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325 results for “Mediation analysis”
Multivariate analysis of FcR-mediated NK cell functions identifies unique clustering among humans and rhesus macaques - dataset
<p>Dataset from Tuyishime M, Spreng RL, et al. Multivariate analysis of FcR-mediated NK cell functions identifies unique clustering among humans and rhesus macaques. Frontiers in Immunology 2023 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260377</p>
scmcclelland/joint-mediation-study: Data, Analysis, and Figure Scripts for "Soil organic carbon sequestration jointly-mediated by plants and microbes after compost application"
<p>This repository contains data, analysis, and figure scripts to create findings from the manuscript "Soil organic carbon sequestration jointly-mediated by plants and microbes after compost application" currently under minor revisions.</p> <p>This release includes updated code, primarily improvements to figures, and a new script for a supplementary map figure.</p>
Figure S1. Mediation analysis on the effect of insulin resistance on intraocular pressure. Figure S2. Forest plot showing the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of ALD versus NAFLD and the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of drinkers versus non-drinkers. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
<p>Figure S1. Mediation analysis on the effect of insulin resistance on intraocular pressure.</p> <p>Figure S2. Forest plot showing the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of ALD versus NAFLD and the OR (95% CI) for EIOP of drinkers versus non-drinkers. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.</p>
Supporting code and data to reproduce analysis for: Genomic signatures of past megafrugivore-mediated dispersal in Malagasy palms
<p>Seed dispersal affects gene flow and hence genetic differentiation of plant populations. During the Late Quaternary, most fruit-eating and seed-dispersing megafauna went extinct, but whether these animals have left signatures in the population genetics of their food plants, particularly those with large, 'megafaunal' fruits (i.e., > 4 cm – megafruits), remains unclear.</p> <p>Here, we assessed the population history, genetic differentiation, and recent migration among populations of four animal-dispersed palm (Arecaceae) species with large (<em>Borassus madagascariensis</em>), medium-sized (<em>Hyphaene coriacea,</em> <em>Bismarckia nobilis</em>), and small (<em>Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis</em>) fruits on Madagascar. We integrated double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) of 167 individuals from 25 populations with (past) distribution ranges for extinct and extant seed-dispersing animals (e.g., giant lemurs, elephant birds), landscape and human impact data, and applied linear mixed-effects models to explore the drivers of genetic variation in Malagasy palms.</p> <p>Palm populations that shared more megafrugivore species in the past had lower genetic differentiation than populations that shared fewer megafrugivore species. This suggests that megafrugivore-mediated seed dispersal in the past may have led to frequent gene flow among populations. In comparison, extant frugivore diversity only decreased genetic differentiation in the small-fruited palm. Furthermore, genetic differentiation decreased with landscape connectivity (i.e., environmental suitability, forest cover and river density), and human impact (i.e., road density) has decreased genetic differentiation among populations.</p> <p><em>Synthesis: </em>Our results suggest that the legacy of megafrugivores regularly achieving long dispersal distances is still reflected in the population genetics of palms that were formerly dispersed by such animals. Furthermore, low genetic differentiation was possibly maintained after the megafauna extinctions through alternative dispersal (e.g., human- or river-mediated), long generation times, and long lifespans of these megafruit palms. Our study illustrates how species interactions that happened >1000 years ago can leave imprints in population genetics.</p>
Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity
