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12,393 results for “Material”
Dataset of "Thermal Stability of Valuable Metals in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials: Temperature Range 100-400 °C"
<p>Lithium is crucial in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), serving as a main component of the electrolyte and cathode. Elements such as cobalt, nickel, and manganese are also vital for high performance, energy density, and stability. This study aimed to examine the behaviour of end- of-life cathode material (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2) and its valuable metals after exposure to temperatures between 100 and 400 °C, comparing it with untreated material. The lithium content cannot be reliably determined by conventional analytical methods, so inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was chosen for this purpose. For ICP-OES measurements, samples were dissolved in different solvents for a specified time, and the concentrations of lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt were measured. From the measured values, their theoretical yields were calculated. Due to the annealing at given temperatures and subsequent dissolution, this step can be considered as the first stage of the pyrometallurgical- hydrometallurgical process used in battery recycling. The study was complemented by further analyses to monitor the effect of annealing temperatures on the properties of the material. Based on the results, it was found that the highest theoretical yield in this temperature range was for material annealed at 400 °C and dissolved in 20% nitric acid for 4 hours.</p>
Supplementary Material to article "Molecular Diversity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany)"
<p>These data (supplementary material) belong to the publication "Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany)". The study determined the diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) isolated from four goat herds affected by paratuberculosis in Thuringia (Germany), as well as the detailed distribution of MAP genotypes among the animals and their environment in one herd (herd 1). A combination of three methods was used to genotype isolates from fecal samples of infected goats, from various intestinal and other tissues of clinically affected goats, and from environmental samples. The six MAP-C genotypes identified could be assigned to five different phylogenetic subgroups. The results suggest individual infection strains within each herd. In herd 1, one predominant strain was found, and two strains occurred sporadically. The identified genotypes were not goat specific.</p>
Detecting repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault with unsupervised machine-learning of spectrograms (supplementary material)
<p>Supplementary material for Sawi et al., 2023, <i>Detecting repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault with unsupervised machine-learning of spectrograms </i>(The Seismic Record). Catalog of repeating earthquakes in sequences on a 10-km long segment of the San Andreas Fault in California from 1984-2019. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Catalog Header</strong></p><p>YR/MO/DY...........Date of event</p><p>HR/MN/SC...........Time of event</p><p>LAT/LON/DEP........Location of event</p><p>EX/EY/EZ...........Relative location uncertainty (in m)</p><p>MAG................NCSN magnitude</p><p>evID.................NCSN event ID</p><p>seqID................Repeating earthquake sequence ID</p><p>isRESp............Is quasi-periodic RES (bool)</p><p> </p><p><strong>References: </strong></p><p>Sawi T., Waldhauser F., Holtzman B. K., Groebner, N. (2023) Detecting repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault with unsupervised machine-learning of spectrograms. The Seismic Record. </p><p>Waldhauser, F., and Schaff, D. P. (2021). A Comprehensive Search for Repeating Earthquakes in Northern California: Implications for Fault Creep, Slip Rates, Slip Partitioning, and Transient Stress. J Geophys Res B Solid Earth, 126(11), 1–22. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022495">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022495</a></p>
Dataset for "The influence of the amount of recycled material on the microstructure and properties of the second generation of single-domain YBCO bulks"
