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Supplementary material 7 from: Lobban CS, Ashworth MP, Camacho T, Lam DW, Theriot EC (2022) Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia. PhytoKeys 208: 103-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913

Figure S5. Molecular phylogenetic tree illustrating the results of the ExaBayes Bayesian Inference analysis of the 3-gene dataset

Supplementary material 6 from: Lobban CS, Ashworth MP, Camacho T, Lam DW, Theriot EC (2022) Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia. PhytoKeys 208: 103-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913

Figure S4. Molecular phylogenetic tree illustrating the results of the IQTREE Maximum Likelihood analysis of the 3-gene dataset

Supplementary material 3 from: Lobban CS, Ashworth MP, Camacho T, Lam DW, Theriot EC (2022) Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia. PhytoKeys 208: 103-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913

Figure S1. Plastids in a living cell of Ardissonea formosa showing movement from dispersed (peristrophy) to concentrated around the nucleus (karyostrophy)

Supplementary material 5 from: Lobban CS, Ashworth MP, Camacho T, Lam DW, Theriot EC (2022) Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia. PhytoKeys 208: 103-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913

Figure S3. Molecular phylogenetic tree illustrating the results of the RAxML Maximum Likelihood analysis of the 3-gene dataset

Supplementary material 2 from: Lobban CS, Ashworth MP, Camacho T, Lam DW, Theriot EC (2022) Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia. PhytoKeys 208: 103-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913

Table S2. Morphological characters and character states evaluated for the morphological cladistic analysis

Supplementary material 1 from: Lobban CS, Ashworth MP, Camacho T, Lam DW, Theriot EC (2022) Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia. PhytoKeys 208: 103-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913

Table S1. Metadata for strains used in the molecular phylogenetic analysis, including strain extraction voucher ID and GenBank accession numbers

FIGURE 72 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 72. Summary figure showing the concentration (valves/gram) of Pantocsekiella valves (left) and other plankton (right) in Lake El'gygytgyn through the last 1.2 Ma. SEM samples taken for this study are indicated by the central column. Geochemically (Melles et al., 2012) and diatom abundance (Snyder et al., 2013) inferred climate events in the lake are indicated by the colored lines (yellow = warm productive, purple = cold productive, blue = extreme cold unproductive).

FIGURES 53–58. Representative valves from size class 2 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 53–58. Representative valves from size class 2 (5–10 µm) and size class 3 (10–15 µm). Fig. 53) size class 2 external valve from 1.029 Ma (DC1600)showing flat valve face and large central area with many fovi, Fig. 54) size class 2 external valve 1126 ka (DC1750) with dissolution, Fig. 55) size class 3 external valve from 1.3 ka (LZ31) showing four depressions with small central area, Fig. 56) size class 3 external valve 70.2 ka (LZ688) showing five depressions, Fig. 57) size class 3 external valve 198.2 ka (LZ9-155) with flat valve face, granules, and scattered central fultoportulae, Fig. 58) size class 3 internal valve 214.2 ka (LZ10-65) showing scattered central fultoportulae.

FIGURES 47–52. Representative external valves from size class 2 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 47–52. Representative external valves from size class 2 (5–10 µm). Fig. 47) Valve from 0.075 ka (LZ23) showing one central fultoportula (cf) and flat valve face with four depressions, Fig. 48) Valve from 29.12 ka (LZ491) showing flat valve face with three depressions, Fig. 49) Valve from 190.5 ka (LZ9-138) showing flat valve face with numerous fovi, Fig. 50) Valve from 198.2 ka (LZ9-155) showing flat valve face with five scattered central fultoportulae (cf), Fig 51) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 238.5 ka (LZ10-227), Fig. 52) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 417.4 ka (DC570) with white circles highlighting the clusters of central fultoportulae within the large depressions.

FIGURES 59–64. Representative valves from size class 3 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 59–64. Representative valves from size class 3 (10–15 µm). Fig. 59) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 278.8 ka (LZ11- 125), Fig. 60) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 333.2 ka (LZ12-176), Fig. 61) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 484.1 ka (DC680), Fig. 62) external valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 406.7 ka (DC550), Fig. 63) internal valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 406.7 ka (DC550), Fig. 64) internal valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 302.5 ka (LZ12-54).

