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74 results for “Mediterranean forests”
Live Fuel Moisture Content Mapping in the Mediterranean Basin Using Random Forests and Combining MODIS Spectral and Thermal Data
<p>Live fuel moisture content (LFMC), defined as the mass of water in the foliage and small twigs relative to its total dry mass, is a key factor affecting fire potential and determining wildfire danger and activity. Fuel moisture is directly related to the amount of energy needed to evaporate water before ignition. Consequently, high moisture values reduce, or even inhibit, ignitability and subsequent fire spread.</p> <p>To cover the absence of a specific model to estimate LFMC for the Mediterranean Basin at the sub-continental scale, we built an empirical model based on Random Forests (LFMC<sub>RF</sub>) and combining MODIS spectral bands, vegetation indices, land surface temperature, and the day of year as predictors. The details on the modeling and validation methods, and the accuracy of the estimates are in the related publication <strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133162">Cunill Camprubí et al., 2022</a></strong>.</p> <p>This dataset contains a collection of weekly LFMC maps from February 2000 to December 2021. The maps cover the Mediterranean and part of the Temperate biomes of the Mediterranean Basin. File <em>mapping_area_LFMC-RF_W-1.0.png</em> shows the target mapping areas.</p> <p>Metadata:</p> <ul> <li>Spectral Information: MODIS MCD43A4 C.6</li> <li>Land Surface Temperature: MODIS MOD11A2 C.6</li> <li>Land Cover Mask: MODIS MCD12Q1 C.6</li> <li>Coordinate Reference System: Native MODIS Sinusoidal</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: Weekly (W)</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: ~500 m</li> <li>File Format: NetCDF v.4</li> <li>Scale Factor: 0.01</li> </ul> <p>Fundings:</p> <p>The study was funded by the MICINN (RTI2018-094691-B-C31), European Union’s Horizon 2020-Research and Innovation Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 101003890 project FirEUrisk, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20179, 31850410483), and the talent proposals in Sichuan Province (2020JDRC0065) from Southwest University of Science and Technology (18ZX7131).</p>
Thermal balance of forests in the Mediterranean-temperate ecotone
<p><strong>Thermal balance of forests in the Mediterranean-temperate ecotone.</strong></p> <p>This dataset comprises the data used in the manuscript "Disentangling the role of Forest structure and functional traits for the thermal balance in the Mediterranean–Temperate Ecotone", to be submitted to a scientific journal shortly after the publication date of this dataset. Data comprise 54 variables including case categorization, meteorological, climatic and forest structural variables and the thermal balance of the forest estimated from <a href="https://ecostress.jpl.nasa.gov">ECOSTRESS</a> remote sensing measurements.</p> <p> </p>
Datasets from: Adaptation of Mediterranean forest species to climate: lessons from common garden experiments
<p>We include information (raw Datasets) corresponding to the paper; Adaptation of Mediterranean forest species to climate: lessons from common garden experiments.</p> <p>Table Journal of Ecology Review.xls. Material used in the metaanalysis</p> <p>JoE Row data Common garden.xls. Raw data for survival and height used in the study. Multi-environment commong garden data for Pinus canariensis, P. halepensis, P. nigra, P. pinaster, Quercus ilex, and Q. suber.</p> <p>JoE Dataset4.xls. Data used for the analysis of local adaptation.</p> <p> </p>
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Diversity-rich mediterranean-type sclerophyllous forests are home to 20% of described species on Earth. In the <em>Eucalyptus marginata</em> (jarrah) forest of southwest of Western Australia diversity is being reduced by extensive human use and the introduction of the plant pathogen <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em>. This study investigated the influence of <em>P. cinnamomi </em>infestation on the structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition of the forest.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Location</strong>: Jarrah forest of southwestern Australia</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Species<strong> </strong>abundance, understorey cover and canopy cover were assessed along 22, 30-m long transects which crossed infested and non-infested zones in five reserves in the jarrah forest. A trait database was assembled for 137 plants using 13 traits related to nutrient- and carbon acquisition, disturbance tolerance and reproduction. The responses of canopy cover, understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity, evenness, abundance, and functional diversity for trait groups, and all groups combined were modelled against reserve and zone as fixed effects and transect and transect section as random effects. To assess the species composition, NMDS ordination based on Bray Curtis resemblance and indicator species analyses were used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Results</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Significantly higher understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness were recorded in non-infested compared to infested zones, but there were no changes in the canopy cover and overall abundance. In non-infested zones, the functional diversity of nutrient acquisition and reproductive traits was higher, but the functional diversity of carbon acquisition traits was lower. No difference in functional diversity was recorded in disturbance tolerance and overall traits between the two zones. NMDS ordination and ANOSIM revealed a significant difference in the species composition between the two zones, and 11 indicator species significantly associated with infested and non-infested zones were identified.<strong> </strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> has significantly affected the forest structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition. Contrasting responses of functional trait groups obscured overall trait responses to <em>P. cinnamomi.</em></p>
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils.