<p>1. Crop diversification offers a promising solution to meet expanding global food demands while maintaining ecosystem services. Diversification strategies that employ mixed planting to reduce pest damage (e.g., intercropping), termed "associational effects" (AE) in the ecological literature, can decrease (associational resistance) or increase (associational susceptibility) herbivore abundance on a focal plant. While application of AE to agroecosystems typically reduces pest abundance, the range of outcomes varies widely.</p> <p>2. We conducted a meta-analysis using 272 estimates of insect herbivore abundance on crops neighbored by a conspecific or heterospecific from 44 studies undertaken on six continents. We focus on four agricultural crops well-represented from sites across the globe to test hypotheses related to understanding how herbivore traits (diet breadth, feeding guild, origin), plant traits (crop type, phylogenetic distance to neighbor), and environmental context (climate, experimental design) contribute to variation in the outcomes of associational effects.</p> <p>3. Overall, bicultures provided a strong reduction of insect abundance on the focal crop. Climate and interactions between herbivore traits, particularly diet breadth and origin, and plant traits or environmental context mediated the strength of associational effects.</p> <p>4. Bicultures provided the strongest reductions in insect abundance at low latitudes and this effect decreased at higher latitudes, but only for insects with certain traits. Abundance of generalist herbivores and globally distributed pests tended to be most strongly negatively affected by bicultures, under certain contexts, whereas specialist herbivores and native pests were less affected by neighbors.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and application. This meta-analysis highlights that variability in AE is determined in part by the interactive effects of herbivore traits and environmental context and provides guidance for incorporating beneficial ecological interactions into integrated pest management strategies.</p>
Host-pathogen interactions under pressure: a review and meta-analysis of stress-mediated effects on disease dynamics
<p>Human activities have increased the intensity and frequency of natural stressors and created novel stressors, altering host-pathogen interactions, and changing the risk of emerging infectious diseases. Despite the ubiquity of such anthropogenic impacts, predicting the directionality of outcomes has proven challenging. Here, we conduct a review and meta-analysis to determine the primary mechanisms through which stressors affect host-pathogen interactions and to evaluate the impacts stress has on host fitness (survival and fecundity) and pathogen infectivity (prevalence and intensity). We assessed 891 effect sizes from 71 host species (representing seven taxonomic groups) and 78 parasite taxa from 98 studies. We found that infected and uninfected hosts had similar sensitivity to stressors and that responses varied according to stressor type. Specifically, limited resources compromised host fecundity and decreased pathogen intensity, while abiotic environmental stressors (e.g., temperature and salinity) decreased host survivorship and increased pathogen intensity, and pollution increased mortality but decreased pathogen prevalence. We then used our meta-analysis results to develop Susceptible-Infected theoretical models to illustrate scenarios where infection rates are expected to increase or decrease in response to resource limitation or environmental stress gradients. Our results carry implications for conservation and disease emergence and reveal areas for future work. </p>
Vizgen MERFISH files for Single-cell analysis reveals M. tuberculosis ESX-1-mediated accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages in infected mouse lungs
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Single-cell analysis reveals M. tuberculosis ESX-1-mediated accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages in infected mouse lungs
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Data from: Broad-scale meta-analysis of drivers mediating adverse impacts of flow regulation on riparian vegetation
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Supporting code and data to reproduce analysis for: Genomic signatures of past megafrugivore-mediated dispersal in Malagasy palms
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Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity
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Host-pathogen interactions under pressure: a review and meta-analysis of stress-mediated effects on disease dynamics
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Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest V - Raw Microbial Community Analysis Data 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains 2015 results from monthly DNA analyses taken on cores from natural conditions in a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER.
