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5 results for “Mangrove encroachment”
Coastal Wetland Basal Consumer and End Member C-13 and N-15 Isotopic Ratios Across a Mangrove Encroachment Gradient, 2019
Foundation species support highly productive and valuable ecosystems, but anthropogenic disturbances and environmental changes are increasingly causing foundation species shifts, where one foundation species replaces another. The consequences of foundation shifts are not well understood, as there is limited research on the equivalency of different foundation species and the functions they support. Here, we provide insight into community-level consequences of foundation shifts in the Gulf of Mexico, where the typical marsh foundation species (Spartina alterniflora) is being replaced with a mangrove foundation species (Avicennia germinans), forcing marsh fauna to rely on Avicennia for foundational support. We evaluated the interactions of two common and ecologically valuable basal consumers, fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) and marsh periwinkle snails (Littoraria irrorata), with both foundation species across sites with different levels of mangrove encroachment. By investigating both physical support, measured as habitat association and co-occurrence, and trophic support, as basal resource diet contributions, we found that Avicennia can physically replace Spartina for some consumers, but is not providing equivalent trophic support. Uca and Littoraria commonly occupy encroached sites and associate with mangroves but incorporate almost no mangrove plant matter into their diets. The ultimate consequences of a foundation shift in the case of mangrove encroachment may include shifting energy flows and resource use and decreased populations of basal consumers. Looking at interactions with foundation species from multiple perspectives is necessary to obtain a complete picture of the effects that foundational shifts are having, especially as such shifts are becoming increasingly common.
Trophic interactions of fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) with black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) detrital matter as a result of mangrove encroachment; 2018 and 2019
Woody plant encroachment is reshaping communities in both terrestrial and coastal environments, but little is known about its effects on basal consumers. We used interactions between fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) and the encroaching mangrove Avicennia germinans in Gulf of Mexico salt marshes to explore trophic interactions between basal consumers and encroaching shrubs. Fiddler crabs were collected from wetlands in Galveston, Texas in summer 2018 and 2019 and used in a series of food preference and food quality trials. Through these trials we collected data on the relative attractiveness and quality of black mangroves and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) as food sources for fiddler crabs.
Effects of mangrove encroachment on tidal wetland plants and epifauna: 2012-2020
Woody encroachment is occurring in many marsh-mangrove ecotones across the globe, with multiple drivers contributing to an increase in mangrove cover. As a result, marsh plant species are often displaced, resulting in a striking regime shift from grass and forb-dominated habitats to taller, woody vegetation. Our goal was to quantify the bottom-up effects of mangrove woody encroachment into coastal wetlands on associated plant and epifaunal assemblages. In 2012, we established several large (> 20 ha) survey areas at tidal wetland sites with or without black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) on the Texas (USA) coast in the Gulf of Mexico, an area highly susceptible to mangrove encroachment. Starting in 2012, we annually recorded vascular plant cover and diversity and recorded snail (Littoraria irrorata) and fiddler crab (Uca spp.) density along transects perpendicular to the shoreline. Marsh plant species richness was 50% lower at sites with mangroves, and some species, such as Sarcocornia spp. and Distichlis spicata, were relatively rare or absent from sites with mangroves. The wetland plant communities at these sites were relatively unaffected by Hurricane Harvey (August 2017). Epifaunal snails and crabs were common at all sites, with abundances that varied over time. Our results indicate that coastal wetlands dominated by mangroves support different and lower diversity plant assemblages than marsh-dominated areas. These results were largely consistent with the results of a previous manipulative experiment in the same area. Therefore, as woody encroachment continues and mangrove cover gradually increases, this change may lead to complex bottom-up effects on a range of ecosystem processes and services.
Data from: Dynamics of marsh-mangrove ecotone since the mid-Holocene: a palynological study of mangrove encroachment and sea level rise in the Shark River Estuary, Florida
Sea level rise and the associated inland shift of the marsh-mangrove ecotone in south Florida have raised many scientific and management concerns in recent years. Holocene paleoecological records can provide an important baseline to shed light on the long-term dynamics of vegetation changes across this ecotone in the past, which is needed to predict the future. In this study, we present palynological, X-ray fluorescence, and loss-on ignition data from four sedimentary cores recovered from a 20-km marine-to-freshwater transect along the Shark River Estuary, southwest Everglades, to document the patterns and processes of coastal vegetation changes in response to sea level rise since the mid-Holocene. Our record indicates that freshwater marsh progressively replaced marl prairies at the Shark River Estuary between 5700 and 4400 cal yr BP. As marine transgression continued, marine influence reached the threshold necessary for mangroves to establish at the current mouth of the Shark River Slough at 3800 cal yr BP. During the next 3000 years, although sea level rise in the Western North Atlantic slowed down to 0.4 mm/yr, a spatial and temporal gradient was evident as the marsh-mangrove ecotone shifted inland by 20 km from 3800 to 800 cal yr BP, accompanied by a gradual landward replacement of freshwater marsh by mangrove forest. If sea level continues to rise at 2.33 mm/yr in the 21st century in south Florida, it is possible that marine influence will reach the threshold for mangroves to establish in the central Everglades, and we could expect a much more aggressive mangrove encroachment toward the northern and interior parts of south Florida in the next few centuries.
Data from: Dynamics of marsh-mangrove ecotone since the mid-Holocene: a palynological study of mangrove encroachment and sea level rise in the Shark River Estuary, Florida
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