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).
Text-fig. 1. Context and location of the Govone outcrop. a: Location of the Piedmont Basin at the northern margin of the Mediterranean Basin and distribution of Messinian evaporites. b: Simplified geological map of the Piedmont Basin showing the location of the Govone outcrop close to the town of Alba. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 1. Context and location of the Govone outcrop. a: Location of the Piedmont Basin at the northern margin of the Mediterranean Basin and distribution of Messinian evaporites. b: Simplified geological map of the Piedmont Basin showing the location of the Govone outcrop close to the town of Alba.
FireCaster Wildland Fire Fuels Database for Corsican - Mediterranean Forest stand types
<p>This database includes wildland fuels data for Mediterranean basin vegetation stands types and in particular for those in Corsica, for fire/forest management, risk assessment and decision-support purposes. It gathers together some of the most common input parameters needed by wildfire’s models at several vegetation scales (i.e., stand, elements, particles). It has been conceived by using a layering approach, this is, assuming that a vegetation stand type is constituted by one or more structurally distinct pseudo-homogenous layers of vegetation. Vegetation stand types considered are based on the fuel classification and mapping of the BDForêt® <em>2.0 – Corsica.</em> Fuel attributes have been defined to be meaningful at regional/landscape scales and are representative of stand-level characteristics. National Forest Inventory (NFI) data have been mainly used for determining the fuel attributes for forest stand types. The building methods and the different data sources have been detailed in a paper which is under review.</p> <p> The attached dataset consists of two tables and one text document:</p> <p> - The first table (<em>FuelLayersData.csv</em>) contains fuel layers and fuel elements attributes for each vegetation stand type. The table has 15 columns. The first one (<em>CODE_TFV</em>) corresponds to the code assigned to each vegetation stand type following the BDForêt®<em> </em>nomenclature. Next columns, refer to the layer numbering, the stratum of the layer and the species scientific name. After that, next six columns correspond to the layer attributes and four columns correspond to the fuel element attributes. The last column is the diameter at breast height (DBH) for canopy layers. The empty cells in the table indicate that the corresponding attribute is not applicable for this particular layer.</p> <p> - The second table (<em>FuelParticlesData.csv</em>) contains the particle attributes, this is, the surface-to-volume ratio, particles density and low heat content.</p> <p> - The text document (<em>StandTypesDescription.docx</em>) is derived from BDForêt®<em> version 2.0 – Corsica</em> (https://geo.isula.corsica/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/descriptif-contenu-bd_foret-IGN.pdf) and contains a short description of the different stand types considered according to the CODE_TFV.</p> <p>This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France (grant number ANR-16-CE04-0006 FIRECASTER) and by H2020-EU.3.5. Programme (FIRE-RES, Grant agreement ID: 101037419).</p> <p> </p> <p>Pérez-Ramirez Y, Ferrat L, Filippi JB. (2024) Wildland Fire Fuels Database for Corsican – Mediterranean Forest stand types. Forest Ecology and Management, 565, 122002.</p>
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
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Data from: Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest
1. Microbial activity plays a central role in nitrogen (N) cycling, with effects on forest productivity. Though N bio-transformations, such as nitrification, are known to occur in the soil, here we investigate whether nitrifiers are present in tree canopies and actively process atmospheric N. 2. This study was conducted in a Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forest in Spain during the transition from hot dry summer to cool wet winter. We quantified NH4+—N and NO3-—N fluxes for rainfall (RF) and throughfall (TF) and used δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O to elucidate sources of NO3-. Finally, we characterized microbial communities and abundance of nitrifiers on foliage, RF and TF water through metabarcoding and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, respectively. 3. NO3—N fluxes at the site were larger in TF than RF, suggesting a contribution from dry deposition, as also supported by δ15N and δ18O. However, Δ17O indicated that about 20% of NO3- in TF derived from canopies nitrification in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September (≈ 8%). This seasonal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived NO3- coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers. Tree canopies and TF had more diverse microbial communities than RF. Yet, RF showed higher variability in microbial composition, likely associated to the origin of air masses. 4. Synthesis. Atmospheric N deposition is significantly altered after passing through tree canopies. While nitrification has been proposed as one of the mechanisms responsible for these changes, very few studies directly investigate its occurrence. Here, we showed that nitrification by epiphytic leaf microbes contributed to increasing NO3 in TF and that nitrifiers' activity was reduced going from the dry and hot summer to the cool winter. Overall, these results highlight the power of coupling microbial community analysis, functional gene amplification and stable isotope approaches to examine ecosystem-scale processes.
