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49 results for “Marasmiaceae”
Data from: The cacao pathogen Moniliophthora roreri (Marasmiaceae) possesses biallelic A and B mating loci but reproduces clonally
The cacao pathogen Moniliophthora roreri belongs to the mushroom-forming family Marasmiaceae, but it has never been observed to produce a fruiting body, which calls to question its capacity for sexual reproduction. In this study, we identified potential A (HD1 and HD2) and B (pheromone precursors and pheromone receptors) mating genes in M. roreri. A PCR-based method was subsequently devised to determine the mating type for a set of 47 isolates from across the geographic range of the fungus. We developed and generated an 11-marker microsatellite set and conducted association and linkage disequilibrium (standardized index of association, IAs) analyses. We also performed an ancestral reconstruction analysis to show that the ancestor of M. roreri is predicted to be heterothallic and tetrapolar, which together with sliding window analyses support that the A and B mating loci are likely unlinked and follow a tetrapolar organization within the genome. The A locus is composed of a pair of HD1 and HD2 genes, whereas the B locus consists of a paired pheromone precursor, Mr_Ph4, and receptor, STE3_Mr4. Two A and B alleles but only two mating types were identified. Association analyses divided isolates into two well-defined genetically distinct groups that correlate with their mating type; IAs values show high linkage disequilibrium as is expected in clonal reproduction. Interestingly, both mating types were found in South American isolates but only one mating type was found in Central American isolates, supporting a prior hypothesis of clonal dissemination throughout Central America after a single or very few introductions of the fungus from South America.
FIGURE 6 in A new crinipelloid species (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIGURE 6. Micromorphological characters of Moniliophthora pakistanica. G, H (KS-01, Holotype): G = Pileipellis hairs, H = Stipitipellis hairs. Scale Bars G, H = 10 μm. Drawings by: Aiman Izhar.
FIGURE 5 in A new crinipelloid species (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIGURE 5. Micromorphological characters of Moniliophthora pakistanica. A–F (KS-01, Holotype): A = Basidia, B = Basidiospores, C = Cheilocystidia, D = Pleurocystidia, E = Pileipellis hyphae, F = Stipitipellis hyphae. Scale Bars A–F = 10 μm. Drawings by: Aiman Izhar.
FIGURE 3 in A new crinipelloid species (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIGURE 3. Basidiomes of Moniliophthora pakistanica, A–C = KS-01 (Holotype), D–H = AG-127, Scale Bars A–E = 10 mm. Photos by: Aiman Izhar & Muhammad Asif.
FIGURE 2 in A new crinipelloid species (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogenetic placement of Moniliophthora pakistanica based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of nrLSU sequences.
FIGURE 4 in A new crinipelloid species (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIGURE 4. Micromorphological characters of Moniliophthora pakistanica. A–H (KS-01, Holotype): A = Basidia, B = Cheilocystidia, C, D = Pleurocystidia, E = Basidiospores, F = Hair like elements running through hymenium, G = Pileipellis hairs, H = Stipitipellis hairs. Scale Bars A–H = 10 μm. Photos by: Aiman Izhar.
FIGURE 5. a–i in Taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence reveal a new species and a new record of the genus Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) from Pakistan
FIGURE 5. a–i Microscopic features of Marasmius paratrichotus, a = Basidia, b = Basidiols, c = Basidiospores, = d = Cheilocystidia, e = Pileipellis Siccus-type broom cells, f = Pileipellis hyphae, g = Caulocystidia, h = Caulosetae, i = Stipitipellis hyphae. Scale bars: a–e = 5 µm, f = 3 µm, g–h = 5 µm, i = 3 µm. Photos by: Fazli Maula.
FIGURE 3. a–n in Taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence reveal a new species and a new record of the genus Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) from Pakistan
FIGURE 3. a–n Microscopic features of Marasmius pakistanicus (Holotype; LAH38018) a–c = Basidia, d = Basidiols, e = Basidiospores, f–i = Cheilocystidia, j–l = Pileipellis Siccus-type broom cells, m = Pileipellis hyphae n = Stipitipellis hyphae. Scale bars: a–l = 5 µm, m–n = 3 µm. Photos by: Muhammad Asif.