<p>The development of a recycling process for various REBCO materials is crucial considering both environmental sustainability and economic efficiency, particularly in light of the upcoming large-scale applications. In this paper, a novel general recycling process based on chemical dissolution was employed to grow REBCO bulks; recycled material obtained by recycling defective YBCO single-domain bulks was added (15 wt. %, 30 wt. % and 45 wt. %) to raw materials to prepare recycled YBCO precursor powder. Subsequently, recycled single-domain YBCO bulks were produced using Top-Seeded Melt Growth. The waste recycling related to of single-domain bulks growth was chosen, as it represents the most challenging form of waste in the context of REBCO superconductor production. The properties and microstructure of recycled bulks were further analyzed to determine the influence of the amount of recycled material used and compared to commercially produced bulks. Single-domain YBCO bulks were grown successfully from the recycled precursor powder. Furthermore, it was found that their properties could be tuned by varying the amount of the added recycled powder, allowing the use of vast amounts of REBCO waste for the preparation of bulks, when achieving the best possible properties is not essential for a given application. Given that the underlying recycling process is designed to work for all REBCO systems and any form of waste, it has significant implications for the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of REBCO superconductor production. </p>
Microbial narrow-escape is facilitated by wall interactions: Simulation Supplementary material
<p>Simulation codes and simulation results for the paper "Microbial narrow-escape is facilitated by wall interactions".</p>
Biomass Domestic Material Consumption by Country and over Time
<p>Biomass domestic material consumption in thousand tons, and tons per capita for European countries.</p> <p>Our dataset has a 10.4% larger congruent dataset (to be used in various supervised or unsupervised learning models, such as machine learning) than the original Eurostat dataset after imputation, backcasting, forecasting. It has overall 18% more observations after processing than the dataset at source. </p>
Updating Möller – Teil 2 (supplementary material)
<p>Supplementary material for blog post <a href="http://aku.hypotheses.org/412">Updating Möller – Teil 2</a>. It contains a CSV file with a concordance of sigla used in Möller, Georg. 1927. <em>Hieratische Paläographie. Die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit: II. Von der Zeit Thutmosis’ III bis zum Ende der einundzwanzigsten Dynastie</em>. 2. Aufl. Leipzig: Hinrichs. The column names of the header are “Spalte”, “Sigle” and “Identifizierung“.</p>
Updating Möller – Teil 1 (supplementary material)
<p>Supplementary material for blog post <a href="https://aku.hypotheses.org/64">Updating Möller – Teil 1</a>. It contains a CSV file with a concordance of sigla used in Möller, Georg. 1927. Hieratische Paläographie. Die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit I. Bis zum Beginn der Achtzehnten Dynastie. 2. Aufl. Leipzig: Hinrichs. The column names of the header are “Spalte”, “Sigle” and “Identifizierung“.</p> <p><strong>Version 1.2.0</strong><strong>:</strong> Updated sigla in column “Sinuhe”.</p>
German image spectral library of urban surface materials
<p>The German image spectral library consists of 5102 labelled image spectra of urban surface materials covering the spectral wavelength range between 455 nm and 2449 nm. The spectra have been extracted from high resolution imaging spectroscopy data (HyMap) acquired over the German cities of Dresden (18/05/1999, 01/08/2000, 20/07/2003), Potsdam (18/05/1999) and Munich (17/06/2007, 25/06/2007). This image data package ensures the collection of the most typical urban surface materials including their variations due to different illumination, alteration, observation conditions, regional specifications and data processing characteristics.</p> <p>The collection was done in two main steps: (1) manual collection of spectrally pure urban surface material pixels from the Dresden and Potsdam data sets including additional information, such as the results of field investigations, a field spectral library and color infrared aerial imagery (Heiden et al., 2007 ) and subsequent reduction for redundant pixel spectra; (2) spectral dissimilarity analysis to include and label meaningful unknow spectra from the Munich data set (Jilge et al. 2017 ). </p> <p>The image spectra are labelled based on three sets of spectra labels: one for EAGLE land cover (EAGLE_LCC, consult the “Explanatory Documentation of the EAGLE Concept” from the Copernicus Land website) , one for generalized material groupings (GENLIB_LCH_BuC_MG) and one for more detailed artificial material type (GENLIB_LCH_BuC_AMT).</p> <p>While every effort was made to ensure accurate information, this data set is presented "as is" without warranties of any kind. The authors accept no liability or responsibility to any person as a consequence of any reliance upon the data presented here. The user assumes all responsibility and risk for the use of this data.</p>
Urban material ground truth data for the 2007 HyMap hyperspectral image of Munich
