-landmarks).
Data from: Developmental plasticity for male secondary sexual traits in a group of polyphenic tropical butterflies
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Figure 4 in Consistent seasonal polyphenism in male genitalia of three Leptidea butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Figure 4. Two-dimensional principal components scatterplots of genital structures in form space.
Data from: Paternal effects on the expression of a male polyphenism
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Figure 3 in Consistent seasonal polyphenism in male genitalia of three Leptidea butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Figure 3. Three-dimensional principal components scatterplots of genital structures in shape space. Outlines at the sides of scatterplots depict the mean shape for the species (black dots) vs. the grand mean shape (grey dots).
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