FIGURES 41–46. Representative external valves from size class 1 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 41–46. Representative external valves from size class 1 (3–5 µm). Fig. 41) Valve from 1.029 Ma (DC1600) showing numerous fovi and two central fultoportulae (cf), Fig. 42) Valve from 952.6 ka (DC1480) showing the rimoportula placement, Fig. 43) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 406.7 ka (DC550) showing the rimoportula placement,, Fig. 44) Valve of P. elgygytgynensis from 302.5 ka (LZ12- 54) showing three depressions and three central fultoportulae, Fig. 45) Valve from 119.3 ka (LZ6-60) showing less distinct depressions, and Fig. 46) Valve from 8.28 ka (LZ366) showing P. ocellata morphology.

FIGURES 31–39 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 31–39: Representative light microscopy images of valves from ~230 ka to present. Figs. 31–33) The replacement Pantocsekiella morphology subsequent to an extreme cold event 214.2 ka (LZ10-65), Fig. 34) 159.7 ka (LZ8-67), Fig. 35) 128.2 ka (LZ6-130), Fig. 36) 24.7 ka (LZ477), Fig. 37) 70.2 ka (LZ688), Figs. 38–39) 0.075 ka (LZ23)

FIGURE 40 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 40: (Left) Mean valve diameter (VD) measured in LM and SEM for all valves spanning 1.2 Ma to present plotted next to the marine benthic stack from Lisiecki & Raymo (2005). The gray bar highlights the time between 550 to 220 ka. (Right) Mean initial cell size is plotted with the marine benthic stack and Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (Laskar et al., 2004).

FIGURES 26–30 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 26–30: Representative valves of P. elgygytgynensis from MIS Stages 9 and 11. Fig. 26) Valve from 409.9 ka (DC548), Figs. 27–28) Valves from 401.5 ka (DC536), Figs. 29–30) Valves from 327.3 ka (LZ12-143) with initial valve (Fig. 30).

FIGURES 17– 25 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 17– 25: Representative images of the P. elgygytgynensis morphology during MIS Stages 8, 10 and 12. Figs 17–18 & 24) Valves from 440.7 ka (DC620) with initial valve (Fig. 24), Fig. 19) Holotype valve from 424.1 ka (DC570) Figs 20–22, 25) Valves from 351.9 ka (DC460), Fig 23) Valve from 246.6 ka (LZ11-14).

FIGURES 12–16 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 12–16: Transitional phase in morphology moving towards generally larger valves through time. Fig. 12) 554 ka (DC770), Fig. 13) 543 ka (DC760), Fig. 14) 537 ka (DC750), Fig. 15) 519 ka (DC730), and Fig. 16) 513 ka (DC720).

FIGURE 71 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 71. Principle components analysis (PCA) biplots of A) all valves, B) size class 2, and C) size class 3. Colors represent valves from a specific time range including green (1.2 to 550 ka), red (550 to 230 ka), and blue (230 ka to present).

FIGURE 2 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 2. Measurements taken on SEM images of valves. A) external. B) internal. (VD: valve diameter, CD: central area diameter, R: rimoportula, RD: distance of the rimoportula from the margin, Striae: number of striae in 10 µm, Costae: number of costae in 10 µm, CF: number of central fultoportulae, Depressi: number of orbicular depressions, MF: number of marginal fultoportulae).

FIGURE 1 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 1. Location of Lake El'gygytgyn (top) and map of the lake hydrology (bottom) with core location 5011-1. (Modified from Nolan & Brigham-Grette, 2007)

FIGURES 3–11 in Climate-related morphological changes in Pantocsekiella (Mediophyceae) spanning 0-1.2 Ma in the Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russia including Pantocsekiella elgygytgynensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 3–11: Representative light microscopy images of Pantocsekiella from the Lake El'gygytgyn prior to 650 ka. Fig. 3) Earliest occurrence at 2.53 Ma (DC4200), Fig. 4) 1.13 MA (DC1740) Fig. 5) 1102.9 ka (DC1700), Fig. 6) 1.06 Ma (DC1644), Fig. 7) 996.2 ka (DC1550), Fig. 8) 952.6 ka (DC1480), Fig. 9) 937.9 ka (DC1460), Fig. 10) 695.3 ka (DC990), Fig. 11) 653.1 ka (DC910).