<p><span>This dataset entails a spectral library file (.sli file with matching .hdr text file) with 12028 labeled spectra derived from the 4m resolution airborne hyperspectral HyMap image of Munich (Germany) that was acquired during the summer of 2007 (June 17 and 25 2007). The labeled image spectra are retrieved from pixels of the HyMap dataset that has been processed to level 2A surface reflectance in 119 bands ranging between the wavelengths of 455 nm and 2496 nm. The preprocessing performed on this image data is explained in Heldens et al. (2008) and Heiden et al. (2012). See the "Related works" section of this data publication.</span></p> <p><span>The ground truth (GT) data have been used in previous research (again, see the "Related works" section) and they were likewise used for the remote sensing-based mapping experiments with a generic urban spectral library performed in the frame of the GENLIB research project. The data set contains reflectance spectra of typical urban surface materials and their spectral variations.</span></p> <p><span>The spectra included in this dataset were sampled from the above mentioned HyMap image by (1) using the methodology described in Jilge et al. (2017) and (2) through the delineation of manually digitized regions of interest. The image spectra are <span> </span>labeled based on the method mentioned above and using ancillary reference data, already published urban spectral libraries, terrain knowledge and some field work. The header of the spectral library contains the various labels that were added to the image spectra. These labels cover:</span></p> <ul> <li><span>EAGLE Land Cover Component (LCC) from the EAGLE matrix version 3.1. Visit the </span><span><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/eagle" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>website of the EAGLE framework</span></a></span><span> for more information.</span></li> <li><span>Material Groups (MG).</span></li> <li><span>Artificial Material Types (AMT).</span></li> </ul> <p><span>The value domains of these spectrum attributes are described in the look-up table included as a CSV-file in this data publication.</span></p> <p><span>While considerable efforts have been made to safeguard the accuracy of these data, they are published as is, without any warranty or support. Use at your own discretion.</span></p>
The MAT_STOCKS database: economy-wide material flows and material stock dynamics around the world
<p>Material stocks of buildings, infrastructure, machinery and other short-lived products form the biophysical basis of production and consumption. They are a crucial lever for resource efficiency and a sustainable circular economy, and for climate change mitigation. Here, we provide a global, country-level database of national-level material stocks differentiated by four end-uses and four summary material groups, for 177 countries from 1900 to 2016.</p> <p>This MAT_STOCKS database is derived from the economy-wide, dynamic, inflow-driven stock-flow model of Material Inputs, Stocks and Outputs (<em>MISO2) </em>(Wiedenhofer et al. 2024)<em>. </em>MISO2 covers 14 supply chain processes from raw material extraction to processing, trade, recycling and waste management, as well as 13 end-use types of stocks. Further information on the model and its system definition, as well as the model input data and assumptions and data processing procedures can be found in the accompanying peer-reviewed publication. The model code and exemplary input data can be found in the GitHub repository. </p> <p><strong>The MAT_STOCKS database version 1.0 </strong>provided here is summarized from the more detailed modeling presented in (Wiedenhofer et al. 2024). The dataset here gives:</p> <ul> <li>Material stocks by 4 main end-uses: buildings, infrastructure, machinery and other short-lived products (summarized from 13 detailed end-uses modeled) (S_10)</li> <li>Material stocks and flows by 4 main material groupings: biomass, non-metallic minerals, metals, as well as fossil-fuels derived materials (summarized from 23 raw materials and 20 stock-building materials modeled)</li> <li>Flows: Gross Additions to Stocks (F_9_10) and End-of-Life/Waste potentials (F_10_11)</li> <li>177 countries</li> <li>1900 to 2016 </li> </ul> <p>All units in kilotons. Paramter names are in accordance with the system definition given in the publication.</p> <p>Additionally, this repository includes all data presented in the figures of the related journal article.</p> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <p>This dataset complements the following scientific article:</p> <p>Wiedenhofer, Dominik and Streeck, Jan and Wieland, Hanspeter and Grammer, Benedikt and Baumgart, Andre and Plank, Barbara and Helbig, Christoph and Pauliuk, Stefan and Haberl, Helmut and Krausmann, Fridolin, From Extraction to End-uses and Waste Management: Modelling Economy-wide Material Cycles and Stock Dynamics Around the World (2024). Journal of Industrial Ecology, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13575">https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13575</a></p> <p>The model code and its documentation are available on Github and Zenodo (see links below). For further information please see the publications. You can also contact Dominik Wiedenhofer <a href="mailto:dominik.wiedenhofer@boku.ac.at">dominik.wiedenhofer(a)boku.ac.at</a> and visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project: <em>MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society.</em></p> <p><strong>Funding</strong></p> <p>This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950), and the European Union's Horizon Europe programme (CircEUlar, grant agreement No 101056810). Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or granting authorities.<br><br></p>