Data from: Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: different responses to elevation and forest cover
<p><span><strong>Aim</strong>.</span><span> When studying the effects of global change on biodiversity, it is far more common for the effects of climate change and land-use changes to be assessed separately rather than jointly. However, the effects of land-use changes in recent decades on species richness in areas affected by climate change have been less studied. </span><span>We assess the temporal turnover in species richness of an avian community between a historical period and a modern one as a consequence of global change.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>. </span><span>Semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem (Southeastern Spain). </span></p> <p><span><strong>Method</strong>.</span><span> We fitted a hierarchical multi-species occupancy </span><span>model for each period (</span><span>1991-1992, and 2012-2017)</span><span>, obtaining avian species-specific estimates of occupancy probability in relation to environmental covariates </span><span>(elevation and forest cover)</span><span>. </span><span>We analyze the relationships between changes in the bird community and environmental variables, analysing the temporal turnover of the species richness and the richness-based species-exchange ratio.</span> </p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>.</span> <span>The estimated species richness accounting for detectability was higher than observed species richness, and decreased in the </span><span>more recent </span><span>period. Following our hypotheses, we observed a dual pattern of species richness increase associated with different elevations, showing different species turnover rates due to the joint effects of climate change and land-use change. There is a trend toward greater species richness with higher elevations that is associated with climate change, where the species turnover rate is low. Also, species richness increased towards lower elevations, but with a high turnover rate. The latter can be due to species expansions through</span><span>ou</span><span>t new habitat configurations in bordering forest systems associated with anthropic land-use changes. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>.</span><span> Our study is of great interest to understand the temporal turnover of avian species richness associated with areas experiencing both climate and land-use change.</span></p>
Mapping discrete forest age classes of Mediterranean pinelands since the pre-satellite era using historical orthoimage mosaics and machine learning.
<p>Data and sripts for Journal of Forestry Research submitted manuscript. Authors: Vicent Agustí Ribas Costa, Andrew Trlica, & Aitor Gastón González.</p> <p>This data and scripts are part of Vicent's PhD project at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, supervised by Dr. Aitor. Contact Vicent for any queries at va.ribas@upm.es.</p> <p>The PNOA LiDAR and 1956 and 2021 orthophotos are openly available at the Centro de Descargas of the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (<a href="https://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/index.jsp">https://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/index.jsp</a>). The 1989 orthophoto is available under request at the Institut Cartogràfic i Geogràfic de les Illes Balears (<a href="https://www.caib.es/webgoib/institut-cartografic-i-geografic-de-les-illes-balears-icgib-">https://www.caib.es/webgoib/institut-cartografic-i-geografic-de-les-illes-balears-icgib-</a>).</p> <p>Forest inventory data is property of the landowners and managed by Terrapi World Ltd.</p>
Legacy effects of seed dispersal mechanisms shape the spatial interaction network of plant species in Mediterranean forests
<p>1. Seed dispersal by frugivores plays a key role in structuring and maintaining tree diversity in forests. However, little is known about how the spatial legacy of seed dispersal and early recruitment shapes spatial patterns and the spatial interaction network of plant species in mature forest communities.</p> <p>2. We analysed two fully mapped mixed Pine-Oak forest communities using spatial point pattern analysis to determine (i) the detailed structure of the intraspecific spatial patterns of saplings and adults, (ii) the intra- and interspecific spatial interaction of saplings, adults, and saplings relative to adults, (iii) the spatial patterns of species richness at the community level, and (iv) whether seed dispersal mechanisms affect the plant-plant interaction networks and the ratio of adult to sapling neighbourhood densities used as surrogate for spatial self-thinning.