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80 results for “Margaritifera margaritifera”
Data from: Growth and longevity of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera): Implications for conservation and management
<p>Key life-history data, such as growth and age, are necessary to effectively manage and conserve threatened freshwater mussel species. Traditionally growth and age studies require large yet destructive sample sizes covering all age classes. Such methods pose a risk to populations of conservation concern, and therefore alternative methods that need only limited sample sizes are necessitated to prevent further threats to such populations. We applied retrospective shell growth at age reconstructions to 98 critically endangered freshwater pearl mussel (FPM) individuals from 34 populations across Finland and Sweden, enabling the use of extremely small sample sizes (n = 1–6 per population). We compared the performance of six different growth models with the reconstructed size-at-age data across FPM juvenile (<20 years old) and adult life stages. The growth reconstruction model showed reasonable skill in reconstructing FPM growth patterns. The von Bertalanffy model was shown to be a good general descriptor of growth for FPM, but it systematically underestimated the asymptotic size. The power law model was the most accurate in estimating juvenile growth (lowest deviances from the size-at-age data). FPM showed great variability in longevity (A<sub>max</sub> = 54–254 years) and growth constant k (0.018– 0.057 year<sup>-1</sup>). Our results show that reasonable estimates of growth can be attained even when sample sizes are extremely limited. The results can be further applied to gain knowledge on the population's age structure, size at maturation, and recovery potential. The methodology is applicable to other freshwater mussel species of conservation concern.</p>
23E. Rhinella margaritifera. Male.Triunfo, Bolivar.This population could represent R in Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation
23E. Rhinella margaritifera. Male.Triunfo, Bolivar.This population could represent R. martyi. Photo: César Barrio-Amorós.
Data from: Exploring thermal tolerance across time and space in a tropical bivalve, Pinctada margaritifera
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Growth and longevity of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera): Implications for conservation and management
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Shell size of Margaritifera margaritifera from NW Spain
<p>Excel file including data on shell length, heigth and width for 803 individuals of Margaritifera margaritifera from rivers in NW Spain</p>
FIGURE 6 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti 1768) species group (Anura Bufonidae) from southern Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 6. Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) variation in the type-series of Rhinella parecis sp. nov. Scale bar = 10mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti 1768) species group (Anura Bufonidae) from southern Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 5. Adult specimens of Rhinella parecis sp. nov. in life. A) Holotype, adult male (UFMT-A 13716); B) Adult male (UFMT-A 13698); C) Adult female (UFMT-A 18718); D) Adult male (UFMT-A 18735). Photos by D. H. Morais (A, B) and R. W. Ávila (C, D).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti 1768) species group (Anura Bufonidae) from southern Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 4. Holotype of Rhinella parecis sp. nov. (UFMT-A13716): Above—Dorsal and Ventral views; Below -Head in lateral view, right hand and right foot in ventral view. Scale bars = 10mm.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti 1768) species group (Anura Bufonidae) from southern Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Rhinella parecis sp. nov. in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia (left) with location in South America (right). Star represents the type locality and circles represent other collecting sites.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti 1768) species group (Anura Bufonidae) from southern Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 3. Discriminant function analysis between morphological variables of males (A) and females (B) from species of the Rhinella margaritifera group with low cranial crests. Purple triangles—R. castaneotica, Green circles—R. magnussoni, Blue diamonds—R. proboscidea, and Red squares—Candidate species studied and described herein.
Data from: A parallel population genomic and hydrodynamic approach to fishery management of highly-dispersive marine invertebrates: the case of the Fijian black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Fishery management and conservation of marine species increasingly relies on genetic data to delineate biologically relevant stock boundaries. Unfortunately for high gene flow species which may display low, but statistically significant population structure, there is no clear consensus on the level of differentiation required to resolve distinct stocks. The use of fine-scale neutral and adaptive variation, considered together with environmental data can offer additional insights to this problem. Genome-wide genetic data (4,123 SNPs), together with an independent hydrodynamic particle dispersal model were used to inform farm and fishery management in the Fijian black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, where comprehensive fishery management is lacking, and the sustainability of exploitation uncertain. Weak fine-scale patterns of population structure were detected, indicative of broad-scale panmixia among wild oysters, while a hatchery-sourced farmed population exhibited a higher degree of genetic divergence (Fst = 0.0850–0.102). This hatchery-produced population had also experienced a bottleneck (NeLD = 5.1; 95% C.I. = [5.1–5.3]); compared to infinite NeLD estimates for all wild oysters. Simulation of larval transport pathways confirmed the existence of broad-scale mixture by surface ocean currents, correlating well with fine-scale patterns of population structuring. Fst outlier tests failed to detect large numbers of loci supportive of selection, with 2–5 directional outlier SNPs identified (average Fst = 0.116). The lack of biologically significant population genetic structure, absence of evidence for local adaptation and larval dispersal simulation, all indicate the existence of a single genetic stock of P. margaritifera in the Fiji Islands. This approach using independent genomic and oceanographic tools has allowed fundamental insights into stock structure in this species, with transferability to other highly-dispersive marine taxa for their conservation and management.