Correspondence of the natural oscillation frequencies of perforated plates depending on the type of holes, plate material and thickness, type of fixing (CCCS or CSCS)
<p>The method involved the analysis of oscillations of base plates: solid non-perforated and with round holes, as well as perforated plates with holes of complex geometry in the form of a five-petal epicycloid.</p> <p>As a result of the modeling (Abaqus), the natural oscillations frequencies of the studied plates were obtained depending on the type of perforation, material, thickness and type of their fixing. The use of different materials (steel and aluminium) showed an insignificant influence on the natural oscillation frequency of the plates. It was found that the plate thickness has the greatest influence (31.85– 33.35%), the following are the hole parameters: partition width between holes; pitch between hole centers.</p> <p>Analysis of the results showed that the natural vibrations of plates with holes of complex geometry differ by up to 7% compared to plates with basic round holes. </p>
Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Potentiates Consolidation of Conditioned Fear (Open Data and Open Materials)
<p><strong>Open Data and Open Materials of: Sperl, M. F. J., Panitz, C., Skoluda, N., Nater, U. M., Pizzagalli, D. A., Hermann, C., & Mueller, E. M. (2022). Alpha-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine potentiates consolidation of conditioned fear. <em>International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology</em>, 25(9), 759–773.</strong></p> <p><em>Background:</em> Hyperconsolidation of aversive associations and poor extinction learning have been hypothesized to be crucial in the acquisition of pathological fear. Previous animal and human research points to the potential role of the catecholaminergic system, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, in acquiring emotional memories. Here, we investigated in a between-participants design with 3 groups whether the noradrenergic alpha-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine and the dopaminergic D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride modulate long-term fear conditioning and extinction in humans.<br><em>Methods:</em> Fifty-five healthy male students were recruited. The final sample consisted of n = 51 participants who were explicitly aware of the contingencies between conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli after fear acquisition. The participants were then randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups and received either yohimbine (10 mg, n = 17), sulpiride (200 mg, n = 16), or placebo (n = 18) between fear acquisition and extinction. Recall of conditioned (non-extinguished CS+ vs CS−) and extinguished fear (extinguished CS+ vs CS−) was assessed 1 day later, and a 64-channel electroencephalogram was recorded.<br><em>Results:</em> The yohimbine group showed increased salivary alpha-amylase activity, confirming a successful manipulation of central noradrenergic release. Elevated fear-conditioned bradycardia and larger differential amplitudes of the N170 and late positive potential components in the event-related brain potential indicated that yohimbine treatment (compared with a placebo and sulpiride) enhanced fear recall during day 2.<br><em>Conclusions:</em> These results suggest that yohimbine potentiates cardiac and central electrophysiological signatures of fear memory consolidation. They thereby elucidate the key role of noradrenaline in strengthening the consolidation of conditioned fear associations, which may be a key mechanism in the etiology of fear-related disorders.</p>
Geochemical characterization and material properties of coastal permafrost near Drew Point, Alaska
Permafrost cores (4.5-7.5 m long) were collected April 10th-19th, 2018, along a geomorphic gradient near Drew Point, Alaska to characterize active layer and permafrost geochemistry and material properties. Cores were collected from a young drained lake basin, an ancient drained lake basin, and primary surface that has not been reworked by thaw lake cycles. Measurements of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) and radiocarbon (14C) analyses of bulk soils/sediments were conducted on 45 samples from 3 permafrost cores. Porewaters were extracted from these same core sections and used to measure salinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), anion (Cl-, Br-, SO4 2-, NO3 -), and trace metal (Ca, Mn, Al, Ba, Sr, Si, and Fe) concentrations. Radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) was measured on a subset of porewater samples. Cores were also sampled for material property measurements such as dry bulk density, water content, and grain size fractions.