ekoraytascilar/naturecommunicationscovid: Data and analysis code to accompany "Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion"
<p>This release contains raw datasets and analysis code for the research paper titled "Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion"</p>
Photoactivation of the Orange Carotenoid Protein Requires Two Light-Driven Reactions Mediated by a Metastable Monomeric Intermediate – Absorption Spectra and Global Analysis Results, Molecular Dynamics Simulations
<p>Time-resolved absorption and molecular dynamics trajectory datasets associated with: Rose, J. B.; Gascón, J. A.; Sutter, M.; Sheppard, D. I.; Kerfeld, C. A.; Beck, W. F. Photoactivation of the Orange Carotenoid Protein Requires Two Light-Driven Reactions Mediated by a Metastable Monomeric Intermediate. <i>Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.</i> <strong>2023</strong>, DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04484j.</p>
Do natural enemies mediate conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence of trees? A meta-analysis of exclusion experiments
<p>Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence is believed to be one of the most important mechanisms controlling forest community assembly and species diversity globally. Plant pathogens, and insect and mammalian herbivores, are the most common natural enemy types that have been implicated in this phenomenon, but their general effects at different plant life stages are still unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that involved robust manipulative experiments, using fungicides, insecticides, or exclosures, to assess the contributions of different natural enemy types to distance- and density-dependent effects at seed and seedling stages. We found that conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence was more common at the seedling stage. Only 30% of studies showed significant conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence. Among those studies, applying fungicides significantly reduced the effect of conspecific negative distance -dependent mortality. Excluding large mammals reduced the effect of conspecifics, but with only marginal significance (p < 0.1). Our study confirms that plant pathogens have a significant impact on distance -dependent mortality and suggests that the impacts of herbivores on seedlings have been understudied. At the seed stage, large and small mammals, respectively, appear to weaken and enhance negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality. Future research should identify specific agents of mortality, investigate the interactions among different enemy types, and assess how global change may affect natural enemies and thus influence the strength of conspecific distance- and density-dependence.</p>
Global analysis of environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with human burden of environmentally mediated pathogens
<p>This repository contains four datasets that support repeatability of the analyses in the Sokolow et al. paper published in <em>Lancet Planetary Health</em>. Descriptions of the four datasets are included in the metadata document. This study found that 80% of pathogen species known to infect humans are environmentally mediated, causing about 40% of contemporary infectious-disease burden (global loss of 130 million years of healthy life annually). More than 91% of this environmentally-mediated disease burden occurs in tropical countries, and the poorest countries carry the highest burdens across all latitudes. There were weak associations between disease burden and biodiversity or agricultural land use at the global scale. In contrast, the proportion of people with rural poor livelihoods in a country was a strong proximate indicator of environmentally mediated infectious disease burden there. Political stability and wealth were associated with improved sanitation, better health care, and lower proportions of rural poverty, indirectly resulting in lower burdens of environmentally mediated infections."</p>
Unwarranted Inferences from Statistical Mediation Tests – An Analysis of Articles Published in 2015
<p>Recent attempts to improve on the quality of psychological research focus on good practices required for statistical<br> significance testing. The scrutiny of theoretical reasoning, though superordinate, is largely neglected, as<br> exemplified here in a common misunderstanding of mediation analysis. Although a test of a mediation model<br> X -> Z -> Y is conditional on the premise that the model applies, alternative mediators Z′, Z″, Z‴ etc. remain<br> untested, and other causal models could underlie the correlation between X, Y, Z, researchers infer from a single<br> significant mediation test that they have identified the true mediator. A literature search of all mediation analyses<br> published in 2015 in Sciencedirect shows that the vast majority of studies neither consider alternative causal<br> models nor alternative mediator candidates. Ignoring that mediation analysis is conditional on the truth of the<br> focal mediation model, they pretend to have demonstrated that Z mediates the influence of X on Y. Recommendations<br> are provided for how to overcome this dissatisfying state of affairs.</p>
Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Spodoptera Frugi-perda Reveals Stage-Specific Gene Expression and P450-Mediated Adaptation Mechanisms
<p><em><span>Spodoptera frugiperda</span></em><span> is a highly adaptable agricultural pest with a complex life cycle, posing significant challenges to pest control. This study conducted a transcriptomic analysis across nine developmental stages, identifying 6,834 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3,072 stage-specific genes (SSGs) critical for their development and adaptability. Significant gene expression shifts were observed during the transition from late larval stages to adulthood. Notably, a high number of SSGs in 6th instar larvae and adult males were enriched in pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and neural signaling, indicating high metabolic and reproductive demands. Widely shared DEGs associated with ecdysone signaling and detoxification processes underscore robust adaptation mechanisms.</span></p>
Global analysis of environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with human burden of environmentally mediated pathogens
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.