</p> <p>3. The intraspecific spatial patterns of saplings and adults showed in general complex nested cluster structures that were similar for sapling and adult stages, despite of substantial self-thinning in some dry-fruited species. The spatial network of saplings was characterized by positive spatial interactions. Adults of several tree species facilitated saplings in their proximity; however, adults of dry-fruited species, but not those of fleshy-fruited ones, lost almost all positive interactions that occurred at the sapling stage. Besides, interaction strength between adults was positive and often significantly stronger if both species were fleshy-fruited. At the community level, the forests were structured into multispecies clumps across all life stages.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our analyses highlight the importance of the spatial legacy of seed dispersal and early recruitment in the assembly of plant communities. Particularly, animal seed dispersal can lead to multispecies clusters and positive spatial associations across life stages in Mediterranean forests, with surprisingly little signatures of negative interactions. Our analysis suggests that changes of the spatial structure across plant life stages are driven by seed dispersal mechanisms and subsequent spatial self-thinning, generating a spatial footprint at the sapling stage that conditions the long-term interactions between adult plants. Combining spatial point pattern analysis with network analysis and species traits is a promising way to disentangle the processes underlying observed patterns of local diversity. </p>
Interspecific soil water partitioning as a driver of increased productivity in a diverse mixed Mediterranean forest
<p><strong>Interspecific soil water partitioning as a driver of increased productivity in a diverse mixed Mediterranean forest</strong></p> <p>Ido Rog<sup>1</sup>, Christina Tague<sup>2</sup>, Gilad Jakoby<sup>1</sup>, Shacham Megidish<sup>1</sup>, Assaf Yaakobi<sup>1</sup>, Yael Wagner<sup>1</sup>, Tamir Klein<sup>1</sup></p> <ol> <li>Plant & Environmental Sciences department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</li> <li>Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California Santa Barbara, California, USA</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>Empiric data from Yishi forest (31º 43´N 34º 57´E, 320 m elevation) and RHESSys simulation. </p>
Fire recurrence and time since last fire interact to determine the supply of multiple ecosystem services by Mediterranean forests
<p>Wildfires shape the composition and functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems, but we do not know how these ecosystems respond to both the higher fire recurrence and shorter recovery times expected for future climatic scenarios. We sampled 29 plots with different fire recurrences (from 0 to 4 fires over the past decades) and time since the last fire (up to 35 years; hereafter TSLF) in Southeast Spain, to assess the effect of fire recurrence and TSLF on 25 ecosystem attributes, five related ecosystem services (biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, disturbance regulation, food production, and supporting services), plus the synergies and trade-offs between them. High fire recurrence (number of fires) and TSLF interacted to determine ecosystem services but did not affect the synergies and trade-offs between them. Fire recurrence reduced many ecosystem functions and ecosystem multifunctionality. However, this effect dampened, and even became positive, for biodiversity conservation and food production services provided enough (> 20 years) time to recover. The combined effects of fire recurrence and TSLF, however, reduced carbon sequestration and had no overall effects on supporting services. Disturbance regulation, in turn, diminished drastically with the first fire, with no effect of further fires or their interaction with TSLF. Our results show which ecosystem services will suffer more from an increase in fire recurrence, and where restoration and management efforts should focus to maximize the provision of those services more demanded by stakeholders.</p>
Data from: Drought effects in Mediterranean forests are not alleviated by diversity-driven water source partitioning
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Data from: Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest
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Fire recurrence and time since last fire interact to determine the supply of multiple ecosystem services by Mediterranean forests
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Data from: Climate change and exotic pathogens shift carbon allocation in Mediterranean mixed forests
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Mixing oak and pine trees in Mediterranean forests increases aboveground hydraulic dysfunctions
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