Biomarker assessment of spatial and temporal changes in the composition of flocculent material (floc) in the subtropical wetland of the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) from May 2007 to December 2009
Flocculent material (floc) is an important energy source in wetlands. In the Florida Everglades, floc is present in both freshwater marshes and coastal environments and plays a key role in food webs and nutrient cycling. However, not much is known about its environmental dynamics, in particular its biological sources and bio-reactivity. We analysed floc samples collected from different environments in the Florida Everglades and applied biomarkers and pigment chemotaxonomy to identify spatial and seasonal differences in organic matter sources. An attempt was made to link floc composition with algal and plant productivity. Spatial differences were observed between freshwater marsh and estuarine floc. Freshwater floc receives organic matter inputs from local periphyton mats, as indicated by microbial biomarkers and chlorophyll-a estimates. At the estuarine sites, the floc is dominated by mangrove as well as diatom inputs from the marine end-member. The hydroperiod (duration and depth of inundation) at the freshwater sites influences floc organic matter preservation, where the floc at the short-hydroperiod site is more oxidised likely due to periodic dry-down conditions. Seasonal differences in floc composition were not consistent and the few that were observed are likely linked to the primary productivity of the dominant biomass (periphyton in the freshwater marshes and mangroves in the estuarine zone). Molecular evidence for hydrological transport of floc material from the freshwater marshes to the coastal fringe was also observed. With the on-going restoration of the Florida Everglades, it is important to gain a better understanding of the biogeochemical dynamics of floc, including its sources, transformations and reactivity.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Material legacy disturbance type model; data for Kopecky et al., 2023 Ecology
This data package contains the code necessary to create a mathematical model of coral reef recovery dynamics following different types and intensities of disturbances that either remove dead coral skeletons (e.g., tropical storms) or leave standing dead skeletons (e.g., coral bleaching) and run associated analyses. We explored the sensitivity of the model to variation in key parameters, such as the strength of herbivory, and the degree to which dead skeletons protect algae from herbivory. Further, we assessed disturbance intensities and values of these parameters that lead to shifts between coral and macroalgae-dominated reefs. This code was published in Ecology and were a part of the thesis of K. Kopecky (2023). Analyses and full methods descriptions of this model can be found in the manuscript “Material legacies can degrade resilience: Structure-retaining disturbances promote regime shifts on coral reefs” (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4006). No novel data were used or generated in this study. This manuscript uses data collected by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (MCR LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2224354 (and earlier awards). Additional financial support to the MCR LTER site was provided through a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2023).
Supplementary Material for A Global Analysis of Dark Matter Signals from 27 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies using 11 Years of Fermi-LAT Observations
<p><strong>Description of the Supplementary Data</strong></p> <p>This record contains tabulated Bayesian and frequentist exclusion limits, profile likelihood maps and posterior probability maps for the publication S. Hoof, A. Geringer-Sameth, and R. Trotta, “<i>A Global Analysis of Dark Matter Signals from 27 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies using 11 Years of Fermi-LAT Observations</i>,” <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/02/012">JCAP 02 (2020) 012</a> (also available on the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.06986">arXiv</a>). The dwarf spheroidal galaxies considered in this work are (in alphabetical order): Aquarius II, Boötes I, Canes Venatici I, Canes Venatici II, Carina, Carina II, Coma Berenices, Draco, Draco II, Fornax, Grus I, Hercules, Horologium I, Leo I, Leo II, Leo IV, Leo V, Pegasus III, Pisces II, Reticulum II, Sculptor, Segue 1, Sextans, Tucana II, Ursa Major I, Ursa Major II, and Ursa Minor.