Data from: Crossing phenotype heritability and candidate gene expression in grafted black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, an animal chimera
Grafting mantle tissue of a donor pearl oyster into the gonad of a recipient oyster results in the formation of a chimera, the pearl sac. The phenotypic variations of this chimera are hypothesized to be the result of interactions between the donor and recipient genomes. In this study, the heritability of phenotypic variation and its association with gene expression were investigated for the first time during P. margaritifera pearl production. Genetic variance was evaluated at different levels, 1) before the graft operation (expression in graft tissue), 2) after grafting (pearl sac tissue expression in chimera) and 3) on the product of the graft (pearl phenotype traits) based on controlled bi-parental crosses and the F1 generation. Donor related genetic parameter estimates clearly demonstrate heritability for nacre weight and thickness, darkness and colour, surface defects and grade, which signifies a genetic basis in the donor oyster. In graft relative gene expression, the value of heritability was superior to 0.20 in for almost all genes, while in pearl sac, heritability estimates were low (h² < 0.10) (except for CALC1 and Aspein). Pearl sac expression seems to be more influenced by residual variance than the graft, which can be explained by environmental effects that influence pearls sac gene expression and act as a recipient additive genetic component. The interactions between donor and recipient are very complex and further research is required to understand the role of the recipient oysters on pearl phenotypic and gene expression variances.
Data from: Translocation of wild populations: conservation implications for the genetic diversity of the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Translocation has been widely studied as a tool for conservation management to restore or enhance degraded populations. On the contrary few studies have been conducted on translocation for commercial purposes. In this study we evaluate the genetic consequences of translocation of wild individuals of Pinctada margaritifera on farmed and adjacent wild populations. We tested the hypotheses that translocations would induce high genetic heterogeneity in farmed populations and this heterogeneity would then leak into the adjacent wild populations. In fact, farmed samples exhibit high levels of heterogeneity and low pairwise relatedness compared to wild populations, highlighting the pooling of genetically divergent populations into farms. We also demonstrate that this heterogeneity is transmitted to adjacent wild populations as a result of interbreeding. Adjacent wild populations tend to have higher genetic diversity values and greater pairwise relatedness coefficient with farmed populations than wild populations. Overall pearl culture in French Polynesia promotes the mixing of unrelated individuals in farmed locations and reduces genetic divergence among geographically distant populations as well as among farmed and wild populations of a same lagoon. We also studied for the first time, a farmed population originating from spat collected in a lagoon where release of hatchery produced larvae occurred ten year ago and we were able to identify four distinct genetic groups. These groups contribute highly to reproduction and caused considerable genetic drift in the lagoon, suggesting that hatchery produced larvae are neither sustainable method for pearl culture nor for conserving the diversity of P. margaritifera in French Polynesia.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Pantanal
FIGURE 7. Geographical distribution map of Rhinella paraguayensis sp. nov (triangles) and R. scitula (circles). Star = type locality of Rhinella paraguayensis sp. nov and square = type locality of R. scitula.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Pantanal
FIGURE 6. Mean monthly discharges of the Paraguay River near Acurizal Ranch from 1968–2003, in the western border of the Brazilian Pantanal. Bar indicates the calling period based on our observations. Data were taken from ANA – Agência Nacional de Águas. Sistema de Informações Hidrológicas. Available at http://hidroweb.ana.gov.br/. Accessed 25 May 2009.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Pantanal
FIGURE 4. Oscillogram (A–B) and audio spectrogram (C) of the advertisement calls of Rhinella paraguayensis sp. nov. (UFMT 7430), recorded on 15 May 2001 in the Parque Nacional do Pantanal, Poconé municipality, Mato Grosso state, Brazil (18:00 h, air temperature 21,5ºC).
FIGURE 2. A in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Pantanal
FIGURE 2. A) living male of Rhinella paraguayensis sp. nov. observed at Paraguay river margin in 22 December 2006. Photo by Robson W. Ávila; B) living male of Rhinella scitula collected at Serra da Bodoquena. Photo by Masao Uetanabaro; C) preserved specimens of Rhinella paraguayensis sp. nov. (right) and Rhinella scitula (left).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Pantanal
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Rhinella paraguayensis sp. nov. (UFMT 7430): A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile of head; D. ventral view of right hand; E.ventral view of right foot.
FIGURE 5. A in A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Pantanal
FIGURE 5. A. General view of a riparian system along the margins of the Paraguay River near Acurizal Ranch (17°49'51" S; 57°33'06" W), in the western border of the Brazilian Pantanal, Poconé municipality, Mato Grosso state. This kind of riparian system, formed by gallery forests and dense stands of macrophytes anchored along the margins of river, is used by individuals of Rhinella paraguayensis sp. nov. as a reproductive site, in the peak of the dry season.
FIGURE 4 in The identity of Rana margaritifera Laurenti, 1768 (Anura, Bufonidae)
FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color patterns of Rhinella margaritifera. (A) MNRJ 71538, Humaitá, neotype. (B) MNRJ 71539, Humaitá. (C) MNRJ 28674 Humaitá–Porto Velho Road. (D) MNRJ 71549, Humaitá. (E) MNRJ 71553, Humaitá. (F) MNRJ 71551, Humaitá. (G) MNRJ 71547, Humaitá. (H) MNRJ 71548, Humaitá. (I) MNRJ 28673, Humaitá–Porto Velho Road. (J) MNRJ 71552, Humaitá. (K) MNRJ 71550, Humaitá. (L) MNRJ 28675, Humaitá–Porto Velho Road.
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