FIGURE 4. a–d in Taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence reveal a new species and a new record of the genus Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) from Pakistan
FIGURE 4. a–d Basidiomata of Marasmius parartrichotus (a,b LAH38031; c,d LAH38032); e Habitat; Scale bars a–d = 3 mm. Photos by: Fazli Maula.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence reveal a new species and a new record of the genus Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) from Pakistan
FIGURE 1. Molecular phylogenetic placement of Marasmius species based on maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods of combined ITS-28S sequences. Newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold and different colors.
FIGURE 2. a–f in Taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence reveal a new species and a new record of the genus Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) from Pakistan
FIGURE 2. a–f Basidiomata of Marasmius pakistanicus (Holotype; LAH38018); g Habitat; Scale bars a–f = 3 mm. Photos by: Muhammad Asif.
FIGURE 7. A in Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
FIGURE 7. A variety of cells forming the pileipellis of Marasmius horridulus. Scale bar: 10 μm. Illustrated by D.L. Komura.
FIGURE 3 in Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
FIGURE 3. Marasmius calvocystidiatus (DLK1516–holotype). A. Transversal section of the pileus. B. Transversal section of the lamellae, in Melzer's reagent. C. Cheilocystidia, D. Basidia layer with spores. E. Pileocystidia. F. Hyphae of the context. G. Transversal section from the stipe. Scale bars: C, E, F, G = 20 μm. Photos by D.L. Komura.
FIGURE 6. Marasmius horridulus. A. Basidiospores. B. Basidioles. C. Cheilocystidia. D in Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
FIGURE 6. Marasmius horridulus. A. Basidiospores. B. Basidioles. C. Cheilocystidia. D. Short, cystidioid hairs in the pileipellis. E. Long, complete hair. F. Hairs tips in detail. Scale bars: A = 8 μm. B, C = 7 μm. D, F = 10 μm. E = 100 μm. Illustrated by D.L. Komura.
FIGURE 5. Marasmius horridulus. A in Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
FIGURE 5. Marasmius horridulus. A. Basidiomata of the holotype. A1. Detail of the lamellae. B. Basidiomata of DLK917. B1. Hairy pileus. B2. Lamellae attached to collar. Scale bars: A, B = 3 mm. A1, B1, B2 = 1.5 mm. Photos by D.L. Komura.
FIGURE 2 in Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
FIGURE 2. Marasmius calvocystidiatus (DLK1516–holotype). A. Basidiomata on leaves. B. Collariate lamellae. C. Detail of the papillate pileus. D. Basidiomata. E. Detail of the collar. F. Base of stipe and initial stage of basidiomata growth (black arrow). Scale bars: A = 5 mm. B, C = 1.8 mm. D = 6 mm. E = 1 mm. F = 4 mm. Photos by D.L. Komura.
FIGURE 1. 50 in Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
FIGURE 1. 50 % majority-rule consensus trees via Bayesian analysis of three ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) datasets: A. TREE A from DATASET A; B. TREE B from DATASET B; C. TREE C from DATASET C. Support values (≥ 0.95 of posterior probability and ≥ 70 % bootstrap of maximum likelihood) are assigned to the correspondent, significantly supported clades. Highly supported stems are bold and black while moderately supported ones are bold and grey. Scale bar value indicates nucleotide substitutions/site. Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov.
FIGURE 4 in Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
FIGURE 4. Marasmius calvocystidiatus (DLK1516–holotype). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidium and basidioles. C. Cheilocystidia. D. Pileocystidia. Scale bars: A = 7 μm. B, C, D = 10 μm. Illustrated by D.L. Komura.
FIGURE 3 in Trogia benghalensis (Marasmiaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species from India
FIGURE 3. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood (RAxML) analysis using a GTR+I+G model of nucleotide substitution (-lnL = 9257.028122) based on nrITS sequence data. Numbers to the left of / are Maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLBS) support, and those to the right indicate the Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP, in bold). MLBS values ≥ 50% and PP> 0.50 are shown. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. The newly generated sequences are indicated by an asterisk (*), and the newly described taxon is placed in bold font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree. GenBank accession numbers for all of the sequences are provided in the tree with their country of origin.
FIGURE 2 in Trogia benghalensis (Marasmiaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species from India
FIGURE 2. Microscopic features of Trogia benghalensis (CUH AM031, holotype). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia and basidioles; c. Cheilocystidia; d. Hyphal arrangement in the pileipellis. Scale Bars: a–c = 5 μm; d = 10 μm.
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