</p> <p>This record consists of the following files, which correspond to the limits presented Figures 9 and 10 of the paper. The files can be downloaded individually or obtained by downloading and unpacking the <code>record_2612268.zip</code>. In what follows,<code><strong>[CHANNEL]</strong></code> refers to the annihilation channel used, i.e. <i>e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>-</sup></i>, <i>μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>-</sup></i>, <i>τ<sup>+</sup> τ<sup>-</sup></i>, <i>b b̄</i>, <i>c c̄</i>, <i>t t̄</i>, <i>g g</i>, <i>W<sup>+</sup> W<sup>-</sup></i>, and <i>Z Z</i>. We also provide a simple plotting script for <code>Python</code>, named <code>plotting_script.py</code>, which provides basic plotting routines for all files.</p> <ul> <li>One-dimensional limits on <i><σ v></i>. The files <code>oneD_frequentist_limits_<strong>[CHANNEL]</strong>_channel.txt</code> contain the frequentist limits (at 95% confidence level, 1 degree of freedom) given the value of the WIMP mass <i>m<sub>χ</sub></i> tabulated there. The files <code>oneD_Bayesian_limits_<strong>[CHANNEL]</strong>_channel.txt</code> contain the Bayesian limit (95% credibility conditioned on the mass <i>m<sub>χ</sub></i> tabulated there).</li> <li>Two-dimensional grid of profile likelihood values. The files <code>twoD_profile_likelihood_map_<strong>[CHANNEL]</strong>_channel.txt</code> contain the natural logarithm of the profile likelihood w.r.t. the global best-fit likelihood value for that channel together with the corresponding values of <i>m<sub>χ</sub></i> and <i><σ v></i>. Note that for obtaining the limits in Fig. 10, which are conditioned on the WIMP mass, one needs to rescale the profile likelihood values with the maximum profile likelihood for a given WIMP mass.</li> <li>Two-dimensional grid of posterior probabilities for each combination of <i>m<sub>χ</sub></i> and <i><σ v></i>. The files <code>twoD_posterior_probability_map_<strong>[CHANNEL]</strong>_channel.txt</code> contain probabilities (obtained using a log-uniform prior on <i><σ v></i>) together with the corresponding values of <i>m<sub>χ</sub></i> and <i><σ v></i>. The tabulated values of <i>m<sub>χ</sub></i> and <i><σ v></i> correspond to the centres of the respective bins in <i>m<sub>χ</sub></i> and <i><σ v></i> and the posterior probability contained in them (the total posterior probability sums to 1).</li> </ul> <p>Please contact the authors if you require different data or have any questions regarding this data set.</p>
Superposition for Lambda-Free Higher-Order Logic — Supplementary Material
<p>We provide the following supplementary material for our <a href="http://matryoshka.gforge.inria.fr/pubs/lfhosup_paper.pdf">paper</a>. The longer version of our paper can be found here: <a href="http://matryoshka.gforge.inria.fr/pubs/lfhosup_report.pdf">report</a>.</p> <p><strong>Compiling Zipperposition</strong></p> <p>Compilation instructions for Zipperposition, in particular instructions for compilation for <a href="https://www.starexec.org">StarExec</a>, can also be found in the <a href="https://github.com/c-cube/zipperposition/#starexec">Zipperposition readme</a>.</p> <p>In general, follow the following steps:</p> <ul> <li>Install <a href="https://opam.ocaml.org/doc/Install.html">OPAM</a></li> <li>Zipperposition requires OCaml >= 4.03.0, e.g. use <pre>opam switch 4.05.0+flambda eval `opam config env`</pre> </li> <li>You might have to install gmplib on your system, e.g. <pre>sudo apt-get install libgmp3-dev</pre> </li> <li>Zipperposition requires the following dependencies. <pre>opam install zarith containers sequence oasis msat menhir jbuilder</pre> </li> <li>Clone Zipperposition and compile it (we used commit 7fe2ebeb0500e350fd0f1dd4c4ad402ba9cf99b6): <pre>git clone https://github.com/c-cube/zipperposition.git --branch dev cd zipperposition make build</pre> This will create the binary zipperposition.native.</li> <li>Compile the applicative encoder if needed: <pre>jbuilder build ./src/tools/app_encode.exe</pre> This will create the binary ./_build/default/src/tools/app_encode.exe.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Problems</strong></p> <p>We used the following first-order (TFF) and the higher-order (THF) <a href="http://www.tptp.org/">TPTP (v7.0.0) problems</a> for the evaluation:<br> <a href="/record/3975512/files/list_TFF.txt">TFF problem list </a><br> <a href="/record/3975512/files/list_THF.txt">THF problem list </a></p> <p>The selection criteria for the problems are described in our paper. We used these scripts to create these problems lists and to generate an XML file to link these problems into a seperate space in Starexec: <a href="/record/3975512/files/starexec_xml.tar.gz"> Problem selection & StarExec XML generation scripts </a></p> <p><strong>Run scripts</strong></p> <p>We used the following run scripts on starexec. This archive also contains the Zipperposition binary and the applicative encoder binary, compiled for Starexec: <a href="/record/3975512/files/run_scripts.tar.gz"> StarExec run scripts </a></p> <p>The scripts use the following command-line options for Zipperposition:</p> <ul> <li>First-order mode: <pre>./zipperposition.native -i tptp -o tptp --no-ho --no-avatar --no-induction --no-unif-pattern --simultaneous-sup false --no-max-vars --no-fool</pre> </li> <li>Intensional purifying calculus: <pre>./zipperposition.native -i tptp -o tptp --no-avatar --ho --force-ho --no-ho-elim-pred-var --ho-general-ext-pos --no-ho-unif --no-induction --no-unif-pattern --simultaneous-sup false --ho-purify int --ho-no-ext-pos --ho-no-ext-neg --ho-prim-enum none --no-max-vars --dont-select-ho-var-lits --no-fool</pre> </li> <li>Intensional nonpurifying calculus: <pre>./zipperposition.native -i tptp -o tptp --no-avatar --ho --force-ho --no-ho-elim-pred-var --ho-general-ext-pos --no-ho-unif --no-induction --no-unif-pattern --simultaneous-sup false --sup-at-vars --ho-no-ext-pos --ho-no-ext-neg --ho-prim-enum none --no-max-vars --dont-select-ho-var-lits --no-fool</pre> </li> <li>Extensional purifying calculus: <pre>./zipperposition.native -i tptp -o tptp --no-avatar --ho --force-ho --no-ho-elim-pred-var --ho-general-ext-pos --no-ho-unif --no-induction --no-unif-pattern --simultaneous-sup false --ho-purify ext --ho-ext-axiom --restrict-hidden-sup-at-vars --ho-prim-enum none --no-max-vars --dont-select-ho-var-lits --no-fool</pre> </li> <li>Extensional nonpurifying calculus: <pre>./zipperposition.native -i tptp -o tptp --no-avatar --ho --force-ho --no-ho-elim-pred-var --ho-general-ext-pos --no-ho-unif --no-induction --no-unif-pattern --simultaneous-sup false --sup-at-vars --restrict-hidden-sup-at-vars --ho-ext-axiom --ho-prim-enum none --no-max-vars --dont-select-ho-var-lits --no-fool</pre> </li> </ul> <p>Additionally, we provided the problem's filename as the first argument, the order (<code>--ord rpo6</code> or <code>--ord kbo</code>), the timeout (<code>--timeout 600</code>) and the memory limit (<code>--mem-limit 128000</code>). We used <code>--timeout 600</code> and Starexec's Wallclock timeout was set to 600s, but Starexec's CPU timeout was set to 300s. So effectively we allowed only 300s of calculation time.</p> <p>For the applicative encoder app_encode.exe, we provide the problem's filename as the first argument. The option <code>-o tptp</code> should be used to ensure that the output is also in TPTP format. To add the extensionality axiom to the applicative encoding, we use <code>--app-encode-extensional</code>.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Download the raw output of the evaluation and the .csv files created by StarExec here: <a href="/record/3975512/files/output.tar.gz"> Evaluation output </a></p> <p>We used our own scripts to statistically analyse the results instead of using StarExec's statistics: <a href="/record/3975512/files/eval.tar.gz"> Evaluation scripts</a>. Set the location of the xml-file and the output files produced by StarExec in config.py and run stats.py to obtain the statistics displayed in the paper.</p> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>We tested the examples given in our paper in Zipperposition. Here are the problem files we used. Some are in TPTP format (.p) and some are in Zipperposition format (.zf).</p> <ul> <li><a href="/record/3975512/files/example_varcond.zf">Example "Justification for the weaker variable condition in the intensional variant" </a></li> <li><a href="/record/3975512/files/example_posext.zf">Example "Justification PosExt" (only in report) </a></li> <li><a href="/record/3975512/files/example_supatvars_rpo.zf">Example "Justification for purification and SUP inferences at variables" (only in report) </a></li> <li><a href="/record/3975512/files/example_add_equiv_defs.p">Example "Addition of Peano numbers" </a></li> <li><a href="/record/3975512/files/example_add_equiv_defs_app.p">Example "Addition of Peano numbers" (applicative encoding) </a></li> </ul>
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